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The current study examined whether age and parental reports of children's problematic lying, behavioural inhibition system (BIS) activity, and reward responsiveness predicted children's antisocial lie‐telling. Children from mostly middle and upper‐class Canadian families (ages 3–12, M = 6.23, SD = 2.52) participated in a modified Temptation Resistance Paradigm (TRP), where they were given opportunities to tell a self‐protective lie (to conceal a transgression) and an instrumental lie (to obtain a reward). Parents completed measures of their children's problematic lying tendencies, BIS activity, and reward responsiveness. Age and parent‐reported problematic lying and BIS activity were significant predictors of lie‐telling behaviour in the TRP. Instrumental liars were younger than dual liars (those who told both types of lies) and truth‐tellers. Truth‐tellers had lower parent‐reported problematic lying than instrumental and dual liars but not self‐protective liars. Dual liars had lower parent‐reported BIS activity than truth‐tellers; there were no differences among truth‐tellers, self‐protective liars, and instrumental liars. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of temperamental factors in children's lie‐telling propensity and the predictive utility of parent‐reported predictors for children's antisocial lie‐telling propensity. Our findings indicate that parents can identify and potentially address their children's problematic lying using their knowledge about their children's temperamental traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under a relational contract, the value placed on expected future business must outweigh the short-term temptations to deviate for the buyer–supplier relationship to persist. Operational and relational factors that influence this trade-off have been explored, however, there is a considerable lack of research on the moderating effects of supplier and market characteristics. We offer insights into how supplier service models and market dynamics impact suppliers' decisions to renege on the relational contract. Limited access to transactional and contractual data has restricted previous exploration. We overcome this limitation with a detailed dataset in the for-hire truckload transportation sector. We find that a third-party brokerage service model is better able to overcome operational demand challenges and maintain service due to lower capacity constraints and pooling effects as compared to asset-based providers. Furthermore, when the overall market is capacity-constrained, long-term relationships become less of a deterrent for suppliers to reject business. In addition, during tightly constrained markets, suppliers respond with higher rejection rates to short-term demand surges but not to historical demand variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues Addressed: Alcohol depictions are extremely common online, and there is a reported relationship between alcohol exposure and alcohol use. A browser plug‐in specifically designed to block online alcohol depictions may be helpful to prevent the uptake of alcohol or increased alcohol use. Methods: Twenty‐five semi‐structured interviews were conducted, examining participants' beliefs about the effects of online alcohol exposure and their support for developing the browser plug‐in. Results: Using reflexive thematic analysis, we found participants highlighted a clear impact of viewing alcohol online and offline alcohol use. Participants believed a browser plug‐in that blocked alcohol was acceptable and would be especially useful for minors (to prevent alcohol initiation) and those who are aiming to reduce their alcohol use. Conclusions: Participants emphasised that viewing online alcohol exposure had an impact on drinking behaviours, such as increased craving and temptation. The browser plug‐in was considered an easy intervention tool for both parents and people who are experiencing alcohol‐related problems or trying to reduce their drinking. So What?: Participants' continuous support of an alcohol‐blocking browser plug‐in suggests that future health promotion strategies should consider the development of a prototype plug‐in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines peer effects on self‐control problems. I construct a theoretical model to describe how peer networks influence consumption behaviors through social norms. Using monthly survey data conducted in 16 Thai villages from 1999 through 2004, I find that peer's temptation consumption significantly impacts individuals' temptation consumption such as alcohol, tobacco, and gambling. A one baht (around $0.025 U.S. dollars) increase in peer's temptation consumption leads to a 1.5 times increase in one's own temptation consumption. With detailed household‐level social network information defined by actual transactions, this paper identifies peer effects using a friend of a friend (excluded network) as the instrument. The panel nature of this instrument overcomes various common identification challenges, such as reflection, correlated effects, and common unobservable shocks, in the literature. My findings suggest that these peer effects are driven primarily by social norms, rather than risk sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to present a model of temptation and likelihood of substance use in dependent individuals with a history of relapse based on attention bias and emotional processing styles, with the mediating role of social support. