Search

Objectives: The internal acoustic meatus is an osseous canal that connects the inner ear to the posterior cranial fossa. It is located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A thin cribriform osseous plate known as the fundus is situated at the lateral end of the canal. This study assesses the structural and numerical variations of the fundus formations. Methods: Fifty-four temporal bones of unknown gender and age were examined with the surgical microscope. Results: The temporal bones analyzed were 46.2% right-sided and 53.7% left-sided. Only one temporal bone had two parallel transverse crests, while three had a single anterior crest that split into two branches posteriorly. The number of foramina at the transverse crest varied, with 29.6% having none, 48.1% having a single foramen, and 22.2% having several foramina. An anterior crest structure was seen in 53.7% of the temporal bones, with 5% having a slightly constricted entry to the facial canal. In cases with a single nerve foramen, 48.1% had one, while 51.8% had more than one, including examples with three or four foramina. A crest was found between the foramina of the single nerve in 7% of patients. Furthermore, a crest between the saccular nerve foramen and the high fiber foramina was seen in 25.9% of cases, and 5% had two saccular nerve foramina. Conclusion: We think that revealing the anatomical, structural and numerical variations in the fundus will be useful in explaining the disease-symptom relationship. Level of evidence: Level 4.

In this paper, the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation, also known as the continuation problem, is considered. The continuation problem is reduced to a boundary inverse problem for a well-posed direct problem. A generalized solution to the direct problem is obtained and an estimate of its stability is given. The inverse problem is reduced to an optimization problem solved using the gradient method. The convergence of the Landweber method with respect to the functionals is compared with the convergence of the Nesterov method. The calculation of the gradient in discrete form, which is often used in the numerical solutions of the inverse problem, is described. The formulation of the conjugate problem in discrete form is presented. After calculating the gradient, an algorithm for solving the inverse problem using the Nesterov method is constructed. A computational experiment for the boundary inverse problem is carried out, and the results of the comparative analysis of the Landweber and Nesterov methods in a graphical form are presented.

The article discusses the application of quaternion Fourier transforms and quaternion algebra to transform Maxwell’s equations. This makes it possible to present the problem of magnetotelluric sensing (MTS) in a more convenient form for research. Studies of the inverse MTS problem for multi-layer regions are presented using the differential evolution method, which demonstrates high convergence. For single-layer regions, a new method for solving inverse problems based on minimizing the quadratic functional using conjugate optimization methods is considered. Numerical results obtained using special Python libraries are presented, with analysis and conclusions.

Introduction: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common vestibular disorder that accounts for one fifth of hospital admissions due to vertigo, although it is commonly undiagnosed. Objective: To evaluate the effects of betahistine add-on therapy in the treatment of subjects with posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in a population of 100 subjects with posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Subjects were divided into the Epley maneuver + betahistine group (group A) and Epley maneuver only (group B) group. Subjects were evaluated before and 1-week after the maneuver using a visual analog scale and dizziness handicap inventory Results: One hundred subjects completed the study protocol. The Epley maneuver had an overall success rate of 95% (96% in group A; 94% in group B, p = 0.024). Groups A and B had similar baseline visual analog scale scores (6.98 ± 2.133 and 6.27 ± 2.148, respectively, p = 0.100). After treatment, the visual analog scale score was significantly lower in both groups, and was significantly lower in group A than group B (0.74 ± 0.853 vs. 1.92 ± 1.288, respectively, p = 0.000). The change in visual analog scale score after treatment compared to baseline was also significantly greater in group A than group B (6.24 ± 2.01 vs. 4.34 ± 2.32, respectively, p = 0.000). The baseline dizziness handicap inventory values were also similar in groups A and B (55.60 ± 22.732 vs. 45.59 ± 17.049, respectively, p = 0.028). After treatment, they were significantly lower in both groups. The change in score after treatment compared to baseline was also significantly greater in group A than group B (52.44 ± 21.42 vs. 35.71 ± 13.51, respectively, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The Epley maneuver is effective for treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Betahistine add-on treatment in posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo resulted in improvements in both visual analog scale score and dizziness handicap inventory.

In Kazakhstan, air pollution in industrial cities poses a significant challenge that requires urgent attention. This study investigates the dispersion of harmful pollutants in the air across nine prominent industrial cities in Kazakhstan. The research involves modeling the emissions from major pollution sources for each city, which provides a comprehensive view of how these substances spread through the atmosphere. The study also examines the distribution patterns of these pollutants to gauge their concentration levels in each urban area. Additionally, it addresses the inverse problem of data assimilation from automated monitoring stations (AMS), aiming to refine the information on pollution sources. By utilizing the conjugate equations method, the study successfully converged to an accurate solution. Detailed visualizations for Almaty, Ust-Kamenogorsk, and Pavlodar illustrate the pollution dynamics and pinpoint the most affected regions. These findings are crucial for formulating strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of industrial emissions on both the environment and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the results of multi-year comprehensive scientific research conducted in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River. The primary material for the study consisted of our own collections of ichthyological material of fish populations to determine their current status in fisheries. The research focused on various groups and statuses of carp fish. As a result of the study, the current composition of carp fish fauna in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, their ecological characteristics, and their commercial status in connection with the anthropogenic transformation of the river's hydrological regime were identified. Under these conditions, research is being conducted to create sustainable fish resources and their effective utilization, including the study of alternative water sources in the Southern Aral Sea region.

