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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PEEK abutments, an alternative to titanium abutments, with temporary acrylic restorations using immediate loading protocol on the marginal bone loss and peri-implant tissues. Methodology: This study was performed with temporary restorations using 32 titanium and PEEK abutments (14 titanium and 18 PEEK) on 32 implants performed on 21 patients (13 females, 8 males). Before surgical placement of the implants, intraoral and radiographic examinations were performed. The patients were divided into two groups as titanium abutment group (Grup Ti) and PEEK abutment group (Grup PEEK). In both groups, all implants were placed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After surgery, impressions were taken using polyvinyl siloxane impression material and closed tray impression technique. The gingiva, which is thought to be formed on the model, was scraped and screwed onto the appropriate titanium or PEEK abutment analogue according to the groups and temporary restoration was prepared and applied on the implant. Results: The results of the statistical analysis show that abutment types have no significant effect on ISQ values (p>0.05), but the diameter of the implant significantly affected ISQ values independently from abutment type (p0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, there was less bone loss in the PEEK abutment group (p0.05). How to cite this article: Gül İ, Zortuk M, Öztürk C. Effects of abutment materials on the tissues surrounding dental implants immediately after loading: An in vivo study­. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.1 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Dental implants represent the gold standard for the treatment of single edentulism, even in anterior areas. Today, the basic criteria for implant success has changed from mobility, pain, radiolucency, and peri-implant bone loss (>1.5 mm) to prosthetic level success, aesthetics, soft tissue parameters, as well as patient satisfaction. This case report documents a combination of surgical and prosthetic procedures for the treatment of gingival recessions in the anterior maxilla, appearing after tooth extraction, socket preservation, and staged guided implant placement. Prosthetic management of the temporary restoration, orthodontic treatment, and a connective tissue graft were performed. The decision-making process and step-by-step execution of the treatments are presented to describe the entire clinical and surgical management of the reported case. Finally, good aesthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and recovery of the soft tissue recession were observed with the combination of these techniques.

The success of endodontic therapy is attributed to complete arbitration of the bound entities concealed within the complexity and absolute disinfection of the root canal system, thus, deeming it mandatory to effectively negotiate and overcome the challenges posed by obstruction, either iatrogenic or anatomic. To achieve this, considerable depth of knowledge and expertise with reference to variations in root canal morphology and clinical mishap management is substantially as important as developing fine observation skills in conjunction with an appropriate armamentarium and a keen sense of determination, thereby enhancing one’s clinical acumen by several folds. In the present case, following rubber dam isolation, the temporary restoration was removed, and the remaining carious dentin was excavated. Endodontic access cavity was refined and explored with a DG-16 probe, following which three separate canal orifices were identified in the pulp chamber floor (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, and distal). On further observation under a surgical operating microscope and continuous exploration with the DG-16 probe, a fourth canal was found in the mesial aspect of the tooth (middle mesial). With instrumentation, it was confirmed that a fractured object was indeed present at the apical third of the mesiolingual root of tooth 38. Bypassing of the fractured fragment was initiated with a size 10 SS K-file coupled with copious irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite. In the present case report, four distinct canals comprising 3 mesial and 1 distal canal were recognized, and the fractured instrument in one of the canals was bypassed successfully.

Subject. Currently, tooth loss prosthetics using implants are widely used. An important problem is the loss of bone tissue due to infections around the implant. Micro-gaps at the implant-abutment interface can contribute to infection with microorganisms.The aim of this study was to investigate the precision of connecting the implant-abutment components with simultaneous loading and temporary restoration. Methodology. The precision of the "implant – abutment – artificial crown" connection was studied on a clinical case with simultaneous removal of a tooth root, followed by implant placement and temporary restoration. Before installing the implant, specialized programs combined a three-dimensional CT model of the jaw with a 3D model of the dentition obtained as a result of scanning. To study precision, a duplicate plastic crown was made according to this virtual plan and fixed in a similar implant. The "implant-crown" model was fixed in plaster and a section was made up to the level of the "implant-abutment-artificial crown" connection, which was studied using electron microscopy at magnification of 50, 100 and 200 times. Results. Electron microscopy data showed that the junction of the internal surface of the implant with the plastic "abutment" had a gap width in the range of 54-77 microns. Conclusion. The exact fit of the restoration on the implant was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the presented example, due to the production of temporary restoration, it was possible to reduce the number of manipulations with the implant-abutment components. Modern milling and 3D printing technologies show high precision.