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included addicted individuals referred to addiction treatment centers (residential camps) in the city of Rasht. A simple random sampling method was used, and based on the Morgan table, 201 individuals were selected. Data were collected using the following standardized questionnaires: Post-Addiction Temptation to Use Substance Questionnaire, Shostrom Attention Bias Questionnaire (translated by Rezvani), Baker's Emotional Processing Styles Questionnaire, and Wax's Social Support Questionnaire. For statistical data analysis, structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used. Findings: The results indicated that all the paths in the overall sample were statistically significant. In the final research model, the relationship between variables of temptation and likelihood of substance use in dependent individuals with a history of relapse, based on attention bias and emotional processing styles, with the mediating role of social support, was significant. The highest coefficient (-0.76) was related to the path of social support, while the weakest coefficient (-0.39) was related to the path of attention bias. Therefore, all direct paths were significant (p < 0.50). In the proposed research model, there were two indirect or mediating paths, and to determine the significance of mediating relationships and the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediator, the bootstrap method was used (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the model has good fitness. Based on the standard coefficients, the direct and indirect paths of the proposed model were significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen (ZIB) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We provide a unified analysis of dynamically consistent menu preferences in which an agent may exhibit a preference for flexibility, a preference for commitment, or both. Our work generalizes prior results, which investigated this problem for an agent who always exhibits preference for flexibility. By using two types of consistency conditions, we characterize an agent with a subjective state space who reacts to information about her subjective states in a dynamically consistent way. We apply our results to the uncertain strength of temptation and the anticipating regret representations, and characterize a dynamically consistent updating of the no-uncertainty representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The harmony thesis about a virtuous person, widely held by neo-Aristotelians, supposes that someone highly vulnerable to temptation is not virtuous at all. However, is that the only plausible picture of a virtuous person's psychology? This essay aims to offer an alternative picture by discussing the account of virtue in the thought of Mengzi 孟子 and his conception of moral exemplars. First, I analyze the Mengzian moral exemplar as depicted in Mengzi 1A7—specifically, the susceptibility of the nobleman (junzi 君子) to compassion and the relevant temptation. Then, I explain how this differs from neo-Aristotelian virtue ethical theories. This passage shows that there is a certain price to being virtuous in Mengzi's virtue theory. By examining various ways of addressing this challenge, I explore Mengzi's solution to it, which will shed light on Mengzi's own way of specifying virtue and its significant advantage as a potential alternative to certain other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User susceptibility to phishing messages on social media is a growing information security concern. Contingency factors that can influence this susceptibility and the theoretical mechanisms through which they operate need more scholarly attention. To bridge this gap, we present a temptation and restraint (TR) model (a specific manifestation of the dual–system theory) of social media phishing susceptibility, which explains it as an outcome of a struggle between users' temptation toward engaging with a social media phishing message and their cognitive and behavioral restraint against it. The balance in this struggle is a function of various situational contingencies. First, via a Delphi study, we identify four key situational contingency factors in the context of social media that can influence this balance: (1) poor sleep quality, (2) social media ostracism, (3) source likability, and (4) fear appeals. Next, via five randomized controlled experiments using an ostensible social media paradigm with social media users, we show that the TR model explains (a) why and how users engage with social media phishing messages, and (b) when users are more or less susceptible to it based on key situational contingency factors. Our findings offer a nuanced perspective on social media phishing susceptibility, elucidate the fundamental roles of situational contingencies in the genesis of social media phishing victimization, and delineate important directions for future research in this area [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamentals can explain a lot. This column goes back to the basics to give a tried-andtrue lesson on investments. Topics covered include systematic versus unsystematic risk, the difference between financial planning and investment planning, the difference between skill versus luck, modern portfolio theory, standard deviation, and beta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wittgenstein was hostile towards set theory; see his remark in §22 of RFM II: ‘I believe and hope that a future generation will laugh at this hocus pocus’. At the same time, he says that what philosophy owes set theory is ‘tremendous’ and that this is something ‘deep’. I want to clarify these two statements and to reconcile them. The hocus‐pocus remark is mainly directed at the temptation to talk about an own world of sets, focussing on extensions and thereby forgetting the actual mathematical manoeuvres leading to them. Wittgenstein does not shy away from using set‐theoretical symbols and expressions, but he regularly deprives them of their genuine set‐theoretical character. When speaking of the ‘depth’ we encounter with regard to set theory, what he means is the depth explained in PI §111: It arises ‘through a misinterpretation of our forms of language’, and this is particularly so in set theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the moral dilemma of bribery in the presence of official discretion. The moral dilemma is framed as a dynamic choice problem in which an official's present biased temptation preferences that value bribery conflict with commitment preferences that place more value on honesty. The tension between temptation and commitment becomes salient in the presence of the official's discretionary power. More discretion allows the official to lower red-tape which is socially beneficial, but it also makes bribery more tempting thereby making commitment to honesty more costly. Accordingly, a morally committed bureaucrat may choose less discretion (which generates more red-tape) as a remedy to avoid being tempted by bribery. Whereas, the welfare maximizing policy will often impose high discretion, which generates psychic temptation costs on honest officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By interpreting both the account of Creation found in Genesis 3 and the related exegetical interpretations of the text, this article aims to focus on the figure of the serpent, which has always been laden with a negative, even ruthless, symbolic meaning traditionally approached as almost entirely irrevocable. Taking 'original nakedness' as the key perspective, this brief study seeks to bring out and highlight the moment or condition preceding the curse, in which the serpent is revealed to be at once extremely similar to and radically different from humans, an animal as well but profoundly different from other animals: ill-placed. Sharing its solitude and alienation in this slippery and uncomfortable boundary position, participating in its desire, its temptation to encounter the other and to change places, to blur the boundaries of creation, this article listens to the serpent's call to another story and follows it/him in an attempt to reimagine and rewrite another genesis, this time from its/his point of view, to displace and mix-up the established order and to find, in the end, a new dignity for itself/himself and for other animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wittgenstein characterises 'necessary truths' as rules of representation that do not answer to reality. The invocation of rules of representation has led many to compare his work with Kant's. This comparison is illuminating, but it can also be misleading. Some go as far as casting Wittgenstein's later philosophy as a specie of transcendental idealism, an interpretation that continues to gather support despite scholars pointing to its limitations. To understand the temptation of this interpretation, attention must be paid to a distinction Bernard Williams (1981) makes, echoing Kant, between empirical and transcendental idealism. Williams claims that the move to transcendental idealism is an effort to block empirical idealism. The latter, in this context, amounts to a scepticism regarding necessity and a denial of its objectivity. To show what is wrong with the transcendental interpretation, it is important to challenge the mistaken presumption that Wittgenstein's philosophy would otherwise lead to empirical idealism. The fundamental mistake common to both attributions is that they misunderstand the relation that obtains between our rules of representation and the contingent facts that condition those rules of representation. Once this relation has been clarified, Wittgenstein's philosophy can be understood as providing a genuine alternative to realism and idealism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Donatello from Ukraine - The Sweetest Temptation Since Turtles Exist" tells the story of Donatello, a male Testudo horsfieldii from Ukraine. Due to the war in Ukraine, Donatello had to find a new home and was brought to Germany by an animal welfare activist. After a long journey, Donatello was able to settle in Witten at the Schildkrötenhilfe Witten e.V. and will be permanently cared for there. The story shows how animal welfare activists advocate for rescued animals. [Extracted from the article]

"Paying it forward" is a behavior in which people help someone else because they were helped in the past. Although experimental evidence exists that indicates that real human beings often "pay-it-forward" even in the face of free-rider risks, the theoretical basis for the evolution of this behavior remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretical model that explains how pay-it-forward behavior can evolve despite the temptation to free-ride. By assuming that human beings exhibit cognitive distortions, as predicted by prospect theory, and that free-riding is punished with a tiny probability, we demonstrate that pay-it-forward, alongside unconditional altruistic behavior, can evolve and effectively deter free-riding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objective of the current investigation was to conduct a comparative analysis of the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy in managing the impulses experienced by individuals receiving treatment for addiction in Khorramshahr. Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental approach employing a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study cohort for this investigation was comprised of 45 individuals undergoing drug cessation, who were chosen randomly from the pool of drug-dependent individuals seeking assistance at addiction treatment facilities in Khorramshahr. Subsequently, they were randomly allocated into three cohorts of 15 individuals each, with one group serving as the control (15 individuals) and two others receiving either acceptance and commitment therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy. Data gathering was executed through the utilization of a questionnaire designed to assess drug use temptations post-treatment, as outlined by Federdi et al. (2008). Results: The outcomes of the study demonstrated the effectiveness of CBT and ACT in diminishing the temptations experienced by individuals undergoing addiction treatment in Khorramshahr. Furthermore, the findings indicated no significant difference between ACT and CBT in reducing temptations among individuals undergoing addiction treatment in Khorramshahr. