1. Targeting telomerase for cancer therapy
- Author
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Jessie Villanueva and Adam N. Guterres
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Telomerase ,Somatic cell ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Telomere Homeostasis ,Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Molecular Biology ,Regulation of gene expression ,Clinical Studies as Topic ,Cancer ,Translation (biology) ,Telomere ,medicine.disease ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,Telomere maintenance via telomerase ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research - Abstract
Telomere maintenance via telomerase reactivation is a nearly universal hallmark of cancer cells which enables replicative immortality. In contrast, telomerase activity is silenced in most adult somatic cells. Thus, telomerase represents an attractive target for highly selective cancer therapeutics. However, development of telomerase inhibitors has been challenging and thus far there are no clinically approved strategies exploiting this cancer target. The discovery of prevalent mutations in the TERT promoter region in many cancers and recent advances in telomerase biology has led to a renewed interest in targeting this enzyme. Here we discuss recent efforts targeting telomerase, including immunotherapies and direct telomerase inhibitors, as well as emerging approaches such as targeting TERT gene expression driven by TERT promoter mutations. We also address some of the challenges to telomerase-directed therapies including potential therapeutic resistance and considerations for future therapeutic applications and translation into the clinical setting. Although much work remains to be done, effective strategies targeting telomerase will have a transformative impact for cancer therapy and the prospect of clinically effective drugs is boosted by recent advances in structural models of human telomerase.
- Published
- 2020