One of the challenges in restoring anterior space with implant restoration is maintaining the natural looking of peri-implant area. A 48 years old Saudi female came to the prosthodontic clinic complaining from unaesthetic appearance of her upper anterior teeth. After clinical examination, the patient was diagnosed with advanced periodontitis in teeth #12,11,21,22. After discussion with the periodontist, the decision was to extract these teeth and immediately place implants in the sockets of teeth #11 and #22 followed by immediate loading. Implant surgery was performed but primary stability was not gained. The treatment changed to fabricating custom healing abutments to preserve the soft tissue and the use of transitional denture as a temporary restoration. After 3 months, the soft tissue management using provisional restoration with dynamic compression technique and gingivoplasty was done. Then, the use of an indirect-direct technique for transferring and replicating the cervical contours of provisional restorations to a modified impression coping, which is then used to make an impression of both soft tissue contours and implant positions in the dental arch to fabricate the final prosthesis. This method helps to control gingival contour around implant prosthesis to create an emergence profile. It is relatively easy, precise and predictable method for accurate duplication of soft tissue profile. The technique presented differs from other techniques in that it reduces gingival trauma by eliminating the intra-oral use of resin monomer that avoid chemical or thermal insult to the tissues. It also minimizes surgical procedure by remodeling the soft tissue during the healing process to create the proper contour needed. In addition to that, the important advantage is avoiding the possibility of soft tissue collapsing that may occur during the impression procedure, which gives accurate of the peri-implant soft tissue contours. This case report describes the dynamic compression technique with provisional restorations in the esthetic zone and an alternative impression procedure that accurately captures the emergence profile and soft tissue contours around implants after a provisional restoration has been placed.

Aim and objective To evaluate the success rate of stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) placed on permanent molars among adolescents in King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH). Materials and methods Electronic records of KAUDH patients aged 10 to 15 years who had an SSC placed on a permanent molar from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. The patients were contacted by telephone and were invited to participate in the study. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically. Results The response rate was 42.6%. The total number of SSCs included in the study was 36 crowns. The mean age was 11.75 ± 1.95. Males represented 75.76% of the subjects. The success rate of SSCs placed on permanent molars was 86.10%. Conclusion Placement of SSCs on permanent molars is a highly successful long-term temporary restoration that preserves badly destructed molars in adolescents until definitive prosthetic treatment can be done. Clinical significance To provide updated knowledge to healthcare providers and researchers about the success rate of SSCs when placed on permanent molars. How to cite this article Felemban O, Alagl H, Aloufi W, et al. Success Rate of Stainless-steel Crowns Placed on Permanent Molars among Adolescents. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):488-491.

A 67-year-old male patient was referred for further treatment of a mandibular left first premolar. The tooth presented with slight percussion tenderness and the periodontal probing depth was normal. There was no soft tissue swelling. The radiographic image exhibited a temporary restoration in the previously initiated access cavity of the mandibular left first premolar. The diagnosis of the mandibular left first premolar was previously initiated therapy associated with symptomatic apical periodontitis. The tooth presented four root canals and the characteristics of taurodontism. Two buccal root canals bifurcated at the apical third. The pulpal floor was examined under a dental operating microscope and four canal orifices were identified. TruNatomy Glider was used for glide path preparation. TruNatomy Prime file was selected for final root canal preparation in order to maximally preserve the radicular dentin. Root canal irrigation was achieved by using RC-Prep and 2.5% NaOCl between each file application. Canal blockage was avoided by multiple recapitulations with K-files (#10) between changing each rotary file. Obturation of the canals were performed by using TruNatomy Conform Fit® Gutta-Percha cones and AH Plus® root canal sealer via the warm lateral condensation technique. CBCT was arranged for confirmation after root canal treatment of the mandibular left first premolar and showed a good outcome. The clinical procedures and instruments could provide the practitioners for reference while managing such a difficult case.

