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Spin pumping from canted antiferromagnets is a cutting-edge topic in modern spintronics. The interest for fundamental and applied research that these materials arouse is related to their unusual structure, namely, with a small canting of the magnetic sublattices, which is explained by the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Through this effect, it becomes possible to experimentally study quasi-ferromagnetic resonance spectra and spin pumping in the range of tens of GHz at room temperature. In this paper, an experimental and theoretical investigation of spin pumping from an antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism, α -Fe 2 O 3 , is carried out. The conversion of the precession of the magnetization vector, excited by an alternating magnetic microwave field, into a constant voltage is realized using the inverse spin Hall effect in the hematite/heavy metal structure. Using a constant magnetic field up to 5 kOe, the resonant frequency of such a detector is tunable over a wide range up to 32 GHz with potential sensitivity reaching 10.1 μ V/W. Confirmation of the measurement of the spin current is the change in the sign of V sp when the polarity of the constant magnetic field alters. We believe that these studies will make a major contribution to the understanding of the physics of the spin-pumping effect from antiferromagnets and will also help in the development of devices for quantum technologies and next-generation communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin pumping from canted antiferromagnets is a cutting-edge topic in modern spintronics. The interest for fundamental and applied research that these materials arouse is related to their unusual structure, namely, with a small canting of the magnetic sublattices, which is explained by the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Through this effect, it becomes possible to experimentally study quasi-ferromagnetic resonance spectra and spin pumping in the range of tens of GHz at room temperature. In this paper, an experimental and theoretical investigation of spin pumping from an antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism, α -Fe 2 O 3 , is carried out. The conversion of the precession of the magnetization vector, excited by an alternating magnetic microwave field, into a constant voltage is realized using the inverse spin Hall effect in the hematite/heavy metal structure. Using a constant magnetic field up to 5 kOe, the resonant frequency of such a detector is tunable over a wide range up to 32 GHz with potential sensitivity reaching 10.1 μ V/W. Confirmation of the measurement of the spin current is the change in the sign of V sp when the polarity of the constant magnetic field alters. We believe that these studies will make a major contribution to the understanding of the physics of the spin-pumping effect from antiferromagnets and will also help in the development of devices for quantum technologies and next-generation communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the influence of trimming layer thickness on the performance characteristics of thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs). By adjusting the thickness of the trimming layer, we aimed to optimize the resonant (f s) and antiresonant frequencies (f p) , which are critical for the filter's performance in blocking or passing specific frequency bands. Employing theoretical modeling and experimental validation, we explored how variations in the trimming layer thickness affect the electromechanical coupling coefficient (k t 2) and the overall energy efficiency of FBARs. The study also considered the impact of piezoelectric layer thickness on the effectiveness of these adjustments, revealing that thinner piezoelectric layers are more sensitive to changes in the trimming layer, enhancing the tuning capability for high-frequency applications. Our results confirm that reducing the trimming layer thickness increases both resonant and antiresonant frequencies, with a more pronounced effect on the latter, suggesting a significant phase correction effect from the trimming layer, resulting in the quality Q factor reductions. Our experimental results show that as the trimming layer thickness increases from 200 to 300 nm, the Q factor increases by 11%, while k t 2 decreases by 4%. This research provides critical insights into the design and optimization of FBARs, offering guidelines that can help advance the development of more efficient and effective RF components for future mobile communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual improvement of the future wireless communication technology, the demand for high information capacity and reliable links in communication systems is also ever-increasing. Programmable topological plasmonic metasurfaces, consisting of artificially engineered structures with robust propagation pathways control, have emerged as a revolutionary technology for stable microwave and on-chip communication systems. Programmable topological plasmonic metasurfaces offer unprecedented flexibility and adaptability in managing multiple communication channels as the propagation paths can be easily reconfigured to meet specific communication requirements. Here, we have experimentally demonstrated the ability to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic waves along eight distinct topological pathways for a multichannel direct communication system. The simulation results of topological plasmonic metasurfaces with different coding schemes have showcased their excellent performance in multichannel wavefront control. Experimental results have consistently aligned with the simulation findings, validating the effectiveness of multichannel topological routes. Furthermore, an eight-channel direct communication system based on a programmable topological