This paper proposes a new approach to predicting the distribution of harmful substances in the atmosphere based on the combined use of the parameter estimation technique and machine learning algorithms. The essence of the proposed approach is based on the assumption that the concentration values predicted by machine learning algorithms at observation points can be used to refine the pollutant concentration field when solving a differential equation of the convection-diffusion-reaction type. This approach reduces to minimizing an objective functional on some admissible set by choosing the atmospheric turbulence coefficient. We consider two atmospheric turbulence models and restore its unknown parameters by using the limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. Three ensemble machine learning algorithms are analyzed for the prediction of concentration values at observation points, and comparison of the predicted values with the measurement results is presented. The proposed approach has been tested on an example of two cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, due to the lack of data on pollution sources and their intensities, an approach for identifying this information is presented.

In the world, air pollution ranks among the primary sources of risk to human health and the environment. To assess the risk of impact of atmospheric pollution, a comprehensive research cycle was designed to develop a unified ecosystem for monitoring air pollution in industrial cities in Kazakhstan. Research involves analyzing data for the winter period from 20 automated monitoring stations (AMS) located in Almaty and conducting chemical-analytical studies of snowmelt water samples from 22 points to identify such pollutants as fine particulate matters, petroleum products, and heavy metals. Research includes a bio-experiment involving the cultivation of watercress on samples of melt water collected from snow cover to examine the effects of pollution on plants. In the framework of this research, we determined API based on data obtained from AMS. In order to determine the influence of atmospheric pollution on the environment, a multiple regression model was developed using machine learning algorithms to reveal the relationship between the bio-experiment data and data on pollutants of chemical-analytical research. The results revealed a wide spread of pollutants in the snow cover of the urban environment, a correlation between pollutants in the snow cover and the airspace of the city, and their negative impact on flora.

Currently, methods and approaches of scientific visualization based on additional data analysis are being intensively developed due to the rapid development of computer technology in geology. The general concept is that the main data field on the day surface and additional conditions are specified at the input. Further, the methods of mathematical geophysics are used for their analysis and processing, as a result of which new information is obtained for deep exploration. Then visualization tools are applied to the obtained information and main data field in an information system. Thus, the information system is based on the synthesis of visual representation methods, methods of mathematical geophysics, computational mathematics, and various branches of science. This paper presents a description of the geoinformation system module for deep forecast search modeling of deposits developed on the base of the methods of intelligent anomalies detection of hidden deposits. Operation of the software module is based on the application of the theory of mathematical geophysics inverse problems using geological data on the Earth’s surface, geophysical measurements and geochemical analyses as input data. The software module for the inverse problem of the continuation of potential fields in the direction of perturbing masses is used for real data of a particular mineral deposit.

The process of designing and creating an integrated distributed information system for storing digitized works of scientists of research institutes of the Almaty academic city is analyzed. The requirements for the storage of digital objects are defined; a comparative analysis of the open source software used for these purposes is carried out. The system fully provides the necessary computing resources for ongoing research and educational processes, simplifying the prospect of its further development, and allows to build an advanced IT infrastructure for managing intellectual capital, an electronic library that is intended to store all books and scientific works of the Kazakhstan Engineering Technological University and research institutes of the Almaty academic city.

In this paper, the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation, also known as the continuation problem, is considered. The continuation problem is reduced to a boundary inverse problem for a well-posed direct problem. A generalized solution to the direct problem is obtained and an estimate of its stability is given. The inverse problem is reduced to an optimization problem solved using the gradient method. The convergence of the Landweber method with respect to the functionals is compared with the convergence of the Nesterov method. The calculation of the gradient in discrete form, which is often used in the numerical solutions of the inverse problem, is described. The formulation of the conjugate problem in discrete form is presented. After calculating the gradient, an algorithm for solving the inverse problem using the Nesterov method is constructed. A computational experiment for the boundary inverse problem is carried out, and the results of the comparative analysis of the Landweber and Nesterov methods in a graphical form are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Важным направлением развития методов численного моделирования являются исследования приближенных методов решения задач математической физики в сложных многомерных областях. Для решения многих прикладных задач в нерегулярных областях широко применяется метод фиктивных областей, отличающийся высокой степенью автоматизации программирования. Основная идея метода фиктивных областей состоит в том, что задача решается не в исходной сложной области, а в некоторой другой, более простой области. Это позволяет создавать программное обеспечение сразу для достаточно широкого класса задач с произвольными расчетными областями. Возможности применения метода фиктивных областей к задачам гидродинамики в переменных «функция тока, вихрь скорости» рассмотрены во многих работах. В настоящей работе исследуются численный метод решения уравнений Навье-Стокса в двухсвязных областях. Для решения двумерных уравнений Навье-Стокса в нерегулярных областях предложен приближенный метод на основе метода фиктивных областей. Разработан вычислительный конечно-разностный алгоритм решения вспомогательной задачи метода фиктивных областей. Приведены результаты численного моделирования двумерных уравнений Навье-Стокса методом фиктивных областей с продолжением по младшим коэффициентом. Для данной задачи был разработан параллельный алгоритм с использованием архитектуры CUDA, который был протестирован на различных размерностях сетки.