Introduction: A temporary construction serves as a preliminary representation of the type and appearance of a future permanent one that is tailored to the patient’s requirements. Like any prosthetic construction, it should meet the functional requirements, preserve or improve chewing and speech function. No matter how well maintained a prophylactic and functional prosthetic structure is, it will not be evaluated by the patient unless it retains and restores the existing shape, size and color of the natural teeth. Aim: To determine instrumentally to what extent different colorants change the color of temporary constructions. Materials and methods: Two materials for temporary restoration were tested – Protemp II and Protemp IV, of which a total of 100 test specimens, were fabricated. Under the equal storage conditions of room temperature and no direct access to sunlight, they were exposed to five 100-ml staining solutions: Coca-Cola, coffee (espresso), berry tea, orange juice and red wine in five separate containers. Measurements of color changes in the three areas of the tooth were performed using two spectrophotometric devices – Vita EasyShade and SpectroShade, at different time intervals – immediately before placement in the staining solution, at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. Results: The results were analysed using the SPSS Statistical Processing Program (SPSS Inc., IBM SPSS Statistics) version 21.0. They were converted to a text file with the converter of the same program. In hypothesis testing, a standard value of p ≤ 0.05 was chosen for the level of significance that rejects the null hypothesis. Conclusion: Based on this study, the strong colouring effect of coffee and red wine on these restorations was demonstrated. We can conclude that Protemp IV material showed better color stability compared to Protemp II.

Background: Early childhood caries is a sugar-dependent disease with multifactorial modulating factors affecting deciduous dentition. It is defined as the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth due to caries or the existence of a temporary restoration in a tooth in a child between zero and 71 months of age. No BRP varnish was found in intellectual property banks, therefore it was registered and deposited with patent number BR1020160190142. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response concentration of alcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children. Methods: Twenty-four children, aged between 36 and 71 months, of both genders and without caries, were selected to participate in this pilot study and grouped randomly into four groups to receive different concentrations of BRP varnish (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The varnish was applied to the surface of all second deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was observed in saliva, which was collected in two phases: before applying the BRP varnish and after use. Results: There was microbiological reduction of S. mutans in the oral cavity of the children in all the tested concentrations. The highest percentage reduction of S. mutans was observed at the concentration of 2.5% (P = 0.0443). Conclusion: The BRP extract in the form of dental varnish has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and constitutes a possible alternative in the prevention of dental caries.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare between Propolis and Triple Antibiotic Paste as root canal medicaments in eradication of Enterococcus faecalis. Material and Methods: for this study, 60 extracted human teeth were used. After their decapitation, they were initially instrumented to reach 20 K-file, later they were separated into 2 sets according to the medicament used; Group A1: Triple antibiotic paste Group A2: Propolis paste (30 specimens in each group). After sterilization of all samples inoculation was performed with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212) over a period of 21 days. Preparation of all samples was done using Step- back technique to reach #50 file, irrigation using sodium hypochlorite solution of 2.6% concentration and EDTA, then intracanal medicaments were applied. First sample (S1) was collected after inoculation of bacteria into root canals. Second sample (S2) was collected after undergoing instrumentation and irrigation. Third sample (S3) was taken following application of medicament. Fourth sample (S4) was taken following application of sterile cotton pellet and temporary restoration for seven days. BHI agar was used for culturing of samples then went under incubation to count CFU's. Results: There was a significant difference between different samples where (p ≤ 0.05) and there was a continuous decrease of (mean ±SD) value starting from (S1) till (S4). Pairwise comparisons for both medicaments showed all samples to be significantly different from each other. Conclusion: Antimicrobial activity of Propolis against E. faecalis was found to be greater than that of TAP and can be used as a short-term intracanal medicament.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the decision-making by patients to replace temporary restorations with permanent restorations after endodontic treatment and to verify the associated factors and evaluate the quality/integrity of the temporary restorative material within one month. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling which analyzed patients after one month of endodontic treatment. The self-administered questionnaire contained sociodemographic, treatment decision-making and endodontic treatment questions. The restoration present in the mouth was evaluated in the clinical oral examination. The Poisson Regression test was used to verify the prevalence ratio. Results The prevalence failure to perform permanent restorations was 61.1% of patients, and 42.7% reported not having adhered. The reasons are lack of time and not knowing the importance of replacing the restoration with a definitive one. The glass ionomer temporary restorative frequency was higher among those who chose not to replace the temporary restoration with a permanent one (PR=5.19; 95%CI 2.10-12.33). In addition, there was an association between the quality of the restorative material and the type of material, and the best clinical quality of the restoration was statistically associated with glass ionomer and composite resin. Conclusions The findings show the importance of guidance by the dental surgeon in helping patients decide to replace their temporary restoration.