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is recommended that both interventions be implemented to mitigate the temptations experienced by individuals undergoing addiction treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the musical context of the works of James Joyce and Vladimir Nabokov. Joyce's Ulysses, one of the most important literary texts of the twentieth century, is filled with musical allusions and various musical techniques. The chapter "Sirens" is the most interesting in this context as it features a "musical" form and contains a large number of musical quotations. The myth of the singing sirens, recreated by Joyce in images and characters from the modern world, encapsulates the idea of erotic seduction, bringing threat and doom to the seduced. Joyce offers a new version of the sea world filled with music, creating a system of musical leitmotifs and lexical patterns within the text. Developing the themes of temptation, the danger that temptation entails, doom, uniting with the vital forces of the world, and loneliness, Joyce in "Sirens" reveals the semantics of music, showing the specific nature of its effect on listeners. Vladimir Nabokov, who praised Ulysses and devoted a lecture to "Sirens", is much less musical than Joyce. However, he, like Joyce, also refers to the images of singing sirens and the accompanying images of the aquatic world. One of the central, meaning-making signs in his work is the "Sirin complex", his pseudonym. This sign, which refers to a large number of pretexts, refers in particular to the lilac (siren') and to the mythological "musical" sirens. As in Joyce's work, sirens are present in his texts as mermaids and naiads, or as figures of seducers who fulfil their function and bring doom. Joyce and Nabokov are also united by the presence of recurrent leitmotifs, lexical patterns, and the presence of auditory impressions in their text that are evoked by the sound of the everyday world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Timothy Luke Williamson's commentary on my article "Micromanagement and Poor Self-Control," Williamson casts my focus on managerial failures in certain cases of poor self-control "as an especially fruitful tool for addressing problems of poor self-control"; but he suggests that the cases of poor self-control that I view as cases of managerial failure also involve control by a foreign force, in accordance with the "foreign force paradigm," which I claim is off base in the cases on which I focus. Although I cannot get into Williamson's entire interesting and elaborate argument, I here question The Weak Planning Perspective, which plays a key role in Williamson's critical response, with the aim of addressing the issues he raises and shedding some light on why and how our views diverge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 'Micromanagement and Poor Self-Control', Chrisoula Andreou argues that some cases of poor self-control are best understood as arising from poor self-management, in particular a kind of intrapersonal micromanagement. She argues that this furnishes us with a better understanding of those cases than the orthodox foreign force paradigm does (on which poor self-control amounts to diminished self-control). I argue that we cannot do without the foreign force paradigm to explain the cases that Andreou discusses. I suggest a both/and approach on which poor self-management and diminished self-control together explain poor self-control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a familiar and entrenched philosophical paradigm, poor self-control amounts to diminished control by the self. While some cases of poor self-control may fit this paradigm, many paradigmatic cases of poor self-control, including cases involving individually trivial effects, do not; they are better understood as cases in which the self controls behavior, but does so poorly. As such, philosophical research on poor self-control needs to go beyond research aimed at locating and empowering the self, and into research on what it takes for selves that are already in control to qualify as managerial successes rather than managerial failures. This article focuses on certain pitfalls associated with micromanagement and on the paradoxical connection between micromanagement and poor self-control in cases involving individually trivial effects. The article ends by advancing an approach to managerial success that provides a promising route to avoiding micromanagerial pitfalls while also promoting responsible resilient agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jesus'temptations narrative constitutes a foundational tenet within the Christian doctrines, elucidating Jesus' ordeal in the wilderness, where the devil gravely enticed him to exploit his divine status as the son of God in fulfilling the messianic expectations of his people for self-serving purposes. From earliest Christianity, this narrative has been a subject of theological interpretations, whose lessons still hold relevance to today's Christianity in the light of the excessive and unruly passion for wealth, fame and power that characterized contemporary society. Using a narrative-descriptive and analytical method, the study critically examines the temptation narrative in the context of its existential demands and implications for today's Christianity. It highlights the humans' daily moral trials and presents