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Nanoparticles increase their availability and diversity in the environment day by day with the natural formation processes of the world geography and the development of advanced technological industry. Due to their intelligent and kaleidoscopic physico-chemical structural forms, they can cause toxic effects in various metabolic steps (in structural proteins, genetic structure, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, metabolic systems) in the organism. Despite these harmful situations some magnetite nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, dendrimers, polymeric and liposomic smart nanoparticles can be used in medical studies, pharmaceutical industry, nanotheranostic studies and molecular methods. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is used a model species in many study disciplines, has been used in many studies to reveal the potential toxic effects and positive effects of the tested nanoparticles. Both in vivo and in vitro test systems and interdisciplinary studies conducted in recent years were analyzed and evaluated via the traditional review method in the current study. Besides, many studies were grouped in order to obtain fast and efficient results on the characterization of nanoparticles and understanding their mechanism of action. A systematic search was conducted based on the keywords of this study in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Carrot², in May 2022. In addition to recognizing the toxic effects of nanoparticles, several studies were emphasized, in which the utilitarian status of nanoparticles in medical, pharmaceutical, molecular and genetic applied studies was understood more clearly day by day., Nanopartiküller, dünya coğrafyasının doğal oluşum süreçleri ve ileri teknolojik sanayinin gelişimi ile çevredeki bulunurluklarını ve çeşitliliğini her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Akıllı ve sürekli değişen fiziko-kimyasal yapısal formları nedeniyle organizmada çeşitli metabolik basamaklarda (yapı proteinlerinde, genetik yapıda, organellerde, hücrede, dokuda, organlarda, metabolik sistemlerde) toksik etkilere neden olabilmektedirler. Bu zararlı durumlara karşın altın nanopartiküller, gümüş nanopartiküller, nanoelmaslar, dendrimerler, polimerik ve lipozomik akıllı nanopartiküller gibi bazı manyetit nanopartiküller medikal çalışmalarda, eczacılık endüstrisinde, nanoteranostik çalışmalarda ve moleküler yöntemlerde kullanılabilmektedir. Birçok çalışma disiplininde model tür olarak kullanılan zebra balığı (Danio rerio) test edilen nanopartiküllerin potansiyel toksik etkileri ile pozitif etkilerini ortaya çıkarmak için bir çok çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Halihazırdaki bu çalışmayla son yıllardaki hem in vivo hem de in vitro test sistemleri ile interdisipliner boyutlu çalışmalar geleneksel derleme yöntemiyle araştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca nanopartiküllerin karakterizasyonları ile etki mekanizmalarını anlamak konusunda hızlı ve verimli sonuçlar almak için birçok çalışma gruplandırılmıştır. Mayıs 2022'de PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science ve Carrot² gibi veri tabanlarında bu çalışmanın anahtar kelimeleri baz alınarak sistematik bir tarama yapıldı. Nanopartiküllerin toksik etkilerinin anlaşılmasının yanı sıra medikal, eczacılık, moleküler ve genetik uygulamalı çalışmalarda nanopartiküllerin faydacı durumlarının her geçen gün daha da anlaşıldığı çeşitli çalışmalar vurgulanmıştır.

Compared with the conditional mean regression-based scalar-onfunction regression model, the scalar-on-function quantile regression is robust to outliers in the response variable. However, it is susceptible to outliers in the functional predictor (called leverage points). This is because the influence function of the regression quantiles is bounded in the response variable but unbounded in the predictor space. The leverage points may alter the eigenstructure of the predictor matrix, leading to poor estimation and prediction results. This study proposes a robust procedure to estimate the model parameters in the scalar-on-function quantile regression method and produce reliable predictions in the presence of both outliers and leverage points. The proposed method is based on a functional partial quantile regression procedure. We propose a weighted partial quantile covariance to obtain functional partial quantile components of the scalar-on-function quantile regression model. After the decomposition, the model parameters are estimated via a weighted loss function, where the robustness is obtained by iteratively reweighting the partial quantile components. The estimation and prediction performance of the proposed method is evaluated by a series of Monte-Carlo experiments and an empirical data example. The results are compared favorably with several existing methods. The method is implemented in an R package robfpqr.

The selection of parameters affects the surface roughness in the additive manufacturing process. This study aims to determine the optimal combination of input parameters for predicting and minimising the surface roughness of samples produced by Fused Deposition Modelling on a 3D printer using a cascade-forward neural network (CFNN) and genetic algorithm. Box–Behnken Design with four independent printing parameters at three levels is used, and 25 parts are fabricated with a 3D printer. Roughness tests are performed on the fabricated parts. Models generated by the hybrid algorithm achieve the best results for predicting and optimising surface roughness in 3D-printed parts. The surface roughness prediction accuracy of the trained CFNN with optimised parameters is more accurate compared to previous random test results.

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes are a promising class of materials for use in lithium-ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and flexibility. In this study, the effects of polymer architecture including linear, star, and hyperbranched and salt (lithiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)) concentration on the glass transition (Tg), microstructure, phase diagram, free volume, and bulk viscosity, all of which play a significant role in determining the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, have been systematically studied for PEO-based polymer electrolytes. The branching of PEO widens the liquid phase toward lower salt concentrations, suggesting decreased crystallization and improved ion coordination. At high salt loadings, ion clustering is common for all electrolytes, yet the cluster size and distribution appear to be strongly architecture-dependent. Also, the ionic conductivity is maximized at a salt concentration of [Li/EO ≈ 0.085] for all architectures, and the highly branched polymers displayed as much as three times higher ionic conductivity (with respect to the linear analogue) for the same total molar mass. The architecture-dependent ionic conductivity is attributed to the enhanced free volume measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Interestingly, despite the strong architecture dependence of ionic conductivity, the salt addition in the highly branched architectures results in accelerated yet similar monomeric friction coefficients for these polymers, offering significant potential toward decoupling of conductivity from segmental dynamics of polymer electrolytes, leading to outstanding battery performance.

In this study, new 4-chloro-5-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)phthalonitrile compound, containing bioactive thymoxy group, and its metal-free phthalocyanine and metallo-phthalocyanine derivatives were synthesized for the first time. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, UV–Vis, 1H-, and 13C-NMR (for phthalonitrile derivative), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (for phthalocyanine derivatives) and elemental analysis as well. The phthalocyanines showed excellent solubility in polar and nonpolar solvents without aggregation and absorb at long wavelengths with their high molar coefficient. In N,N-dimethylformamide, the effects of the type of central metal ions [metal-free, indium(III) acetate, lutetium(III) acetate, magnesium(II) or zinc(II)] in the phthalocyanine, containing bioactive thymoxy group, cavity on the spectroscopic, photophysical, and photochemical properties of the phthalocyanines were determined. These features are compared with each other. Lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanine did not show any fluorescence, while metal-free phthalocyanine and indium(III) acetate phthalocyanine showed low fluorescence. It was determined that magnesium phthalocyanine significantly enriched the fluorescence, and zinc phthalocyanine had appropriate and sufficient fluorescence. Lutetium(III) acetate and zinc(II), especially indium(III) acetate phthalocyanines, could produce large amounts of singlet oxygen. Metal-free and magnesium phthalocyanines had the capacity to produce sufficient singlet oxygen (it means production of enough amount of singlet oxygen by a photosensitizer candidate during PDT applications). All phthalocyanines have sufficient and suitable photostability (it means an ideal photosensitizer should be stable under light irradiation until complete its PDT activation, and it should be decomposed after its PDT activation so that it does not accumulate in the body). With these determined properties, magnesium(II), especially indium(III) acetate and zinc(II) phthalocyanines, may be suitable candidates as type II photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy applications. Lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanine may be a photosensitizer candidate in photocatalytic applications.

