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A member of the string instrument family, the chinrest, which allows the violin and viola to be held more comfortably, was designed by Louis Spohr, a violinist, composer, conductor and musicologist who lived in 1784-1859. It was invented in the 19th century. It has been observed that the invention of the chinrest had significant effects on the performance technique of violin and viola performers. The chinrest has reached our days by changing its shape and diversity in the historical process. With repetitive movements performed by violin and viola performers during their many years of work, Temporomandibular joint disorders occur due to excessive use of the jaw in an inappropriate position. This condition becomes chronic and affects the performance and health of people. It has also been found that most of those with temporomandibular disorders have a habit of squeezing teeth called bruxism. In this research, the effect of structural differences of the jaw joint on performance in violin and viola performers will be discussed. Considering the physiological problems of the performers during the performance, in order to reduce the problems in the jaw discs and bone caused by squeezing the jawbone, the need to develop a chinrest design created with ergonomic materials has emerged. Within this context, based on all previous exemplary ergonomic model studies, methods of softening the chinrest material are presented. It is thought that improving the chinrest design by softening it with a material that takes a personalized shape will enable the performer to perform in a healthier and more comfortable way.

Background. To assess markers of vascular dysfunction and risk in postpartum women with a history of severe preeclampsia. Methods. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measured by ultrasonography, and lipid profile and insulin resistance evaluated by biochemical assays were compared between 34 women with a history of severe preeclampsia and 42 women with a prior normal pregnancy at least 1224 months postpartum. Results. CIMT was higher and FMD lower in the preeclamptic than in the control group. We found a significant inverse correlation between CIMT and FMD in the preeclamptic group, but no difference in lipid profiles and insulin resistance between the groups. Conclusions. Women with a history of severe preeclampsia exhibit early structural and functional preatherosclerotic vascular impairment, which might explain their higher risk of future cardiovascular disease. (c) Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:145-150, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.21962

Parapagus (laterally fused), diprosopus (two faces), dibrachius (two upper extremities), dipus (two lower extremities) conjoined twinning is extremely rare. The coexistence of anencephaly with a contiguous spinal defect (craniorachischisis totalis) makes the present case one of the rarest of the published cases. In our case, it was difficult to make the final diagnosis by two-dimensional abdominal and vaginal ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound was helpful for final diagnosis and post-abortal examination confirmed the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. The heart, diaphragm, liver and perineum were all united. Fine dissection of the heart showed four vessels arising from the ventricles and a membranous type ventricular septal defect.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors, prevalance, epidemiological parameters and maternal-perinatal outcome in pregnant women with hypertensive disorder. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken on 255 consecutive cases of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy who were managed at Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from June 1997 to November 2004. Demographic data involving age, parity, gestational week, clinical and laboratory findings were recorded from the medical files. Additionally delivery route, indications of cesarean section, fetal and maternal complications were determined. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS programme using Kruskal Wallis nonparametric test, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and chi-square tests. Results: Of 5,155 deliveries in our clinic during the defined period, 438 cases (8.49%) were managed as hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Medical records of 255 cases could be avaliable. Of 255 cases, 138 patients (54.11%) were found to have severe preeclampsia while 88 cases (34.50%) were diagnosed as mild preeclampsia. Twenty-nine patients (11.37%) were suffering from chronic hypertension. Of 138 severely preeclamptic cases, 28 cases (11%) had eclamptic convulsion and another 28 patients (11%) were demonstrated to have HELLP syndrome. Intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, placental ablation were the obstetric complications in 75 (29.4%), 49 (19.2%), 19 (7.5%) cases, respectively. Additionally multiple pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus were noted in 5.9% (n:15) and 3.9% (n:10) of the patients. Delivery route was vaginal in 105 patients (41.2%) while 150 patients (58.8%) underwent cesarean section with the most frequent indication to be fetal distress in 69 cases (46%). Cesarean section rate seemed to be the lowest (48.3%) in chronic hypertensive women while the highest (63.8%) in severe preeclamptic patients. Maternal mortality occured in 3 cases (1.2%) and all of those cases were complicated with HELLP syndrome. Intracranial bleeding was the cause of maternal death in one case while the other two cases were lost due to acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation, respectively. Intrauterine fetal demise was recorded in 24 cases on admission. Ten fetuses died during the intrapartum period. Mean gestational age and birth weight were 28±3.5 and 1000±416 g, respectively in this group. In these ten women, five cases were diagnosed as HELLP syndrome, two were severely preeclamptic and three were eclamptic. Perinatal mortality rate was found to be 144/1,000 births Conclusion: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is associated with increased risk of maternal-perinatal adverse outcome. The complications of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia could be prevented by more widespread use of prenatal care, education of primary medical care personnel, prompt diagnosis of high-risk patients and timely referral to tertiary medical centers.