Jesus' disposition in the trials as a model for resolutions of ethical challenges and obedience to God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the devil's appearance in chapter 59 of The Book of Margery Kempe is a creative adaptation of Legenda aurea hagiographies in which a devil takes on the guise of a woman to seduce male saints. Like a male saint, Kempe is tempted with a sexual spectacle, but like a female saint, she is threatened with rape. This portrays the devil as an ineffectual tempter. In this way, the Book emulates episodes in the vitae of St. Bridget of Sweden and Marie d'Oignes in which the holy women outwit demonic trickery. By portraying the devil as an artless seducer, chapter 59 supplements methods of self‐discernment outlined by Julian of Norwich in chapter 18 of the Book. This is because Julian's previous advice that Kempe will be able to tell God's visions from the devil's fails to reassure her as God shows her visions of damnation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of succumbing to temptation and the different forms it can take. It discusses two distinct forms of temptation: temptation to indecision and temptation to violation. The author argues that succumbing to temptation to violation involves acting contrary to a decision without changing it, and this form of temptation has been overlooked in philosophical discussions. The article also discusses strategies for resisting temptation to violation and highlights the limitations of relying solely on policies or rules. Additionally, a list of references is provided for further reading on related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Divinity of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The famous controversy between Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola is known to regard the proper use of Platonism in humanist and Christian context. With special attention to Pico's Commentary on a Canzone, the point of disagreement with Ficino, which is not at all obvious, is examined through a close reading. The result is that Pico sees the temptation of a pantheistic and anthropocentric understanding of the relationship between the human realm and God. Whereas Ficino engaged in making pagan philosophy amenable to Christian theology, Pico was concerned with upholding the otherness of the divine. For the humanist agenda, Ficino made plausible that the human world is divinized, while Pico called for the ascent to God. In Pico's view the Neoplatonists secularized the divine, as was evident in Ficino's philosophical theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the impact oftechnological processes on human thought, specifically the implications of artificial intelligence (Al) on writing instruction. The main purpose of this paper is to present instructional considerations that will elevate human voice and reduce student temptations to turn to Al unreasonably to produce a piece of writing while still providing responsible options for the incorporation of'AI in the writing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to discuss the complexities of the role and place of students' own gadgets in an innovative university democratic education embedded in a conventional institution. I argue that modern gadgets greatly promote, tacitly shape, and, perhaps paradoxically, severely curb human authorial agency. Gadgets are one of the biggest enemies of traditional foisted education because they undermine the teacher's control and epistemological authority. The modern gadget models the condition of self-education. The gadget may lead to but doesn't guarantee self-education. In this article, I share the history of the adaptation of the students' gadgets in my democratic classes, my philosophical reasons for that, observed benefits and challenges, temptations, doubts, and hopes for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a "behavioral" model of a normative benevolent social planner, who faces a self‐control problem when he/she is in charge of aggregating diverse and conflicting preferences of individuals. The model is presented in the context of aggregating preferences over intertemporal streams of social outcomes, in which Zuber and Jackson and Yariv have shown the impossibility of a time‐consistent and Paretian social objective function. Unlike previous studies, our investigation focuses on the compatibility of the Pareto condition with the impure social planner who has a dynamically consistent self‐control utility function characterized by Gul and Pesendorfer. Assuming that the social planner is tempted to adopt the majority's opinion when there is a conflict of opinions among individuals, the paper characterizes an aggregation form in which the planner is allowed to depart from dictatorship in ex‐post choice under noncommitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes how Sidney uses the metaphor of "penetration" to explore the moral and psychic effects of the encounter between poem and reader. I contextualize Sidney's use of this metaphor, starting from a moment in the Lady of May , where the pedant Rombus reflects on the "penetrancy" of pastoral singing. Invoking both classical and Christian contexts, the term represents rhetorical force as violent and invasive, yielding different affordances than other Elizabethan metaphors for poetic influence (such as digestion, movement, or temptation). Sidney himself adopts this metaphor to yoke together two incommensurate and perhaps mutually unintelligible subject positions: penetrated and penetrator, piercing and being pierced. I juxtapose a reading of Barnabe Barnes's use of the same metaphor, closing with a reading of the bower in the old Arcadia. In so doing, I hope to offer an alternative account of how Sidney thinks with metaphor, emphasizing not how he resolves his central tensions but rather how he sustains incompatible readings. Our disagreements over Sidney's views of reading, of morality, and of the relation between beauty and virtue result from his poetics of metaphor and wit. [M.H.