Objective Music is a very crucial art form that can evoke emotions, and the harmonious presence of the human voice in music is an impactful part of this process. As a result, vocals have had some significant effects on contemporary music. The mechanism behind the cochlear implant (CI) recipients perceiving different aspects of music is clear; however, how well they perceive vocal tuning within music it is not well known. Hence, this study evaluated the mistuning perception of CI recipients and compared their performance with normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Study Design, Setting, and Patients A total of 16 CI users (7 cisgender men, 9 cisgender women) and 16 sex-matched NH controls with an average age of 30.2 (±10.9; range, 19-53) years and 23.5 (±6.1; range, 20-37) years, respectively, were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the mistuning ability using the mistuning perception test (MPT) and assessed self-perceived music perception and engagement using the music-related quality-of-life questionnaire. Test performance was measured and reported on the item-response theory metric with a z score ranging from -4 to +4. Results A significant difference in the MPT scores was found between NH and CI recipients, whereas a significant correlation was noted between the music-related quality-of-life questionnaire-frequency subscale and MPT scores. No significant correlations were found between age, CI age, and CI usage duration and MPT performance. Conclusions This study revealed that musical mistuning perception is a limitation for CI recipients, similar to previously evaluated aspects of music perception. Hence, it is important to consider this aspect in the assessment of music perception, enjoyment, and music-based auditory interventions in CI recipients, as vocals are paramount in music perception and recreation. The MPT is a convenient and accessible tool for mistuning assessment in CI and hearing-aid users.

In this study, the effects of electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing groups in methyl benzoate esters, which are widely used in the fragrance industry, on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the compounds were investigated. Firstly, methyl benzoates with electron-withdrawing (NO2 and Cl groups) or electron-donating groups (CH3 and OCH3 groups) in the para position, which are commercial compounds, were synthesized, and extensively studied in terms of reaction conditions, and spectral data in their instrumental analysis methods. Then, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Among them, methyl 4-nitrobenzoate exhibited the highest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate was selected for cytotoxicity evaluation due to its high antioxidant activity, and while the results indicated a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, lower concentrations may still be considered for cosmetic applications. These findings suggest that antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity are directly related to the electron density of the molecule. Therefore, this very up-to-date research covers many implications for organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, biotechnology, and microbiology. Therefore, the results obtained may have great potential to be applied in the cosmetic industry and could be used as exceptionally useful information on alternative raw material selection for researchers in the fragrance industry. These results also suggest that methyl benzoates have potential as lead compounds for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic agents, but further studies are needed to fully explore their applications in various fields.

The presented work investigates the photon, charged particle and neutron radiation shielding performances of polyester-based composites filled with barite and/or tungsten boride by using experimental, theoretical, and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The amount of barite/tungsten boride varying from 0 wt% to 50 wt% in the material and polyester resin were exploited as filler and base materials, respectively. Experimental evaluation of BaWB composites has been performed with help of an HPGe detector based gamma spectrometer as well as 22Na, 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co radioactive point sources with energies in the range of 276.4–1332.5 keV. The experimental data were compared to those theoretically calculated in WinXCOM as well as Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, i.e., MCNP6, GEANT4 and FLUKA codes. The obtained mass attenuation coefficients for the produced composites were in good agreement with the results of MC simulations and WinXCOM software. Comparing to the other polymer composite samples, the sample with the maximum tungsten boride weight percentage has the best radiation shielding property because of having the highest attenuation coefficients and lowest absorption thicknesses.

Purpose: To examine the possible role of impramine and agmatine through a mTOR signal pathway on rat ovary after maternal separation stress-induced depression. Methods: Sprague Dawley neonatal female rats were divided into control, maternal separation (MS), MS+imipramine, and MS+agmatine groups. Rats were subjected to MS for 4 hours daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and pups were exposed to social isolation (SI) on PND23 for 37 days for model establishment treated with imipramine (30 mg/kg; ip) or agmatine (40 mg/kg; ip) for 15 days. In order to examine behavioral changes rats were all subjected to locomotor activity and forced swimming tests (FST). Ovaries were isolated for morphological evaluation, follicle counting and mTOR signal pathway protein expression levels were detected. Results: Increased number of primordial follicles and diminished ovarian reserve in the MS groups were detected. Imipramine treatment caused diminished ovarian reserve and atretic follicle; however, agmatine treatment provided the maintenance of ovarian follicular reserve after MS. mTOR signal pathway may have an important role during rat ovarian follicular development in model of MS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that agmatine may help to protect ovarian reserve during follicular development by controlling cell growth.

Electrochemical properties of MPcs were determined with electrochemical and in-situ spectroelectrochemical measurements to investigate the influence of the metal center and the number and positions of the substituents. While H2Pc only illustrated Pc based redox processes, the incorporation of TiO2+ and Cl−1-Mn3+ cations into the cavity of Pc ring considerably altered the redox richness of the complexes. Two metal-based reduction couples were observed in addition to the Pc-based processes for both of TiOPc and MnPc. Moreover, altering the number and position of 4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenoxy substituents slightly influenced the basic redox activity of Pc ring and metal centers. All of these results supported the proposed structure of the complexes. During the redox reactions, pronounced spectral changes were observed with the in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements which caused distinct color changes. Rich redox responses and pronounced spectral and color changes of the complexes indicated their worth as functional material in various electrochemical technologies.

Warburg micro syndrome (WARBM) is a rare, autosomal recessive, neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by microcephaly, cortical dysplasia, corpus callosum hypoplasia, congenital hypotonia leading to subsequent spastic quadriplegia, severe developmental delay and hypogenitalism. Ophthalmologic findings that may affect any ocular segment including characteristic, small, atonic pupils. WARBM is known to be caused by biallelic, pathogenic variants in at least five genes although additional genetic loci may exist. The RAB3GAP1 c.748 + 1G>A, p.Asp250CysfsTer24 founder variant has been described in families of Turkish ancestry. We report the clinical and molecular findings in three, unrelated, Turkish families with WARBM. A novel c.974-2A>G variant causing WARBM in three siblings of Turkish descent was found. Functional studies of the novel, c.2606 + 1G>A variant in patients\" mRNA revealed skipping of exon 22 which results in a premature stop codon in exon 23. However, the clinical consequences of this variant are blended given that the individual also had a maternally inherited chromosome 3q29 microduplication.

© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.In this study, we have synthesized a series of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-ol derivatives regioselectively from 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones using LiAlH4 at room temperature. Due to the presence of the restricted rotation around the N3-Caryl single bond, the formation of M/P isomers was observed. The OH group of the hemiaminal was found to orient itself on the same side with pyridyl nitrogen during this restricted rotation to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, which was demonstrated by the computational DFT study. This orientation presumably inhibited the occurrence of dehydration and stabilized the molecule.

IEEEWhile the zeitgeist of today prescribes localization as a key to eliminate the excessive transportation for manufacturing firms, firm-level practical and workable guidelines that go beyond maxims are scant. Laden with analytical methods, this paper offers a phronetic, customizable framework based on Lean Six Sigma (LSS). The framework mimics Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) process. The early phases of the framework, ex-ante, prescribe the use of a variety tools and techniques from Lean Six sigma (LSS) and employ fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to extract the vital few root-causes that may impede localization. The latter phases suggest the use of design of experiments (DOE) to evaluate the root-causes, ex-post. The paper outlines a clear and established procedure and demonstrates each analytical phase using evidence from a two-year real-world application in steel industry.