Title: Spectrophotometric assessment of tooth discoloration induced by various Antibiotic pastes. Aim: To evaluate tooth discoloration induced by various Antibiotic pastes using spectrophotometer. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted upper front tooth were selected for the study. Access opening was done and root canal of each tooth was instrumented with hand files. The tooth were then randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A (Triple antibiotic paste: Ciprofloxacin+ Metronidazole+Minocycline), Group B (Modified Triple antibiotic paste: Ciprofloxacin+ Metronidazole+ Clindamycin) and Group C (Double antibiotic paste: Ciprofloxacin+ Metronidazole). In all the groups, medicaments were only applied inside the root canals of the teeth and access cavity was sealed with cotton pellet and temporary restoration. Spectrophotometric readings were obtained from buccal surface of the teeth immediately after placing the medicaments (Baseline data) and at 1 week and after 2 months. Based on spectrophotometric readings at different time interval, ∆E was then calculated. Data were analyzed using 2-way (ANOVA) tests. Results: The maximum color change (ΔE) was observed at 2 months with Triple antibiotic paste (p < 0.0001) followed by Modified Triple antibiotic paste. No significant color change was noted with Double antibiotic paste. Conclusion: Antibiotic paste should be used judiciously inside the root canals of teeth to eliminate chronic root canal infection due to risk of tooth discoloration. Double antibiotic paste is a more promising option.

The continuous welded rail track is the main design of the track used by the railways and can be operated in accordance with the technical requirements established by the railways on the tracks of all classes. The paper presents the calculation of the possibility of laying a continuous welded rail track. Analysis of works on temporary and final restoration of welded rail strings is carried out. At the final restoring, rail strings can be welded by electric contact or aluminum thermite welding. Depending on the location of cropped rail or the place of temporary restoration relative to the ends of the restored rail string, the final restoration by electric contact welding can be carried out with tightening of the welded rail string or with its preliminary bending. Final restoration of rail strings by aluminum-thermite welding can be carried out immediately after identification of a dangerous defect requiring cutting or after temporary restoration of the string. Laying of continuous welded track with or without replacement of the assembled rails and sleepers should be carried out in accordance with the projects and technologies approved by the railways. When planning work, it is necessary to take into account daily and long-term forecasts of the rail temperature. During the work, continuous monitoring of the rail temperature, carried out with the help of portable rail thermometers, should be organized.

Recent burgeoning development in material science has introduced a 3D-printable, nanohybrid composite resin restorative material. However, its performance has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the stain susceptibility and efficacy of different stain removal techniques. A total of 120 labial veneers were fabricated using milling (n = 60) and SLA 3D-printing (n = 60). Based on the immersion media: coffee, tea and artificial saliva, each group was divided into three sub-groups (n = 20). Stain susceptibility was evaluated by calculating color difference (∆E00) at 12 and 24 days using a spectrophotometer against black and white backgrounds. Collected data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p &lt, 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found between the staining mediums and fabrication methods in both black and white backgrounds (p &lt, 0.001). 3D-printed restorations showed significantly higher stain susceptibility than milled restorations (p &lt, 0.001). Prolonged immersion time increased the color difference in both groups. In-office bleaching was more effective in stain removal in both 3D-printed and milled restoration groups. The susceptibility of the presented novel 3D-printed restorative material to color changes in different immersion mediums was clinically not-acceptable. The clinicians might expect the need to replace the restoration after 1–2 years and thus, recommendation for the use of such a material as a permanent restoration cannot be made but rather as a long-term temporary restoration.