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A staple of the PT governments' new economic policy in Brazil has been the pursue of the internationalization of a selected group of domestic firms. From 2003 to 2013, the Brazilian State has promoted the globalization of such firms through various public policies, with the main goal being to position the most of them in the upper echelon of their respective industry globally. At the same time, internationalization had been a primary "defensive" strategy adopted by leading Brazilian firms since the '90s, turned in a truly "global strategy" in the last 20 years to deal with deeply transformative trends at world level. Here we look specifically at the internationalization path followed by JBS, VALE and AB-INBEV, highlighting common patterns such as undertaking expansive trajectories characterized by distinctive and cumulative phases of consolidation; penetrating rapidly concentrating world industries; a common tendency to dispersion of shareholding control, foreign takeover and delocalization of central activities in major markets; growing financialization of business; emergency of China as main market of reference. We conclude that the internationalization trajectories of JBS, VALE and AB-INBEV show some shortcomings in the "National Champions" strategy. Nonetheless, we warn against the temptation of regarding the mixed results of this strategy as simply a "failure" of the new industrial policy as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the distinction between the dynamic and the descriptive unconscious is in danger of being lost and indicates some of the practical, clinical consequences of this loss. It does so against the background of Freud’s own struggles with his radical conception of the dynamic unconscious as ultimately unknown, as they appear in the revisions of The Interpretation of Dreams, invoking Laplanche’s recognition of Freud’s Copernican Revolution and the temptation he felt to make a Ptolemaic Return. It also comments on confusion about whether feelings can be said to be unconscious and the implications of this confusion for clinical practice, especially for our understanding of the concepts of transference and countertransference. An extended analysis of a dream is presented to show the dynamic unconscious in action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuestiones Teológicas is the property of Cuestiones Teologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "From the Temptation to Freeride to the Need for Legitimacy: A Comment on How Constitutional Rights Matter" by Adam Chilton and Mila Versteeg examines the relationship between constitutional rights and their actual protection by state authorities. The authors find that certain rights, such as freedom of religion, the right to unionize, and the right to form political parties, tend to receive greater protection when included in national constitutions. They argue that the effectiveness of constitutional protection depends on citizen mobilization and the presence of organizations dedicated to protecting these rights. The article suggests that a combination of confrontation and collaboration with the government is necessary for successful advocacy and policy change. It also discusses the influence of organizations on politics, the role of media coverage, and the concept of legitimacy in protecting human rights. The authors recommend a more nuanced theoretical approach to better understand their empirical findings. [Extracted from the article]

A significant amount of property crime is committed by young people. In this novel qualitative study, 50 young people were interviewed to obtain an insight into their motivations to burgle. Decisions were based on peer pressure, opportunity and perceived need. Bennett and Wright's typologies of adult burglars were applied to young burglars. Young burglars were more prone than adults in Bennett and Wright's study to commit opportunistic burglaries, but were deterred by similar target characteristics. The social and psychological factors are strong motivators for youth burglary and should guide the development of intervention and deterrence strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the transformation of the image of the child in literature during the 10-30s of the 20th century. The stories of three contemporary authors are used as material, which are connected by motifs of enlightenment and repentance: “The Day of the Boy” by F. Verfel, “The Paper Kite” by Lu Xin, and “On Tenderness” by Nadezhda Teffi. The basis for comparative analysis is the biographical similarities, close circle of philosophical and aesthetic interests of Austrian, Chinese, and Russian authors, as well as the genre and thematic proximity of the texts. The researcher assumes that increased attention to the image of the child arises in the early 19th century in Romantic literature, which interprets it either as a victim or as an angel. However, in the second half of the 19th century, images of “evil children” begin to appear. The analysis shows that under the influence of Freud, the motive of children’s games as a way to familiarize oneself with evil, temptation, and inevitable experiences during development consistently emerges in literature of the early 20th century. The common form of reminiscence present in all three texts allows the authors to interpret childhood events causally and derive later moral experiences from children’s games. The article concludes that Verfel’s, Lu Xin’s, and Teffi’s stories are influenced by Freud’s idea of the interconnection between childhood impressions and the fate of adults, who must comprehend past shame, guilt, and repentance.