Backgrounds: Brucellosis is a systemic zoonotic disease. Osteoarticular (OA) system involvement is a common complication and the predominant manifestation of brucellosis in children. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic, demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory and radiologic findings of children with brucellosis and how these related to OA involvement. Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisted of all consecutive children and adolescents diagnosed as having brucellosis who were admitted to the pediatric infectious disease department of University of Health Sciences Van Research and Training Hospital between August 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018, in Turkey. Results: A total of 185 patients diagnosed as having brucellosis were evaluated, 50.8% had OA involvement (n = 94). Seventy-two patients (76.6%) exhibited peripheral arthritis involvement, among of them, hip arthritis (63.9%; n = 46) was the most common manifestation, followed by arthritis of knee (30.6%; n = 22), shoulder (4.2%; n = 3) and elbow (4.2%; n = 3). A total of 31 patients (33.0%) had sacroiliac joint involvement. Seven patients (7.4%) had spinal brucellosis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate level above 20 mm/h at admission and age were independent predictor of OA involvement (respectively odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% confidential interval [CI] = 1.41-5.64, ORperyear= 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19). Increasing age was associated types of OA involvement. Conclusion: A half of brucellosis cases had OA involvement. These results can help physicians to make early identification and diagnosis of childhood OA brucellosis who present with arthritis and arthralgia to enable the disease to be treated in time.

Bu çalışma kapsamında literatürde var olan tek kubit(kuantum bit) ışınlanma/telenakil (quantum teleportation) protokolünün çok kubit sistemlere genellenmesi incelenmiştir. Ardından, birden fazla hedefe telenakil olanakları tartışılarak, buna dair bir protokol önerilmiştir. Geliştirilen teorik çerçeve kapsamında, kubitler üzerinde değişiklik yapan kuantum mantık kapılarının da genellenmesi tartışılmıştır. Söz konusu kuantum mantık kapılarının genel versiyonları oluşturulmuş olup, literatürdeki özel durumlar için çalıştıkları gösterilmiştir. Işınlanmanın çok kubit-çok hedefe genellenmesi sonucu kurulan teorik çerçevede oluşan denklemlerin bir örüntü içerdiği belirlenmiş olup, bu örüntü aracılığı ile karmaşık tensör çarpımları ile tek tek uğraşmaksızın da protokolün gerçekleştirilebileceği bir yol önerilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında çok kubit - tek hedef, çok kubit – çok hedef protokollerine yönelik Python bilgisayar programları oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan programların, sunulan teorik çerçevenin ön gördüğü sonuçları başarılı bir şekilde ürettiği gözlenmiştir. Bu programlar aracılığı ile, uzun ve hata yapma olasılığı yüksek matematiksel işlemlerin kısa sürede ve hatasız yapılabilmesinin olanağı yaratılmıştır. Oluşturulan program sonuçları aynı zamanda, yukarıda bahsedilen örüntünün varlığını kanıtlamaktadır., Within the scope of this study, generalization of the single qubit (quantum bit) teleportation protocol to multi-qubit systems has been examined. Then, the possibilities of teleporting to more than one target were discussed and a protocol for this was proposed. Within the scope of the developed theoretical framework, the generalization of quantum logic gates that modify qubits is also discussed. General versions of these quantum logic gates have been created and they have been shown to work for special cases in the literature. It has been determined that the equations formed in the theoretical framework established as a result of the generalization of the teleportation to many qubits and many targets, contain a pattern, and a way to carry out the protocol without dealing with complex tensor products one by one is proposed through this pattern.Within the scope of the study, Python computer programs were created for multi-qubit - single target, multi-qubit - multi-target protocols. It has been observed that the created programs successfully produce the results predicted by the theoretical framework presented. Through these programs, it is possible to perform long and error-free mathematical operations in a short time. The generated program results also prove the existence of the above-mentioned pattern.

© 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.It is becoming crucial to design/fabricate eco-friendly, sustainable electronic and photonic devices to minimize the carbon footprint for future systems. In this study, we have demonstrated a steady photoresponse enhancement of the self-powered GaN ultraviolet photodetector (GaN-UVPD) via sequentially deposited gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) under 254, 302, and 365 nm UV light exposure. The AuNP-deposited GaN-UVPD exhibited excellent responsivity of 0.65 A/W and detectivity of 6.51 × 1012 cm.Hz1/2 W−1 under 302 nm UV light without any external power. Moreover, the sensitivity of the device increased from 1.98 × 106% to 3.32 × 106% following Au nanoparticle deposition. Additionally, the plausible mechanisms for the self-powered and Au nanoparticle-induced photoresponse enhancement have been discussed. In brief, the high-performance photoresponsivity of our self-powered GaN-UVPD could find many useful applications in sustainable energy and eco-friendly optoelectronic devices.

In this paper, we studyS-Principal ideal multiplication modules. LetA \" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">A A be a commutative ring with1≠0, S⊆A\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">1≠0, S⊆A1≠0, S⊆Aa multiplicatively closed set andM \" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">M M anA-module. A submoduleNofMis said to be anS-multipleofMif there exists∈S\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">s∈Ss∈Sand a principal idealIofAsuch thatsN⊆IM⊆N\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">sN⊆IM⊆NsN⊆IM⊆N.M \" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">M M is said to be anS-principal ideal multiplication moduleif every submoduleN \" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">N N ofM \" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">M M is anS-multiple ofM. Various examples and properties ofS-principal ideal multiplication modules are given. We investigate the conditions under which the trivial extensionA⋉M\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">A⋉MA⋉Mis anS⋉0\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\">S⋉0S⋉0-principal ideal ring. Also, we prove Cohen type theorem forS-principal ideal multiplication modules in terms ofS-prime submodules.

Human growth hormone (GH) is crucial modulator of cellular metabolisms, including cell proliferation and organ development, by stimulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has various functions such as cell proliferation, tissue growth, survival, or neuroprotection. Therefore, GH is implicated as a critical player in the cell and can enhance neurogenesis and provide neuroprotection during the treatment of neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, the neuroprotective role of GH was investigated in rotenone-induced PD models for the first time. Both SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells were exposed to rotenone to mimic PD pathogenesis as stated in previous studies. Our data demonstrated that overexpression of GH led to the resistance of the SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS cell lines to rotenone treatment. The levels of ER stress markers, CHOP, PERK, XBP-1, and ATF6, were higher in wt cells than GH+ SH-SY5Y cells. However, the level of autophagy markers LC3 increased and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased with the overexpression of GH. Furthermore, while rotenone significantly increased the SubG1 population in the cell cycle of SH-SY5Y wt cells, there was a minor alteration in GH+ cell population. Concomitantly, the levels of the proapoptotic marker, cleaved-PARP, and positive staining of Annexin V in SH-SY5Y wt cells were higher after rotenone treatment. Together, these results revealed that overexpression of GH enhanced the autophagy response by triggering the ER stress of SH-SY5Y cells to rotenone exposure and showed a neuroprotective effect in vitro PD models.

The treatment of boron(III) subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPcCl) with borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative consisting one pyrene group in toluene gave the corresponding axially substituted boron(III) subphthalocyanine dyad (SubPcBodiPy). Novel compound has been fully characterized by FTIR, mass, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Photophysical properties of SubPcBodiPy was investigated and compared with its precursors by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy in THF. Accordingly, fluorescence lifetimes were measured directly by single exponential calculation.