В работе проанализирован процесс проектирования и создания интегрированной распре- деленной информационной системы для хранения оцифрованных трудов ученых научно- исследовательских институтов Академгородка города Алматы. Проведен сравнительный ана- лиз двух систем хранения данных, Ceph и GlusterFS. Представлено описание программной ча- сти информационной системы, которая состоит из четырех подсистем: хранилища цифровых объектов, подсистемы управления текущей исследовательской информацией, подсистемы ин- теграции распределенных информационных ресурсов, подсистемы доступа к распределенным информационным ресурсам на основе веб-технологий. Описана связь между подсистемами и их интеграция. Определены требования к хранилищу цифровых объектов; проведен сравни- тельный анализ программного обеспечения с открытым исходным кодом, используемого для этих целей. Система в полной мере обеспечивает необходимыми вычислительными ресурса- ми проводимые научные исследования и образовательные процессы, упрощая перспективу дальнейшего его развития, и позволяет построить передовую IT-инфраструктуру управления интеллектуальным капиталом, электронной библиотекой, в котором будут храниться все книги и научные труды Казахстанского инженерно-технологического университета и научно- исследовательских институтов Академгородка города Алматы.

Aim:Recurrent Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and vestibular hypofunction (VH) can be co-diagnosed in some patients. We aimed to sight the relationship between the recurrent BPPV and VH, and to evaluate the change in the VH prevelance according to recurrent BPPV duration.Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of 416 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent BPPV. Demographic features of the patients, co-diagnosis frequency of recurrent BPPV and VH, and the change in the VH prevelance according to recurrent BPPV duration were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups for having BPPV attacks for more than 12 months or less than 12 months. Both groups were compared in terms of VH prevalence.Results:VH was co-diagnosed in 61.7% of patients with BPPV. The age of the recurrent BPPV patients with VH was significantly higher than the patients without VH (p

This article is devoted to the construction and study of the finite element method for solving a two-dimensional nonlinear equation of elliptic type. Equations of this type arise in solving many applied problems, including problems of the theory of multiphase filtering, the theory of semiconductor devices, and many others. The relevance of the study of this problem is associated with the need to develop effective parallel methods for solving this problem. To discretize the equation, a mixed finite element method with Brezzi-Douglas-Marini elements is used. The issue of the convergence of the finite element method is investigated. To linearize the equation, the Picard iterative method is constructed. Two classes of basis functions of finite elements are used in the paper. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of several direct and iterative methods for solving the resulting system of linear algebraic equations is carried out, including the method based on the Bunch-Kaufman LDLt factorization, the method of minimal residuals, the symmetric LQ method, the stabilized biconjugate gradient method, and a number of other iterative Krylov subspace algorithms with preconditioners based on incomplete LU decomposition. The method has been tested on several model problems by comparing an approximate solution with a known exact solution. The results of the analysis of the method error in various norms depending on the diameter of the mesh are presented.

This paper deals with the issues of creating machine and tractor enterprises (MTE) using the logistics principles in the village councils of the Kyrgyz Republic. The main restraining factors for creation and construction of the MTE have been identified. The regional peculiarity of this problem is analyzed and solutions with detailed calculations and scientific research were proposed. On the basis of many years of scientific research the problem tree of absence and creation of MTE in the village councils of the Kyrgyz Republic was compiled. The results of the study, specific recommendations on creation of MTE with the application of logistics principles in the village councils of the Kyrgyz Republic are arranged and given in the design matrix of this project. The criteria for success in the successful implementation of this project have been determined.

Researchers from the Republic of Karakalpakstan are conducting continuous monitoring on the Aral Sea, studying artemia from various perspectives, as it is an interesting object from both a biological and applied perspective. This work is also being carried out jointly with the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This paper presents the results of long-term comprehensive scientific research conducted on the Aral Sea. The main material for the study was our own collection of hydrobiological samples collected from the Western basin of the Aral Sea. As a result of the research, the dynamics of artemia resource development has been determined.

Although otosclerosis surgery is considered an effective treatment option, there is an incidence of surgical failure that necessitates revision operations. Here, we report a case of revision otosclerosis surgery and propose a new technique for reconstruction of the eroded long process of the incus using a metal wire obtained from a Shepard grommet tympanostomy tube and ionomer bone cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the application of quaternion Fourier transforms and quaternion algebra to transform Maxwell's equations. This makes it possible to present the problem of magnetotelluric sensing (MTS) in a more convenient form for research. Studies of the inverse MTS problem for multi-layer regions are presented using the differential evolution method, which demonstrates high convergence. For single-layer regions, a new method for solving inverse problems based on minimizing the quadratic functional using conjugate optimization methods is considered. Numerical results obtained using special Python libraries are presented, with analysis and conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]