Objective: To compare the removal efficacy of propolis and calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal using manual irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University for two months. Thirty single-rooted upper or lower permanent anterior teeth with sound root and closed apex were selected. After cleaning and shaping of canal by protaper rotary, teeth were randomly divided into two groups. In group “A,” propolis paste was placed while calcium hydroxide was placed inside root canals in group “B,” followed by temporary restoration. After seven days, intracanal medicament was removed using 25 # K file and irrigated canal by 5 ml of 3.0% sodium hypochlorite. A final irrigation of 2-ml of 17% EDTA for three minutes followed by 1-ml of normal saline was performed. A diamond disc was used to cut the crowns of the teeth from cemento-enamel junction and divide the roots into two halves. These sectioned halves were then observed under a stereomicroscope at 7X magnification and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop. Magnetic lasso tool was used to calculate the percentage of residual medicament in the canals by comparing the pixel proportion of the medicament with the total pixel proportion of the canal. Paired t-test was used to see the difference in the number of remaining remnants between propolis and calcium hydroxide. A p-value of less than 0.5 was considered statistically significant. Results: A statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.001) was observed in the percentage of remaining remnants between propolis (23.22%) and calcium hydroxide (38.58%) after thorough irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Conclusion: Propolis is superior to calcium hydroxide in terms of their removal potency from the root canal after thorough irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4241 How to cite this:Ahmed MA. Removal efficacy of propolis/calcium hydroxide medicaments from the root canal. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4241 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Aim: In this study was evaluated the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with different restorative materials. Methods: Sixty maxillary premolars were submitted to the same mesio-occlusal-distal cavity preparation, endodontic treatment and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Coltosol Group – GCO restored with calcium silicate material; Glass Ionomer Cement Group – GGIC, restored with Maxxion R; Modified Glass Ionomer Cement – GMGIC, restored with Gold Label 2; Composite Group - GC, restored with Z100, and the positive control group (GP) - left unrestored. One group remained intact (n=10) serving as negative control (GN). Samples were subjected to fracture resistance testing by the universal testing machine until fracture occurred and was registered in newtons (N). Fracture pattern was assessed and described as favorable or unfavorable. The results were statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test with significant statistical difference at P < 0.05. Results: Higher fracture resistance results were found for GC (1,128.35 ± 249.17), GMGIC (1,250.77 ± 173.29), and GN (1,277.22 ± 433.44) (P < .05). More favorable fractures were observed in the GCO (6), GC (7), and GN (7) (P < .05). Conclusion: Teeth restored with composite and modified GIC presented the same resistance as intact teeth. Teeth restored with Coltosol and GGIC presented similar resistance to unrestored teeth. Objetivo: En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a la fractura de premolares maxilares tratados endodónticamente restaurados con diferentes materiales restauradores. Métodos: Sesenta premolares maxilares fueron sometidos a la misma preparación de cavidad mesio-oclusal-distal, tratamiento endodóntico y divididos en 5 grupos (n = 10): Grupo Coltosol - GCO restaurado con material de silicato de calcio; Grupo de cemento de ionómero de vidrio - GCIV, restaurado con Maxxion R; Cemento de ionómero de vidrio modificado - GCIM, restaurado con Gold Label 2; Grupo compuesto - GC, restaurado con Z100, y el grupo de control positivo (GP) - dejado sin restaurar. Un grupo permaneció intacto (n = 10) sirviendo como control negativo (GN). Las muestras se sometieron a pruebas de resistencia a la fractura mediante la máquina de prueba universal hasta que se produjo la fractura y se registró en newtons (N). El patrón de fractura se evaluó y describió como favorable o desfavorable. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente mediante un análisis de varianza de 1 vía y la prueba de Tukey post hoc con una diferencia estadística significativa a P

Coronal leakage is an important factor contributing to the failure of endodontic treatment. The use of an efficient temporary restoration between sessions of multiple-visit pulpectomies is irrefutable. Two cements have long been used in endodontics—IRM, which is a reinforced zinc oxide cement and Cavit G, a calcium sulphate based cement. The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of nano silver containing UDMA-based cements with routinely used zinc oxide and calcium sulphate-based temporary cements in primary teeth. Standardized access cavities of 3 × 3 mm were prepared in the sixty caries-free primary molars. The teeth were divided randomly into four groups of 14 teeth each—Group I: IRM, Group II: Cavit G, Group III: Orafil-G and Group IV: Dia-Temp. Temporary restorative materials were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling and then immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h. The specimens were sectioned and evaluated under a digital microscope at 20× magnification and were scored for microleakage. The collected data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Dia-Temp presented the least microleakage values. The highest score for microleakage was shown by IRM followed by Orafil-G and Cavit-G. There was a significant difference between IRM and Diatemp groups (p value = 0.009), and among Orafil G and Diatemp groups (p value = 0.025). Among the four materials tested, Dia-Temp exhibited the best sealing ability and its use is recommended in between sessions of endodontic treatment in primary teeth.

Ranging from the extraction of teeth from anterior sector commitment to the loss of bone and soft tissues, alveolar preservation is a regenerative technique that employs biomaterials that induce the preservation of bone tissue and minimize resorption. Placement of provisional restorations at the defect site maintains the stability of the soft tissues and aesthetics at which the definitive restoration is found. The objective of this clinical case was alveolar preservation postextraction of the anterior tooth that presented a coronal fracture, placing the clinical crown of the extracted tooth as the provisional restoration to maintain stability and to avoid soft tissue collapse and compromise to an aesthetic area.