Günümüzde antibiyotik direncinin hızla yayılması ve yeni antimikrobiyal ajanların keşfedilmesinin zorluğu nedeniyle eski antibiyotiklerin yeniden kullanımı ve kombinasyon stratejileri ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Staphylococcus aureus'un ATCC 6538 suşuna karşı nisin ve kloramfenikolün kombinasyonel etkinliğini araştırdık. Nisin ve kloramfenikolün MİK değerleri sırasıyla >64 ve 32 µg/mL olarak bulundu. Nisin ve kloramfenikol arasındaki sinerjizmin incelenmesi için dama tahtası (Checkerboard) testi yapıldı. Ayrıca, antibiyofilm etkilerini değerlendirmek için kristal viole testi kullanıldı. Koloni biyofilm testi ve qRT-PCR yöntemleri kullanılarak çeşitli virülans genlerinin (agrA,spa, icaA ve saeR) ekspresyonları araştırıldı. Kombinasyonel uygulamada, nisin ve kloramfenikolün MİK değerlerinde azalma gözlendi. Ayrıca, kombinasyonel uygulamada, biyofilm oluşumu azalma gösterdi. Nisin, kloramfenikol ve kombinasyon uygulamalarında agrA geninin ekspresyon seviyesinin kontrole göre azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Diğer genlerin ekspresyon seviyeleri ise kontrole göre artış göstermiştir. Sonuçlarımız, nisin ve kloramfenikol kombinasyonlarının aktivitelerinin sinerjistik ve antibiyofilm aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, eski antibiyotiklerin kombinasyonel kullanımının önemine ışık tutmaktadır., Nowadays, due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance and the difficulty of discovering new antimicrobial agents, the reuse and combinational strategies of old antibiotics have come to the fore. In this study, we investigated the combinational efficacy of nisin and chloramphenicol against the ATCC 6538 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values of nisin and chloramphenicol were >64 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. The checkerboard assay was carried out for the inspection of synergism between nisin and chloramphenicol. Furthermore, the crystal violet assay was employed to assess antibiofilm effects. Additionally, the expressions of various virulence genes (agrA, spa, icaA and saeR) were investigated using the colony biofilm assay and qRT-PCR methods. In combination application, MIC values of nisin and chloramphenicol was decreased. In addition, biofilm formation was decreased.It was shown that the expression level of the agrA gene decreased compared to the control in the nisin, chloramphenicol and combinational applications. The expression levels of other genes were increased compared to the control. The results showed that the activities of nisin and chloramphenicol combinations had synergistic and antibiofilm activity. This study sheds light on the combinatorial use of older antibiotics.

Paracetamol is a popular analgesic drug and its overdose may cause toxicity in the kidney. Prunus laurocerasus L. (PL) is an important folklore medicinal plant that has antioxidant properties. This study explores effects of PL fruit water and ethanol-water extracts administrations on oxidative stress in paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups: control, negative control (2 g/kg paracetamol), PL fruit water extract (400 mg/kg PLW+ 2 g/kg paracetamol), PL fruit ethanol-water extract (400 mg/kg PLEW+ 2 g/kg paracetamol) and positive control (150 mg/kg NAC+ 2 g/kg paracetamol). 24 hours after the paracetamol induction, animals were sacrificed and oxidative parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically in kidney tissue. PLW and PLEW extracts decreased MDA and NOx levels and increased SOD and CAT activities in paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity. PL fruit extracts can restore the oxidative changes caused by paracetamol.

This study includes the design, synthesis and characterization of 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) functionalized maleic anhydride (MA)-vinyl acetate (VA) copolymer-based conjugate to develop a new formulation. The 1,2-phenylenediamine molecule is a fluorescent dye that allows designing new chemotherapeutic polymeric molecules. Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-vinyl acetate) [Poly(MA-alt-VA)] was obtained via charge transfer complex (CTC) radical polymerization presence of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), utilizing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) free-radical initiator at 80 °C, as a potential functional polymeric carrier. Structural characterization of the surface functionalized poly(MA-alt-VA)/1,2-PDA conjugate was performed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Spectroscopic methods and water solubility results confirmed that the conjugation took place successfully after the ring opening reaction by the amidation mechanism.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yetişen Dictamnus albus L. bitkisinin, antioksidan ve sitotoksik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bitkinin topraküstü ve kök kısımları kimyasal içerik bakımından kalitatif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Toplam fenol ve flavonoit miktarı spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle hesaplanmış, antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH ve ABTS radikalini süpürücü aktivite deneyi ile test edilmiştir. Ayrıca PC-12 ve SHSY-5Y hücre hatlarında canlılık tayini MTT (3-4,5-dimetil-tiyazolil-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür) testi yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre; bitkinin her iki kısmı da tanen, siyanogenetik glikozit, antrakinon, kardiyak glikozit ve antosiyanozit teşhis deneylerinde negatif sonuç verirken, alkaloit, kumarin, saponin, karbonhidrat teşhis deneylerinde pozitif sonuç vermiştir. Bitkinin topraküstü kısımlarından metanol ile hazırlanan ekstresinde (D.A Herba) toplam fenol miktarı 77,13 ± 5,73 mgGAE gekstre-1 olarak hesaplanırken, köklerinden hazırlanan ekstresinde (D. A Root) ise 43,81 ± 9,49 mgGAE gekstre-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toplam flavonoit içeriği ise yalnızca D.A Herba ekstresinde hesaplanabilmiştir (19,11 ± 0,16 mgCA gekstre-1 ). Ekstrelerin DPPH radikalini süpürücü etksi D.A Herba ekstresinde daha yüksek bulunurken, ABTS radikalini süpürücü etkileri her iki ekstrede de benzer bulunmuştur. Toksisite deneyi sonuçlarına göre, PC-12 hücre hattında 500 µg mL-1’de D.A Root ekstresi canlılığı % 50’nin altına düşürmüş (% 43,17 ± 3,44), ancak D.A Herba ekstresi aynı konsantrasyonda %. 19,53 ± 0,183 ile daha toksik etkili bulunmuştur. Ancak, D.A. Herba ve D.A.Root ekstresi SHSY-5Y hücre hattında 3,25 µg mL-1 konsantrasyonlarda sırasıyla % 122,87 ± 6,29 ve 112,78 ± 7,00 canlılık oranı ile hücre proliferasyonu arttırmıştır. Sonuçlar D. albus bitkisinin nöroprotektif etkileri sebebiyle yeni fitofarmasötiklerin için potansiyel adaylar olabileceğini düşündürmektedir., This study investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the Dictamnus albus L. plant grown in Türkiye. The aerial parts and roots of the plant were evaluated qualitatively in terms of chemical content. Total phenol and flavonoid amounts were calculated by spectrophotometric methods, antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. In addition, cell viability determination in PC-12 and SHSY-5Y cell lines was evaluated by performing MTT (3-4,5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. According to the results, both parts of the plant gave negative results in the tannin, cyanogenetic glycoside, anthraquinone, cardiac glycoside, and anthocyanoside identification tests, while they gave positive results in the alkaloid, coumarin, saponin, carbohydrate identification tests. While the total amount of phenol was calculated as 77.13 ± 5.73 mgGAE gexracts-1 in the extract prepared with methanol from the aerial parts of the plant (D.A Herba), it was calculated as 43.81 ± 9.49 mgGAE gexracts-1 in the extract prepared from the roots (D.A Root). The total flavonoid content could only be calculated in the D.A Herba extract (19.11 ± 0.16 mgCA gextract-1). Although the DPPH radical scavenging effect of the extracts was higher in D.A Herba extract, the ABTS radical scavenging effects were found similar in both D.A Herba and D.A Root extracts. According to the toxicity test, D.A Root extract reduced the viability below 50% (43.17 ± 3.44%) at 500 µg mL-1, but D.A Herba extract was found to be more toxic at the same concentration with 19.53 ± 0.183% in the PC-12 cell line. However, D.A. Herba and D.A.Root extract increased cell proliferation in the SHSY-5Y cell line at 3.25 µg/mL concentrations with 122.87±6.29 and 112.78±7.00%, respectively. The results suggest that D. albus may be a promising candidate for the new phytopharmaceuticals due to its neuroprotective effects.