The dance project "Three" which is the subject of this article, reveals both physical and intellectual reflections of the personal experiences, observations and ideas of Sernaz Demirel Temel-the choreographer of this performance, collected within the scope of human relations and behavior. Dance Project "Three", involves a synthesis of the conclusions drawn from the International Human Rights Declaration, the documentary of Peter Jackson "Zeitgeist" and the book "A New World" by German author Eckhart Tolle. "Three" has been developed by transforming the ideas attained starting out from all these various sources and inputs, into an artistic work by means of a dance project. Consequently even though each performance has a choreography that consists of formerly prepared movements and flows, with the impact of the dancers and the spectators who represent the human factor of the work, a new performance always differentiates from both the preceding and the following ones.Art is a phenomenon, at all times making people stop and think, question and seek for the better and the truest of all., Makalenin konusunu oluşturan "Üç" isimli dans projesi; performansın koreografı olan Sernaz Demirel Temel`in insan ilişkileri ve davranışları kapsamındaki kişisel deneyimlerinin, gözlemlerinin ve fikirlerinin hem fiziksel hem de entelektüel yansımalarını ortaya koymaktadır. "Üç" dans projesi, Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Beyannamesi, Peter Jackson`un yönetmenliğini yaptığı "Zeitgeist" belgesel filmi ve Alman yazar Eckhart Tolle`ün "Yeni Dünya" adlı kitabından çıkarılan sonuçların sentezini içerir. "Üç", tüm bu kaynak ve verilerden yola çıkılarak ulaşılan fikirlerin bir dans projesi aracılığı ile bir sanatsal yapıta dönüştürülmesinden ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, her bir performans; önceden hazırlanmış hareketlerden ve akıştan oluşan bir koreografiye sahip olsa da, işin insan faktörünü temsil eden dansçı ve izleyici unsurlarının da etkisiyle, her zaman hem bir öncekinden hem de bir sonrakinden farklılaşmaktadır. Sanat, her zaman insanları durup düşünmeye, sorgulamaya, daha iyisinin, daha doğrusunun ne olabileceğini araştırmaya sevk eden bir olgudur.