This study uncovers the national deployment of cuteness in the multi-year birthday celebrations of the enormously popular child star Shirley Temple during the Great Depression in the United States. These widely publicized media events promoted the ideology of consumerism through Shirley Temple's brand cuteness, addressing the prevailing anxieties about poverty and patriarchal capitalism in the 1930s. Moreover, Shirley's brand of cuteness necessitated material protection for the child by promoting that if the little girl is "cute"—––innocent, pure, vulnerable, and loyal to the father figures–––, the adult would love her and indulge her with material abundance. Shirley Temple epitomizes girly cuteness and embodies the hope of girls and women for being rewarded by patriarchy. I use archival research and textual analysis to investigate how Fox film studio packaged Shirley's stardom around her birthdays in her movies, media profiles, and publicity stunts between 1934 and 1940. The primary sources include Shirley's movies, mainstream newspapers, women's magazines, fan magazines, and the motion pictures trade press. This study fuses cuteness theories with girls' studies to discuss the temptations for girls and women to perform cuteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions around assessment integrity often focus on the exam conditions and the motivations and values of those who cheated in comparison with those who did not. We argue that discourse needs to move away from a binary representation of cheating. Instead, we propose that the conversation may be more productive and more impactful by focusing on those who do not cheat, but who are tempted to do so. We conceptualise this group as being at risk of future cheating behaviour and potentially more receptive of targeted strategies to support their integrity decisions. In this paper we report on a large-scale survey of university students (n = 7,511) who had just completed one or more end of semester online exams. In doing so we explore students' reported temptation to cheat. Analysis surrounding this "at risk" group reveals students who were Tempted (n = 1379) had significant differences from those who Cheated (n = 216) as well as those who were Not tempted (n = 5916). We focus on four research questions exploring whether there are specific online exam conditions, security settings, student attitudes or perceptions which are more strongly associated with the temptation to cheat. The paper offers insights to help institutions to minimise factors that might lead to breaches of assessment integrity, by focusing on the temptation to cheat during assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To provide a scientifc tool, the Temptations to Try Smoking Scale (TTSS) is introduced to evaluate its reliability and validity in preventing and intervening Chinese adolescents from smoking temptations. Methods: A questionnaire, including the TTSS, the Chinese version of the Decisional Balance Scale (CDBS), the Adolescent Smoking Curiosity Scale (ASCOS), and the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS), is used to test 1195 Chinese adolescent volunteers (214 of them are retested after 1 month). If all six items in the TTSS are retained, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reveals that the TTSS exhibits a structure of two factors: positive social and curiosity/stress. Results: The confrmatory factor analysis (CFA) shows that the two-factor model of the TTSS has the ftting indices χ2/df = 2.35, RMSEA = 0.06, and CFI = 0.99, which are better than those of its single-factor model. The total scores of the TTSS, positive social, and curiosity/stress are positively correlated with the scores of Pros, ASCOS, TAS, and Dis of SSS but negatively correlated with the Cons, hereby exhibiting good criterion-related validity. The internal consistency coefcient of the TTSS is 0.89, and the retest reliability is 0.90. Conclusion: Therefore, the TTSS has good reliability and validity for Chinese adolescents and can be used as an efective tool to evaluate adolescents' smoking temptations in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]