Bu çalışmada, Mardin İlinde bir kamu kurumuna ait iki su kuyusu, bir su deposu ve binaların musluklarından alınan su ve sürüntü numunelerinde mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal analiz yapılmıştır. Bu örneklerde Legionella ve serogruplarının varlığı ile klor, nitrat, nitrit, pH ve elektriksel iletkenlik gibi parametreler analiz edilmiştir. Alınan 25 su örneğinden Legionella üremesi gözlenmezken, aynı yerlerden alınan 25 sürüntü kültür örneğinin 4 tanesinde L. pneumophila serogrup 1 saptanmıştır. Su örneklerinin pH değerlik aralıkları 7.53-8.02 olarak tespit edilirken en düşük pH değeri 7.53 ile bir nolu kuyuda gözlenirken en yükseği ise 8.02 ile iki nolu kuyuda gözlenmiştir. En düşük elektrik iletkenlik değeri 376.44 μS/cm ile iki nolu kuyuda, en yükseği ise 446.57 μS cm-1 ile bir nolu kuyuda ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada yapılan analizler neticesinde hiçbir su numunesinde nitrit tespit edilmezken, nitrat miktarı en düşük bir nolu kuyuda 4.30 ppm ile en yüksek ise 10.85 ppm ile iki nolu kuyuda tespit edilmiştir. Su numunesi alınan bir nolu ve iki nolu kuyu ile ana depodaki klor değerleri sırasıyla 2.21, 2.05 ve 2.43 ppm olarak ölçülürken, bina musluklarından alınan örneklerde ise bu değerler 1.68-1.73 ppm aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir., In this study microbiological and chemical analyzes were carried out on water and swab samples taken from two water wells, a water tank and taps of buildings belonging to a public institution in Mardin Province. In these specimens the presence of Legionella and its serogroups as well as the parameters such as chlorine, nitrate, nitrite concentration, pH level and electrical conductivity were analyzed. While Legionella growth was not observed in 25 water samples, L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was detected in 4 of 25 swab culture samples taken from the same places. The pH values of water samples ranged from 7.53 to 8.02 the lowest pH value was observed in well no 1 as 7.53 while the highest was observed in well no 2 as 8.02. The lowest electrical conductivity value was measured at well 2 as 376.44 μS cm-1 and the highest was measured as 446.57 μS/cm from well 1. As a result of the analyzes made in our research nitrite was not detected in any of the water samples. Whilst the nitrate amount was found to be the lowest with 4.30 ppm in the well , the highest with 10.85 ppm in the well 2. The chlorine values in the well 1 and 2 from which water samples were taken and the main tank were measured as 2.21, 2.05 and 2.43 ppm respectively. These values were found to be in the range of 1.68-1.73 ppm in the samples taken from the building taps.

The SrO–Nb2O5 system, especially Sr5Nb4O15 compound is of interest for their use as an electroceramics. In this work, Sr5Nb4O15 compound was synthesized by solid-state reaction and characterised by XRD. Thermodynamic properties like heat capacity, enthalpy of formation and Gibbs energy of formation of Sr5Nb4O15 have been measured. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of Sr5Nb4O15(s) was determined using an oxide melt solution high temperature calorimeter. Based on these experimental data, a self-consistent thermodynamic function of this compound was also generated. This thermodynamic data is essential for the optimization of synthesis conditions for materials and for the evaluation of their stability under appropriate technological operating conditions.

İlave bir işlem uygulamadan satış noktasında tüketime sunulan hazır yiyecek ve içecekler, kökleri çok eskilere dayanan ve dünya genelinde gözlenen bir yeme-içme alışkanlığıdır. Yöreye bağlı olarak ülkemizde de çok çeşitli tüketime hazır ürünler satışa sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Şanlıurfa’da tüketime sunulan meyan şerbetinin mikrobiyolojik kalitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Açık ve kapalı mekanlardan temin edilen toplam 32 adet meyan şerbeti örneği toplam canlı sayısı, maya-küf sayısı, koliform grubu bakteriler, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. ve aerobik spor oluşturan bakteriler açısından analiz edilmiştir. Toplam canlı sayısı, maya-küf sayısı, S. aureus ve aerobik spor oluşturan bakterilerin ortalama sayıları sırasıyla 4.8x107 kob/mL, 4.7x103 kob/mL, 9.8x105 kob/mL ve 3.3x103 kob/mL olarak tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin %84.38’inde ortalama 3.4x106 kob/mL ile koliform grubu bakteriler tespit edilirken, kalan 5 örnek bu bakteri grubu için negatif sonuç vermiştir. Analize alınan meyan şerbeti örneklerinin %78.13 (25)’ünde Salmonella türlerinin varlığı saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara dayalı olarak meyan şerbetinin mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin halk sağlığı açısından yeterli olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki içime hazır meyan şerbetinin mikrobiyolojik kalitesini bildiren ilk çalışmadır., Ready-to-eat food and beverages, offered for consumption at the point of sale without any additional processing, are an eating and drinking habit that has roots in ancient times and is observed worldwide. Depending on the region, many ready-to-consume products are also offered for sale in our country. In this study, the microbiological quality of licorice sherbet offered for consumption in Şanlıurfa was evaluated. A total of 32 licorice sherbet samples obtained from indoor and outdoor areas were analyzed in terms of total viable count, yeast-mold count, coliform bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., and aerobic spore-forming bacteria. The mean values for the total viable count, yeast-mold count, S. aureus, and aerobic spore-forming bacteria counts were determined as 4.8x107 CFU/mL, 4.7x103 CFU/mL, 9.8x105 CFU/mL and 3.3x103 CFU/mL, respectively. While coliform bacteria were detected in 84.38% of the samples with a mean value of 3.4x106 CFU/mL, the remaining 5 samples gave negative results for this bacterial group. The presence of Salmonella species was detected in 78.13% (25) of the licorice sherbet samples analyzed. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the microbiological quality of licorice sherbet is not sufficient for public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the microbiological quality of ready-to-drink licorice sherbet in Türkiye.

Kanser, normal hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalması sonucunda oluşan bir hastalıktır. Kanser çeşitleri arasında akciğer, meme, kolorektum ve prostat kanserlerinden sonra dünya çapında teşhis edilen en yaygın beşinci malignite olan mide kanseri, %20’lik beş yıllık sağ kalım oranı ile en ölümcül kanser çeşitlerinden biridir. Tedavisinde cerrahi, kemoterapi, radyoterapi, immünoterapi ve hedefe yönelik ilaç terapisi gibi yöntemler sıklıkla kullanılsa da hiçbiri etkili sonuçlar vermemektedir. Bu nedenle tedavi yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. İmmünoterapi, akciğer, mide ve meme kanseri gibi kanserler için yenilikçi bir yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmektedir. Hastalığa yakalanmadan önce bireylerde bağışıklık oluşturmak, hastalığın başlamasını engellemekle birlikte tedaviden maksimum yanıtın alınmasını da sağlayacaktır. Aşılamanın kansere karşı bağışıklık sistemini harekette geçirdiğine dair literatürde yer alan çalışmalar, kanser aşılarında umut verici sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mide kanserine yönelik geliştirilen farklı aşı formülasyonlarının immünostimülan etkileri, in vitro J774 murin makrofaj, THP-1 insan makrofaj ve L929 fibroblast hücrelerinde araştırılmış ve sitotoksisiteleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, geliştirilen aşı formülasyonlarının hiçbir konsantrasyonda toksik etki yaratmadığı, artan protein konsantrasyonu ile birlikte immünostimülan etkinliğin arttığı ve en yüksek değerin 40 µg/ml konsantrasyonda elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Her üç hücre hattında maksimum protein konsantrasyonunda hücre canlılık oranlarının %80 ‘den fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların mide kanserine yönelik aşı formülasyonlarının geliştirmesine yardımcı olacağını, kanser immünoterapisi çalışan araştırmacılar için veri sağlayacağını söyleyebiliriz., Cancer is a disease that results from the uncontrolled proliferation of normal cells. Gastric cancer, which is the fifth most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide after lung, breast, colorectal and prostate cancers among cancer types, is one of the deadliest cancer types with a five-year survival rate of 20%. Although methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted drug therapy are frequently used in its treatment, none of them gives effective results. Therefore, there is a need to develop treatment approaches. Immunotherapy is recognized as an innovative approach for cancers such as lung, stomach and breast cancer. Creating immunity in individuals before getting the disease will prevent the onset of the disease, as well as ensure maximum response from the treatment. Studies in the literature showing that vaccination activates the immune system against cancer reveal promising results in cancer vaccines. In this study, the immunostimulatory effects of different vaccine formulations developed for gastric cancer were investigated in vitro in J774 murine macrophage, THP-1 human macrophage and L929 fibroblast cells and their cytotoxicity was determined. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the vaccine formulations developed did not cause toxic effects at any concentration, the immunostimulatory activity increased with increasing protein concentration, and the highest value was obtained at 40 µg/ml concentration. It was determined that cell viability rates were more than 80% at maximum protein concentration in all three cell lines. We can say that the obtained results will help the development of vaccine formulations for gastric cancer and provide data for researchers working on cancer immunotherapy.