plasmonic metasurface is designed and implemented to transmit different information. The proposed multichannel communication system based on a programmable topological plasmonic metasurface opens up new possibilities for high-capacity, efficient, and adaptive communication systems, which hold great potential in transformative applications in areas such as 6G, Internet of Things, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, magnetic skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) have attracted considerable interest for their prospect in future-generation communication and spintronic technologies. However, some critical issues, which hamper their practical applications, e.g., the long start-up time and variable skyrmion gyration orbit, remain to be resolved. Here, we numerically demonstrate the realization of a fixed-orbit STNO, which is based on an interlayer-coupled meron–skyrmion (MS) pair instead of a magnetic skyrmion. In this STNO, the MS pair possesses a structurally defined, fixed orbit within a broad range of driving currents, even in the presence of random defects. The output frequency range of the STNO based on an MS pair far exceeds that of the STNO typically featuring a single skyrmion. Moreover, the output frequency of this STNO can be further elevated if more MS pairs are incorporated. Our results reveal the nontrivial dynamics of the interlayer-coupled MS pair, opening perspectives for the design and optimization of fundamental spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurfaces, due to their outstanding ability to control electromagnetic waves, have great application prospects in the field of wireless communication. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research work based on metasurface in three aspects: wireless power transfer, wireless information transmission, and novel wireless transceiver architectures. In the domain of wireless power transfer, several focusing metasurfaces and systems with unique performance are presented along with a new formula for calculating wireless power transfer. Concerning wireless information transmission section, the direct digital information transmission based on metasurface and the information transmission based on space-time-coding digital metasurface are introduced. Lastly, a simplified wireless transceiver with metasurfaces was introduced. The paper concludes with a discussion on the future directions of metasurfaces in the wireless communication domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in communication technology and changes in people's communication habits facilitate new data collection forms in web surveys. Technical devices, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones, enable researchers to rethink established communication forms and add a human touch to web surveys. Designing web surveys more human-like has the great potential to make communication between researchers and respondents more natural, which may result in higher survey satisfaction and data quality. Considering the existing survey literature, there are only a few studies investigating respondents' willingness for new communication forms in web surveys. Hence, in the present study, we explore respondents' willingness to take part in web surveys to have interviewers read questions via pre-recorded videos (question delivery) and in which respondents provide their answers orally via self-recorded videos (question answering). We included two willingness questions – one on question delivery via pre-recorded videos and one on question answering via self-recorded videos – in the non-probability SoSci panel in Germany. The results reveal that respondents' willingness to have questions read by interviewers is higher than their willingness to self-record video answers. Believing that technology facilitates communication and perceiving the survey as being interesting increases willingness, whereas evaluating the survey topic as sensitive decreases willingness. Personality traits do not play a role when it comes to respondents' willingness, except for extraversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to synthetically tune the ligand frameworks of redox-active molecules is of critical importance to the economy of solar fuels because manipulating their redox properties can afford control over the operating potentials of sustained electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic processes. The electronic and steric properties of 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (Terpy) ligand frameworks can be tuned by functional group substitution on ligand backbones, and these correlate strongly to their Hammett parameters. The synthesis of a new series of tridentate meridional ligands of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines that engineers the ability to finely tune the redox potentials of cobalt complexes to more positive potentials than that of their Terpy analogs is achieved by aryl-functionalizing at the four-position and by including isoquinoline at the two- and six-positions of pyridine (Aryl-DiQ). Their cobalt complex syntheses, their electronic properties, and their catalytic activity for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction are reported and compared to their Terpy analogs. The cobalt derivatives generally experience a positive shift in their redox features relative to the Terpy-based analogs, covering a complementary potential range. Although those evaluated fail to produce any quantifiable products for the reduction of CO2 and suffer from long-term instability, these results suggest possible alternate strategies for stabilizing these compounds during catalysis. We speculate that lower equilibrium association constants to the cobalt center are intrinsic to these ligands, which originate from a steric interaction between protons on the pyridine and isoquinoline