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The scenario of Medical Education in Brazil is complex and diverse, like the very culture of our country. In this commentary, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities of progress while describing a panorama of the history, and the current scenario of Medical Education in Brazil. Moving our focus toward Anatomy, we review pedagogical strategies and methods, the role of the Brazilian Society of Anatomy, and share our experience on using of creativity and technology to make the teaching of Anatomy more modern, updated and significant for the future doctors.

Debido a la importancia clinica y quirurgica del musculo elevador de la escapula, se hace necesario conocer mejor sus variaciones, principalmente la posibilidad de encontrar hallazgos relacionados con su desarrollo embriologico. Se presenta el caso de un musculo elevador de la escapula del lado izquierdo encontrado en un cadaver de sexo femenino de 58 anos. El musculo elevador de la escaula presentaba una bifurcacion en el punto medio en su trayectoria mas baja. La banda medial se fijaba en la parte anterior del musculo romboides mayor izquierdo; mientras que su banda lateral se fijaba en el angulo superior de la escapula despues de enviar una expansion hasta el musculo serrato anterior. El analisis morfometrico revelo un ancho maximo de 3,6 cm, punto de bifurcacion situado 6,6 cm bajo la insercion vertebral C1; longitudes de la banda medial 5,7 cm y lateral de 2,1cm. Las variaciones anatomicas del musculo elevador de la escapula pueden pasar inadvertidas, pero tambien pueden contribuir con algunas condiciones patologicas del cuello y espalda.

Introduction Plastination is a unique technique of tissue preservation developed by Gunther von Hagens in 1978. In this process, water and lipids in biological tissues are replaced by curable polym...

Summary In orofacial implantology there are many types of implants for the different systems. Among these is the implant surface type, e.g., a screw type, cylindrical and laminar. Furthermore, the implants are different in their dimensions, their metal composition, their surface condition, such as smooth, grit or layered surfaces and in their methods of application. Two different self-tapping implants, one smooth and the other grit-blasted, are screwed into the bone, and another one with a plasma of titanium coating, which is also in a screw form but with greater spaces between the screw threads are compared. The greatest amount of bone deposition in the bone/implant interface was encountered in the latter one, the smooth surfaced implant being in second place. All of these systems can alter the implant healing process and to demonstrate this, we injected bone markers in the rabbits over different periods of time so as to observe the different areas of bone deposition in the tibias where the implants had been inserted. The bone tracers used were Alizarin, Calcein and Xylenol-orange. The amount of deposition was calculated by using the method of surface morphometry.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:19:33Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-02-01 Item merged in doublecheck by Felipe Arakaki (fe.arakaki@gmail.com) on 2015-11-10T12:47:47Z Item was identical to item(s): 35787, 64874 at handle(s): http://hdl.handle.net/11449/36289, http://hdl.handle.net/11449/65392 The morphology of the parotid and submandibular glands in the marten, a carnivore, were studied and analyzed under a transmission electron microscope. The nature of the granules in both glands, as well as in the acini and in the secretory tubules, is rather mucous. The structure of the secretory tubules is very characteristic, especially the striated ones. The myoepithelial cells are close to the acini and tubules and covered by the basement membrane separating them from the connective tissue, which enhances its epithelial origin. The cytoplasm of the basal parts of the acinar and tubular cells is abundant and separates the nucleus from the secretion granules. Although the morphology of the salivary glands of many carnivores is known, those of the parotid gland of the marten present peculiar characteristics, since they produce a rather mucous saliva and the granules, when forming, are far from the base as well as from the apex of the secretory cells. The submandibular gland contains granules of different densities, an aspect that in general resembles that of other animals. Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 66208, BR-05389-970, São Paulo Department of Morphology School of Dentistry UNESP, São José dos Campos UNESP, Sch Dent, Dept Morphol, São Paulo, Brazil

Summary Labial salivary glands are found in the majority of insects. They are relatively large, extend back into the thorax, and in Rhodnius , they are cherry red in color due to a pigment derived from traces of hemoglobin absorbed form the gut. In most insects they are acinous shaped, with long excretion channels that present differentiated regions which from salivary reservoirs. The glands may be relatively simple or complexly branched and convoluted. In Rhodnius they are described as being unilobed with no traces of division. The main duct leaves the gland at its anterior extremity. The acini have different kinds of cells but all of them are seen as sources of secretion. Our material has a different shape due to the fact that the animals spent 20 days under starvation conditions. New data are also obtained through treatment with collagenase and HCl. The importance of the study of these glands lies in the fact that it will further understanding of the transmission of Chagas' disease.

O plexo braquial é um sítio frequente de lesões traumáticas, inflamatórias e neoplásicas. Variantes anatômicas ocorrem em até 48% dos casos, dependendo da população estudada e da técnica de imagem. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as principais variantes anatômicas nas nossas peças e compará-las às variantes descritas em outras populações. Dez peças anatômicas (cinco de cada lado) de cadáveres de idade e gênero desconhecido estavam preservadas em formol. Essas peças foram dissecadas desde as raízes da coluna cervical até a região axilar, identificando-se cada raiz, tronco e fascículo. Em todas as peças estudadas, o plexo braquial foi do tipo clássico, originado da quinta raiz cervical até a primeira raiz torácica. Variantes anatômicas descritas na literatura foram revisadas. Nenhuma variante anatômica foi encontrada nessas peças. Concluiu-se que variantes anatômicas do plexo braquial são aparentemente raras na nossa população. No entanto, amostras maiores devem ser estudadas antes de se generalizarem esses resultados na nossa população.