Başlıkta verilen ve daha önce tek kristal X-ışını kırınım çalışması yapılan bileşiğin FT-IR, UV-Vis, 13C NMR ve 1H NMR yöntemleri ile spektroskopik çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Spektroskopik sonuçlar kuramsal olarak elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Molekülün yüzey hatlarını elde etmek için Hirshfeld yüzey analizi kullanılmıştır. Ek olarak, bileşikte yer alan atomların etkileşimlerini tespit etmek için 2-D (2 boyutlu) parmak izi grafikleri hesaplanmıştır. Teorik hesaplamalar için baz seti olarak 6-31G (d,p) seçildi ve hesaplamalarda yoğunluk fonksiyonel kuramı (YFK) olan B3LYP yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. 1H NMR ve 13C NMR kimyasal kaymaları GIAO yaklaşımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışılan bileşiğin optik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Molekülün kimyasal aktivite parametreleri olan sertlik ve yumuşaklık analizleri, moleküler elektrostatik potansiyeli (MEP), HOMO-LUMO, MPA, NPA fonksiyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir., Spectroscopic studies of the compound given in the title and for which single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed before, were carried out by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 13C NMR and 1H NMR methods. The results were compared with the theoretically obtained data. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to obtain the surface contours of the molecule. In addition, 2-D (2-dimensional) fingerprint graphs were calculated to detect the interactions of atoms in the compound. For the theoretical calculations, 6-31G(d,p) was chosen as the basis set and the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method was used in the calculations. Chemical shifts of 1H NMR and 13C NMR were calculated by the GIAO approach. In addition, the optical properties of the studied compound were investigated. Hardness and softness analyzes, which are the chemical activity parameters of the molecule, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO-LUMO, MPA, NPA function analyzes were performed.

Magnetron saçtırma yöntemi kullanılarak Al kontaklı p-tipi Si altlık üzerine %3.1 Ge katkılı WOx katmanı büyütülerek p-n tipi Al/Si/WOx(%3.1Ge) eklemi elde edilmiştir. SEM ve EDS analizi sonuçları yüzeyin pürüzsüz ve homojen bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ve sırasıyla %93.7 W, 3.1% Ge ve 3.3% O oranlarından oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Elektriksel özelliklerin incelenebilmesi için üretilen aktif tabaka üzerine Ag nokta kontaklar atılarak sonuçta Al/Si/WOx(%3.1Ge)/Ag yapısı elde edilmiştir. Üretilen heteroeklemin karanlık ve değişik ışık şiddetleri altında ±4V potansiyel aralığında I-V ölçümleri yapılarak diyot parametreleri (seri direnç, engel yüksekliği, diyot idealite faktörü, ters doyum akımı) incelenmiştir. Diyot idealite faktörünün ve seri direncin sırasıyla 3.7-5.68 ve 0-20Ω arasında, engel yüksekliğinin ise 0.12-0.18 eV arasında değerler aldığı ve ters doyma akımının ışık şiddetine bağlı değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Heteroeklemi'nin tipik fotodiyot davranışı gösterdiği ve 60mW/cm2 ışık şiddeti altında maksimum doldurma faktörü değerinin 0.2660 olduğu belirlendi., A p-n type Al/Si/WOx(3.1% Ge) junction was obtained by growing 3.1% Ge doped WOx layer on an Al contacted p-type Si substrate using magnetron sputtering method. The results of SEM and EDS analysis show that the surface has a smooth and homogeneous structure and consists of 93.7% W, 3.1% Ge and 3.3% O, respectively. In order to examine the electrical properties, Ag dot contacts were deposited on the produced active layer and Al/Si/WOx(3.1%Ge)/Ag structure was obtained. Diode parameters (series resistance, barrier height, diode ideality factor, reverse saturation current) were investigated by making I-V measurements in the ±4V potential range under dark and different light intensities of the produced heterojunction. It was observed that the diode ideality factor and series resistance have values between 3.7-5.68 and 0-20Ω, respectively, and the barrier height have values between 0.12-0.18 eV, and the reverse saturation current changed depending on the light intensity. The heterojunction demonstrated standart photodiode behaviour, with a maximum fill factor value of 0.2660 under 60mW/cm2 light intensity.

Ağır metalleri biriktirme yeteneklerinden dolayı karayosunları, özellikle havadaki ağır metal kirliliğini takip edebilmek için oldukça uygundur. Türkiye'nin Doğu Karadeniz bölgesindeki(Sarp-Giresun) karayosunları ve toprakları ağır metal analizi, ICP-MS (Endüktif Eşleştirilmiş Plazma – Kütle Spektrometresi) spektrometri yöntemi kullanılarak belirlendi. Karayosunlarının nitel analizi neticesinde, numunelerin V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb içerdiği gösterildi. Şehir merkezlerinden alınan karayosunu örneklerinde Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr ve V ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri 23,26, 101,15, 42,26, 55,45, 8,21, 5413,12, 333,58, 18,19 ve 27,00 olarak belirlenirken, şehirler arasından alınan karayosunu örneklerinde ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri sırasıyla 17,57, 96,79, 42,38, 52,76, 6,23, 4561,71, 318,00, 17,65 ve 26,52 mg/kg olarak bulundu. Genel olarak karayosunlarında vanadyum, krom, mangan, demir, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko ve kurşun konsantrasyonlarının 2006-2017 yılları arasında azaldığı görüldü. Şehir merkezlerinden alınan toprak örneklerinde, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr ve V ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri 30,53, 166,19, 87,62, 183,12, 20,04, 15334,61, 730,63, 28,43 ve 50,83 mg/kg, merkez aralarından alınan toprak örneklerinde ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri sırasıyla şöyledir: 25,61, 286,21, 79,07, 123,89, 22,35, 14801,74, 461,79, 23,62 ve 44,57. Türkiye'de Sarp-Giresun Karayolu'ndaki karayosunlarında ki ağır metal konsantrasyonların da azalma olmasına rağmen, Dünya ile kıyaslandığında karayosunlarındaki ağır metal konsantrasyonları hala yüksek olduğu görülmektedir., Because of their ability to accumulate heavy metals, mosses are especially suitable to monitor heavy metal airborne pollution. The heavy metal analysis of mosses and soil in the East Black Sea region(Sarp-Giresun) of Turkey is determined using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer) spectrometry method. A qualitative moss analysis has shown that the samples contained V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. While the mean concentration values of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the moss samples collected from city centers are determined as 27.00, 18.19, 333.58, 5413.12, 8.21, 55.45, 42.26, 101.15 and 23.26 mg/kg, the mean concentration values in the moss samples collected from the city intervals are found as 26.52, 17.65, 318.00, 4561.71, 6.23, 52.76, 42.38, 96.79 and 17.57 mg/kg, respectively. In general, the concentration of Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Lead in mosses decreased between 2006 and 2017. While the mean concentration values of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and V in the soil samples collected from city centers are 30.53, 166.19, 87.62, 183.12, 20.04, 15334.61, 730.63, 28.43, and 50.83 mg/kg, the mean concentration values in the soil samples collected from the city intervals are 25.61, 286.21, 79.07,123.89, 22.35, 14801.74, 461.79, 23.62 and 44.57 mg/kg, respectively. Despite the decrease in heavy metal concentrations in mosses on Sarp-Giresun Highway in Turkey, it is seen that heavy metal concentrations in mosses are still high when compared to the world.