moieties. Nevertheless, the new Aryl-DiQ ligand framework has been engineered to selectively tune homoleptic cobalt complexes' redox potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PbTe-based compounds are excellent candidates for the different types of optical detector applications from near to far IR ranges. In the present work, a technology has been developed for the fabrication of Pb 1 − x Sn x Te compositions, doped with In, on a thin amorphous substrate (polyimide). The film preparation was performed by the electron gun evaporation method. The systematic study of structure and transport properties (Hall coefficient and electric conductivity) in the entire temperature range of 10–300 K for Pb 1 − x Sn x Te:In films (x = 0 , 0.1, 0.2) was investigated. It was studied that the photoconductivity of the films in the telecom wavelength range, including kinetics, sensitivity, and noise equivalent power, has been conducted and it discovered persistent photoconductivity for all compositions at the temperature T < 21 K. The results of the work have promising potential to use poly(nano) crystalline Pb 1 − x Sn x Te:In films on an amorphous substrate both for photodetection in the telecom wavelength range and for the creation of all-optical neuromorphic systems, cooled memory, and logic elements operating at the low energy of laser pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication technology has evolved continuously throughout human history, especially recently, for overcoming physical distancing. In addition to visual and auditory senses, the transmission of tactile sensations through the human skin holds significant potential as a novel communication method. In this paper, we propose a flexible heating device that can convey warmth at distances. A pixelated heater was developed by depositing Ag nanowires (NWs) patterned on a thin polyimide substrate. The thermal and mechanical durabilities of the Ag NWs were effectively enhanced using a ZnO film as the capping layer. In addition, we created a multifunctional heater by depositing a flexible thermochromic liquid crystal polydimethylsiloxane film on the heater, providing visual feedback on temperature changes. The resistance variations and thermal characteristics of the multifunctional heater were examined under bending to demonstrate its performance as a flexible heater. The results of this study are expected to extend the applications of this technology from simple wearable devices to multifunctional metaverse devices in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many industries and telecommunication system there is a need for digital signal processing for fast transfer of data between two points or devices with low power consumption and considerable hardware resources (circuit size and speed). Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters play an important role in many signal processing applications and telecommunication systems. This paper propose the design and implementation of 4-bit FIR Filter using Distributed Arithmetic (DA) Algorithms, which substitute, multiply and accumulate operation with series of Look Up Table (LUT). The proposed FIR filter is implemented in high-density field programmable logic devices (FPGAs) and designed using very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) and verified using Xilinx ISE 14.7 tool and simulator. The proposed, modified and optimized DA provided the multiplication and accumulation free calculation of inner product data of FIR filter and this consecutively reduces the size and power dissipation of circuit. DA is one of the methods to implement FIR filters that impact the storage resource and the calculating speed, which make the memory size smaller and the operation speed faster. The simulated proposed structure required nearly 40% less cells, 35% less LUT pairs and 4% less power consumption with existing structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the rapid advancement in communication technology facilitated by the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for effective data analysis and utilization has surged. This is particularly crucial as it involves the collection of data from various objects and devices in diverse ways. A robust methodology designed to improve data fusion while simultaneously upholding data confidentiality and optimizing data weight. This research work introduces a privacy-preserving lightweight cryptographic model (PP-LWC) tailored for IoT environments. It employs a novel data fusion process, integrating weight optimization and iterative data fusion, to enhance data integrity and confidentiality. The model utilizes differential privacy techniques, adding controlled noise to queries, ensuring data privacy without compromising on computational efficiency. By incorporating unique encryption and signature verification mechanisms within IoT clusters, it effectively safeguards against both internal and external threats, maintaining robust security in resource-constrained settings. This approach strikes a balance between preserving privacy and ensuring lightweight cryptographic operations, crucial for the vast and diverse landscape of IoT devices. PPLWC is evaluated considering the various parameters such as computation overhead for single signature generation, and computation overhead for single signature verification. Cost comparison for signature verification mechanism, Communication cost for sending a broadcast message. Comparison of communication cost for sending and broadcast messages. Comparative analysis with the existing model proves the model's efficiency by outperforming the existing technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), a lower-middle income country, has a higher malnutrition rate than other Southeast Asian countries. The decentralization of healthcare is a determinant of the effectiveness of programs to reduce