`İzole` isimli bu tez çalışmasında, koreograf Tan Temel'in yaşadığı, sanatsal olarak beslendiği ve sanatsal üretimini yaptığı sosyal çevrenin koşullarını, problemlerini incelediği; bunların kendisi üzerindeki psikolojik ve fiziksel yansımalarını araştırarak özgün bir anlatımla sahneye koyduğu dans koreografisinin araştırma ve yapım aşaması anlatılmaktadır. Koreograf sıkışmışlık, hareketsizlik, yorgunluk, iletişimsizlik, özgürleşememe, özgürleşme arzusu, baskı altına alınma, zorlanma, dayatma, cinsellik, ait olma, sahiplenme, duvarlar, kapatma, kapatılma korkusu, inşa etme, yıkma, yıkım, tortu gibi kendi gözlemlerinden yola çıkarak belirlediği kavramsal motivasyonları incelemiş ve bunları dans koreografisine dönüştürmüştür. `İzole`de bahsi geçen dinamiklerden yola çıkılarak günümüz hayatına uygun bir şekilde küçük bir oda içinde yaşam döngüsünü sürdüren izole olmuş iki birey üzerinden 21. yüzyılın bireyi ve içinde bulunduğu durum sorgulanır. Bu tez çalışması yedi bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünün ardından, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü bölümlerde tezin kavramsal çerçevesini oluşturan motivasyonlar incelenmektedir.Beşinci bölümde, koreografın stüdyoda çalışma sürecini, koreografinin oluşum aşamalarını ve bölümleri anlatılmaktadır. Altıncı bölüm, mekan, ışık, kostüm, sahne tasarımı ve müzik unsurlarının hazırlık aşamasını ve bunların hareket dizinleri ile birleşme süreci anlatılmaktadır. Sonuç Bölümünde, değişen toplumsal ve sosyal yapıların, ortaya çıkardığı kaçınılmaz sonuç nedir sorusunun yanıtı; bireyin izole olması, sınırlanma, bozulan direkt iletişim ve hareketsizleşen bedenler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Kavramsal sorgulamaların çerçevesinde dansçıların ve diğer sanatçıların kendi yüzleşmelerini ve iç hesaplaşmalarını içeren koreografide, bu döngünün devam ettiği/edeceği sonucuna varılır. Bu durum koreografinin hareket kalitesine, sahne tasarımına da döngüsel bir form olarak yansır. Performans, dansçıların koreografinin başında olduğu gibi daire şeklinde koşması ile bir başka başlangıca gitmek üzere sonlanır.Anahtar Kelimeler: İzolasyon, Duvar, Yalnızlık, Bloke Olma, İlişkiler This thesis study entitled `Isolated (İzole)`, depicts the research and production process of the dance choreography genuinely staged by choreographer Tan Temel based on an analysis of the conditions and problems of the social environment he lives in, takes nourishment from and creates artistic productions for and the investigation of psychological and physical reflections of these inflicted on him.The choreographer, based upon his own observations, has analyzed conceptual motivations such as; the feeling of entrapment, inactiveness, tiredness, lack of communication, not being able to become free, the desire for freedom, suppression, pressure, imposition, sexuality, belonging, appropriation, walls, confinement, fear of confinement, building, tearing down, destruction, remainder etc., and has incorporated these into a dance choreography.Setting forth from dynamics mentioned in `Isolated`, the 21st century individual and his status, is being questioned through two isolated people continuing their life cycle within a small room in accordance with today's way of living. This thesis study consists of seven sections. After the introduction part, in the second, third and fourth sections, motivations constituting the conceptual framework of this thesis have been analyzed.In the fifth section, the working phase of the choreographer in the studio and the creation stages and parts of the choreography have been put forward.The preparation process for the venue, lighting, costumes, stage design and music and their integration with the movement sequence, has been recited in the sixth section.The answer to the question as to what the inevitable result caused by changing societal and social structures is, confronts us in the final section as isolated individuals, limitations, deformation of direct ways of communication and inactive bodies.In this choreography which involves the confrontations and soul searching of the dancers and other artists involved within a frame of conceptual examination, and it is concluded that this is an ongoing/everlasting cycle. This condition reflects on both the movement quality and stage design of the choreography as a cyclic form as well. Heading for another beginning, the performance reaches an end with the circular run of the dancers just as the choreography had started. Key words: Isolation, Wall, Loneliness, Being Blocked, Relationships 152

Parapagus (laterally fused), diprosopus (two faces), dibrachius (two upper extremities), dipus (two lower extremities) conjoined twinning is extremely rare. The coexistence of anencephaly with a contiguous spinal defect (craniorachischisis totalis) makes the present case one of the rarest of the published cases. In our case, it was difficult to make the final diagnosis by two-dimensional abdominal and vaginal ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound was helpful for final diagnosis and post-abortal examination confirmed the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. The heart, diaphragm, liver and perineum were all united. Fine dissection of the heart showed four vessels arising from the ventricles and a membranous type ventricular septal defect.

To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in 44 pregnancies complicated with HELLP syndrome and to investigate the role of platelet counts in its prognosis. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 44 patients with the diagnosis of hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count between June 1997 and January 2009 was performed. The patients were divided into two groups according to blood platelet count: platelet count

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