In the present study, the effect of different ratios of GelMA concentration has been exhibited for wound dressing implementation by the electrospinning method using a new polymer combination of Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Chitosan (CS). The nanofiber composites were fabricated due to their biocompatible, biodegradable, improved mechanical strength, low degradation rate, and hydrophilic nature to develop cell-mimicking, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Different concentrations of GelMA were added to the PCL/CS solution as 5, 10, and 20 wt%, respectively, in the formic acid/acetic acid (7:3) solution. A photoinitiator was added to the solution for photo-crosslinking of GelMA. The influence of different solution concentrations (5, 10, and 20 wt%) on the structure’s nanofiber production and fiber morphology was examined. SEM micrographs revealed that varied GelMA concentrations resulted in suitable and stable nanofiber composites. The average diameter of nanofiber composites grows as the GelMA concentration rises. FTIR, DSC, tensile test, degradation, and swelling test were evaluated. The results demonstrated that high mechanical strength, hydrophilic properties, and a slow degradation rate were observed with the presence and increment of GelMA concentration within the nanofiber composites. The antibacterial potential of GelMA/PCL/CS nanofiber composites was evaluated against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus using a disc diffusion assay. In vitro cell culture research was conducted by seeding NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on nanofiber composites, proving these cells’ high cell proliferation rate, viability, and adhesion. 10 wt% GelMA-based nanofiber composites were found to have great potential for wound dressing applications.

The aim of the study was to measure vitamin D levels before and after giving specific doses of it. Patients with psoriasis have an imbalance in vitamin D levels, as vitamin D levels have been correlated with the level of disease progression. Psoriasis incidence rates after administration of vitamin D at a dose of 1 month every day 2000 IU, then the second and third month every week 10,000 IU for period a 3-month indicate that the size of the affected area did not expand or stopped expanding. Also in our study, interleukin-17 levels and lipid profile showed some changes, indicating that high levels of vitamin D may reduce inflammation or inflammatory diseases by contributing to immune system activation. There were notable changes in average lipids and the effect was likely caused by changes in vitamin D levels, which play an important role in lipid metabolism. There was also a decrease in calcium levels.

Halophilic organisms are a novel attractive option as cell factories for the production of industrially valuable bioproducts. Halomonas elongata is the cell factory of choice for ectoine production, but its levan production has not been well researched. Based on this scientifc motivation, in this study, we evaluated the chemical and biological properties of levan produced by the halophilic extremophile Halomonas elongata 153B (HeL). First, the central composite design was used to determine the optimal process variables for maximum levan biosynthesis. Then, the levan produced from HeL was purifed, quantifed, and chemically characterized with FTIR, 1 H-NMR, and GPC analyses. This was followed by antioxidant, anti-infammatory, antibioflm, and antimicrobial activity tests to assess its biological activities as well as a cytotoxcity assay. Maximum levan yields of 5.13±0.38 g/L were achieved after dialysis at the optimum levels of process variables. The 1 H-NMR spectrum of HeL revealed characteristic signals. It showed a strong antioxidant activity of 67.88% and the best radical scavenger. At a concentration of 400 µg/mL, HeL showed the most anti-infammatory efcacy. Also, at all indicated concentrations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 μg/mL) HeL, acted against bioflms formed by Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 11778, Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Furthermore, HeL displayed antimicrobial activities against all strains tested. Finally, HeL showed high Cell viability in all dosages and no cytotoxicity was observed. In light of these results, HeL may have high potential in the medical, pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics industries.

We investigated the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) on gene expression related to alcohol dependence and histological effects on brain tissue. We also aimed at determining the miRNA-mRNA relationship and their pathways in alcohol dependence-induced expression changes after focused ultrasound therapy. We designed a case-control study for 100 days of observation to investigate differences in gene expression in the short-term stimulation group (STS) and long-term stimulation group (LTS) compared with the control sham group (SG). The study was performed in our Experimental Research Laboratory. 24 male high alcohol-preferring rats 63 to 79 days old, weighing 270 to 300 g, were included in the experiment. LTS received 50-day LIFU and STS received 10-day LIFU and 40-day sham stimulation, while the SG received 50-day sham stimulation. In miRNA expression analysis, it was found that LIFU caused gene expression differences in NAc. Significant differences were found between the groups for gene expression. Compared to the SG, the expression of 454 genes in the NAc region was changed in the STS while the expression of 382 genes was changed in the LTS. In the LTS, the expression of 32 genes was changed in total compared to STS. Our data suggest that LIFU targeted on NAc may assist in the treatment of alcohol dependence, especially in the long term possibly through altering gene expression. Our immunohistochemical studies verified that LIFU does not cause any tissue damage. These findings may lead to new studies in investigating the efficacy of LIFU for the treatment of alcohol dependence and also for other psychiatric disorders.

Cations with suitable sizes to occupy an interstitial site of perovskite crystals have been widely used to inhibit ion migration and promote the performance and stability of perovskite optoelectronics. However, such interstitial doping inevitably leads to lattice microstrain that impairs the long-range ordering and stability of the crystals, causing a sacrificial trade-off. Here, we unravel the evident influence of the valence states of the interstitial cations on their efficacy to suppress the ion migration. Incorporation of a trivalent neodymium cation (Nd3+) effectively mitigates the ion migration in the perovskite lattice with a reduced dosage (0.08%) compared to a widely used monovalent cation dopant (Na+, 0.45%). The photovoltaic performances and operational stability of the prototypical perovskite solar cells are enhanced with a trace amount of Nd3+ doping while minimizing the sacrificial trade-off.

Background Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and more advanced fibrosis tend to have more impairment in their health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Aim To assess the association of PROs with select non-invasive tests (NITs) for fibrosis including FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores Methods We enrolled patients with an established diagnosis of NAFLD who were seen in a tertiary care clinic into the NAFLD/NASH Registry. The FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores were calculated using liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography and laboratory parameters. PROs were assessed using FACIT-F, CLDQ-NASH and WPAI instruments (total of 17 domain and summary scores). Results There were 1509 patients with NAFLD (mean age: 49 +/- 11 years, 50% men, 41% employed, 30% advanced fibrosis and 20% cirrhosis). The mean FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores were 0.39 +/- 0.26, 0.35 +/- 0.31 and 0.12 +/- 0.23, respectively. Subjects with lower FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores had the highest scores in select domains of FACIT-F, CLDQ-NASH and WPAI (p < 0.05 in comparison to subjects with elevated or high-risk NIT scores). Correlations with continuous NITs were significantly negative for Emotional and Functional well-being (FACIT-F), Activity/energy, Systemic symptoms, Worry and total scores (CLDQ-NASH), and Activity of WPAI (p < 0.05); the strongest was for Worry (CLDQ-NASH) with FAST (R = -0.17, p < 0.0001). The PRO scores of patients with NAFLD were lower than those of matched patients with chronic hepatitis B (p < 0.05 for 9/17 domain and summary scores). Conclusion Patients with NAFLD and high FAST, Agile 3+ or Agile 4 scores experience impairment of health-related quality of life.