malnutrition, but no study has focused on this factor in this country. This organizational study explores the state of decentralization of the healthcare system in Lao PDR that underlies the nutrition programs in the country. Methods: A qualitative study, which is based on a neo-institutional theory conceptual framework, explored factors related to dominant structure (laws, regulations, resources) and interpretative schemes (dominant ideas and beliefs) that characterize the nutrition services provided in the Lao healthcare system. Twenty-four semistructured interviews were performed with representatives of healthcare institutions involved in nutrition programs at different government levels, external donors and civil society organizations. The interviews were completed with relevant documents. The analysis focused on the convergence of interpretative schemes of the organizations concerned and the coherence between the structure underpinning the nutrition programs and the interpretative schemes. Results: Services deployed to reduce malnutrition in the Lao PDR remain largely centralized, despite factors specific to the country that led it to promote decentralization of its services. The convergence of interpretive schemes and the coherence between the observed structure and the interpretative schemes of actors at all governance levels ensure the stability of this state of decentralization, which has persisted for almost 50 years. Conclusion: Nutrition programs in the Laos PDR are largely under the responsibility of the central government. The transformations in the healthcare system, notably with the use of new information technologies and the fact that the provinces are populated by a growing number of professionals trained in nutrition in addition to factors that push the system to be decentralized, such as ethnic diversity, the increasing availability of human resources in provinces, and the use of communication technologies, are not strong enough to change the balance of power between governance levels. The deconcentration that characterizes decentralization is therefore likely to continue for the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a new image encryption method to improve the security of image encryption by integrating a multi-chaotic system and mixed pixel-bit level encryption. In the face of the growing use of communications and computer technology, as well as the need to protect sensitive information, this method utilizes chaotic algorithms to increase encryption security. Experimental results show increased security and resistance to various attacks, validating the method's effectiveness in protecting digital images. The measurement tools used include histograms, information entropy, adjacent pixel correlation coefficient, key sensitivity analysis, and robustness testing. In conclusion, this method offers an effective and robust approach to image encryption, providing an important contribution to the field of information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions The objective of this study was to explore therapists' new‐found experiences of what works in successful cases of teletherapy.This was a qualitative study of therapists' experiences, making their implicit knowledge explicit and systematised.Twelve therapists were recruited via posts on social media and via the interviewers' professional networks. The therapists were interviewed at their office or via Zoom using a semi‐structured interview guide. The interviews were analysed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis.The therapists described a number of interacting favourable factors, together contributing to successful remote treatments. Establishing a good therapeutic relationship and cooperation was a general success factor common to in‐person and remote treatments. Specific factors included well‐functioning communication technology, co‐creating a sense of co‐presence, safeguarding therapeutic boundaries adjusted to the remote setting, finding ways of compensating for the loss of several cues available in an in‐person setting and the patient being motivated for a remote therapeutic endeavour.In the successful cases, therapists in this study seem to have developed specific skills to counteract the inherent challenges and to benefit from the advantages specific to the remote setting. In the post‐pandemic era, when hybrid and remote therapeutic modalities become increasingly common, these specific skills and mechanisms have to be included in psychotherapy training programmes, supervision and continuing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting microstrip single photon detectors (SMSPDs) are increasingly attracting the interest of the scientific community as a new platform for large area detectors with unprecedented advantaged in terms of fabrication. However, while their operativity at the telecommunication wavelength was achieved, working beyond 1.55 µm is challenging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate single-photon operation of NbRe microstrips at wavelengths of 1.55 and 2 µm. The devices are structured as pairs of parallel microstrips with widths ranging from 1.4 to 2.2 μm and lengths from 5 to 10 μm. This innovative design may assure large sensitive areas, without affecting the kinetic inductance, namely the time performance of the detectors. The results are discussed in the framework of the hot-spot two-temperature model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance human communication, for example, by improving the quality of our writing, voice or appearance. However, AI mediated communication also has risks—it may increase deception, compromise authenticity or yield widespread mistrust. As a result, both policymakers and technology firms are developing approaches to prevent and reduce potentially unacceptable uses of AI communication technologies. However, we do not yet