Two different classes of drugs were selected to test the adsorption capacity of carbon nanofibers as a greener new generation alternative adsorbent in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Kinetics of the promethazine and trimethoprim adsorption were analyzed using Lagergren first order and Pseudo second order models. Intraparticle diffusion graphs were also plotted to discuss the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic data showed the significance of boundary layer effect for both of the drugs and the presence of intraparticle diffusion as the other rate controlling step for the promethazine adsorption. Giles isotherms showed the high affinity of drug molecules to the adsorbent. Maximum adsorption capacity of drugs was calculated using Langmuir model as 18.35 and 41.15 mg/g for trimethoprim and 95.24 and 80.65 mg/g for promethazine in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively. Trimethoprim adsorption was under favor of hydrophobic interaction and pi-pi dispersion interactions while promethazine adsorption was through cation exchange where the electrostatic attraction is an important force with the contribution of dispersion interactions.

© 2022, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Undoped PbNb2O6 and Eu3+ ion doped PbNb2O6 samples were synthesized by high temperature mixed oxide method, applying a heat treatment temperature of 1250°C and an annealing time of 6 hours. In order to elucidate the structural and optical behavior of PbNb2O6:Eu3+ phosphors, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), CL (cathodoluminescence) and absoption analyses were performed. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the undoped PbNb2O6 sample crystallized in a rhombohedral symmetry while Eu3+ doped samples formed in orthorhombic symmetry. The morphologies of the rhombohedral and orthorhombic grains were examined by SEM-EDS. The CL spectra showed spectral profiles between 580 and 780 nm in relation to the 4f–4f transitions of Eu3+. A strong emission was observed at about 620 nm, corresponding to the red color and associated with the5D0 →7F2 transition of Eu3+, while the undoped sample did not exhibit CL emission of the host which is probably due to the presence of lead in the host structure. In addition, the CL analysis results showed that the emission intensity increased with the increase of Eu3+ ion concentration. The increase in magnetic dipole transition caused by the electron beam radiation effect of the CL with increasing doping concentration is associated with the change of dipole moments of the Eu3+ doped tungsten bronze host and thus differentiating the emission spectrum. UV lamp excited photograph of undoped sample showed blue-violet color while Eu3+ doped phosphors with red color became more significant with increasing Eu3+ concentration.

Recall that a commutative ring R is said to be a normal ring if it is reduced and every two distinct minimal prime ideals are comaximal. A finitely generated reduced R-module M is said to be a normal module if every two distinct minimal prime submodules are comaximal. The concepts of normal modules and locally torsion free modules are different, whereas they are equal in theory of commutative rings. We give many properties and examples of normal modules, we use them to characterize locally torsion free modules and Baer modules. Also, we give the topological characterizations of normal modules.

A new series of 4-methyl-2-{2-[(aryl)methylidene]hydrazinyl}-1,3-thiazole (2a-i), N-(4-acetyl-5-aryl)4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamides (3a-b) and N-(5-(4-(substituted phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamides (3c-i) were synthesized by the reaction of 2-((aryl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamides (1a-i) and acetic anhydride or chloroacetone. The cytotoxic activities of the products were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against Hela cervical cancer, MCF-7 breast carcinoma and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines. Thiazole based compounds 2a, 2b, 2f and 2i, bearing 4-bromothiophen-2-yl, naphthalen-2-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl and 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl moieties, respectively; also N-(4-acetyl-5-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide (3b) and N-(5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide (3d) exhibited significant anticancer activity against three cancer cell lines. Moreover, these active compounds were further evaluated by apoptotic protein levels. The results showed that these thiazole and thiadiazole compounds induced apoptosis of cancer cells.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. We aimed to investigate the effects of regular swimming exercise and melatonin applied in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease rats by analysing dendritic spine of striatal neurons. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were used. 6-Hydroxydopamine unilaterally injected four (control, exercise, melatonin and exercise + melatonin) groups were included in the study. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Neurons and structures were identified from three-dimensional images by Neurolucida software. There was not any apparent difference for tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and fibres in the striatum between the lesion sides of hemiparkinsonian groups. The treatment groups blocked the apomorphine-induced increase in rotations compared to the control group. In stepping test, the treatment groups prevented the loss of stepping in the contralateral side of hemiparkinsonian groups. The melatonin mostly had a positive effect on motor activity tests. In morphological analyses, the 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced lesion led to the reduction of the total dendritic length and number of branches. In the treatment groups, the reduction of the dendritic parameters was not observed. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion led to a decrease in the total spine density, spine densities of thin and mushroom types. The exercise and melatonin treatments prevented the loss of spine density. The exercise treatment prevented the loss of spine density of mushroom type spines. The melatonin treatment blocked the loss of spine density of stubby type. In conclusion, these results provide evidence for effective additional protective therapeutic strategies for Parkinson\"s disease. In conclusion, results from the current study provide evidence for swimming exercise and melatonin as a promising candidate for effective additional protective strategies for PD.

Packaging must have a good commercial appearance and is generally obtained by ink transferred to its substrate. It is important that the ink used in packaging printing is produced from environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials as well as being suitable for the printing system. The increasing demand in the field of printed packaging and the scarcity of resources to meet this demand have accelerated the search for new sources for inks. For this purpose, inks produced in the laboratory using a modified cellulose-based binder, a commercial acrylic resin and a commercial soybean protein were compared with a commercial ink. As a result of the study, it was determined that the printability properties of the ink obtained by using the modified cellulose-based binder were better than the ink obtained with commercial soybean protein. It was determined that it showed printability properties close to the ink produced with commercial acrylic binders. By using modified cellulose-based water-based flexographic ink instead of other commonly used binders, more environmentally friendly sustainable inks can be produced.

What is known and objective:Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common inhospitalized patients in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the study is to reduceDRPs and associated costs with clinical pharmacist's (CP) recommendations.Methods:The study is a prospective, non-randomized controlled study conducted inthe ICU for a total of 6 months (1 January 2021–30 June 2021) in 2-month con-trol, 2-month study, and 2-month control periods. Patients who were hospitalizedfor more than 24 h and used more than one medication were included in thestudy. The PCNE V9.1 Classification system was used in the classification ofDRPs. During the intervention period, CP recommendations for DRPs wereproposed to the healthcare team.Results and discussion:A total of 146 patients were included in the study. A total of1061 DRPs from all periods were detected. The most common causes of DRPs werepotential drug–drug interactions (31.76%), high dose (12.44%), and dose timinginstruction errors (9.24%). For 347 DRPs identified during the study period, 259 inter-ventions (74.63%) were recommended, and 238 (91.89%) were accepted by physi-cians. Interventions were mostly made as interrupting/discontinuing the drug(28.02%), changing the dose (25.27%), changing the instructions for use (20.32%),and starting a new drug (15.93%). Cost savings were achieved with CP recommenda-tions applied.What is new and conclusion:The CP's recommendations were highly accepted bythe healthcare team. With the CP's participation in routine patient rounds in thehealthcare team of the ICU, drug-related costs would also decrease.

© 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Vitamin B12 is involved in biochemical metabolic pathways. B12 deficiency is common in childhood when the need for the vitamin increases and growth and development occur. Various hematological, neurological, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal disorders are observed in its deficiency. In addition, B12 deficiency is associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate oxidative stress, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, and DNA damage pre and post-treatment in children diagnosed with B12 deficiency. A total of 40 children with B12 deficiency were included in the study after the consent form was approved. Blood was drawn from children pre and posttreatment. Hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and red blood cells (RBC) were measured by autoanalyzer; total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) were measured by the photometric method, and DNA damage was analyzed by the comet assay method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) values were calculated. As a result of the experiments, HGB, HCT, and RBC increased with treatment. While TAS, TT, and NT as antioxidant parameters increased; TOS, OSI, and DIS decreased with treatment compared to pretreatment. DNA damage was also found to decrease with treatment. Additionally, these data were statistically significant (p < 0.001). It was found that oxidative stress and DNA damage decreased with oral B12 treatment in children with B12 deficiency, and clinical parameters were also improved.