know what people believe is acceptable or what their expectations are regarding usage. Drawing on normative psychology theories, we examine people's judgements of the acceptability of open and secret AI use, as well as people's expectations of their own and others' use. In two studies with representative samples (Study 1: N = 477; Study 2: N = 765), we find that people are less accepting of secret than open AI use in communication, but only when directly compared. Our results also suggest that people believe others will use AI communication tools more than they would themselves and that people do not expect others' use to align with their expectations of what is acceptable. While much attention has been focused on transparency measures, our results suggest that self‐other differences are a central factor for understanding people's attitudes and expectations for AI‐mediated communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of the longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation times of holes in an ensemble of vertically tunnel‐coupled self‐assembled InAs/In0.53$_{0.53}$Al0.24$_{0.24}$Ga0.23$_{0.23}$As quantum dots (QDs), emitting in the telecom spectral range, are reported. The spin coherence is determined using the spin mode‐locking method in the inhomogeneous ensemble of QDs. Modeling the signal allows us to extract the hole spin coherence time to be in the range of T2=0.02−0.4 $T_{2} &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;equals; 0.02 - 0.4 \textrm{ } \textrm{ } \mu$μs. The longitudinal spin relaxation time T1=0.5 $T_{1} &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;equals; 0.5 \textrm{ } \textrm{ } \mu$μs is measured using the spin inertia method. The parameters investigated allow us to suggest that the main relaxation mechanism at low magnetic fields is related to the electron–hole spin exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Social contact may alleviate loneliness, but little is known about within-person daily fluctuations in loneliness and social encounters. Older adults who feel lonely may engage in different modes of social contact (in-person, phone, digital). This study asked how different forms of contact are associated with loneliness throughout the day. Methods Participants were 313 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65–90). They completed ecological momentary assessments reporting on their social encounters (e.g. type of social partner, mode of contact) and their loneliness every 3 hr for 5–6 days. We differentiated close social ties from ties not identified as close (i.e. weak ties). Results We examined within-person effects using multilevel models. Findings revealed that momentary loneliness predicted a greater likelihood of phone contact in the next 3 hr. However, only in-person contact was associated with lower levels of loneliness. Regarding close and weak ties, momentary loneliness was associated with more in-person and phone contact with close ties, yet fewer in-person contacts with weak ties. In-person contact with both close and weak ties predicted lower levels of loneliness. Discussion Although older adults engage in both in-person and phone contact when they feel lonely, it appears that only in-person contact may reduce loneliness. Digital contact was not widely adopted as a response to momentary loneliness among these older adults. Findings underscore older adults' willingness to maintain regular contact with close ties. Interventions addressing older adults who are lonely may consider innovative approaches to increase in-person contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to address the evolving demands of logistics development by proposing an innovative solution: the Intelligent Cloud-based Logistics Service Platform (LSP), which seamlessly integrates Cloud Computing (CC) and the Internet of Things (IoT). The primary objective is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics operations through advanced technology integration. Then, short-term logistics Demand Forecasting Model (DFM) and real-time Information Tracking System (ITS) are designed based on the proposed Cloud-based LSP. Specifically, based on Deep Learning, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), and Local Mean Decomposition (LMD), the EEMD-LMD is employed for the logistics DFM. Simultaneously, the proposed real-time logistics ITS is optimized by updating its hardware equipment through the wireless sensor. Then, the Kalman filter is employed for data processing. This work contributes to the ongoing transformation of logistics management, offering practical solutions to meet the dynamic challenges of modern supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard-essential patents (SEPs) are an important technological resource for firms in the telecommunication industry. The utilisation of technological topic analysis to reveal the global development dynamics of SEPs has significant theoretical and practical implications. First, this study defines the phrase extraction rules and constructs a phrase importance evaluation model to extract key technical phrases in the patent text. Second, the extracted key phrases are used as input for the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, and the relative independence (RI) model is proposed to determine the optimal number of topics based on two dimensions of coherence and similarity. Finally, the technological topic analysis based on the improved LDA model is performed on 30,154 texts of declared 5G SEPs. The results show that (1) the RI model can better identify the optimal number of topics for the LDA model; (2) 23 key technologies and four hot spots in 5G are identified based on the improved LDA model; (3) different firms have different technological layouts, and the diversification trend of technology development appears; and (4) the forecasting results also reveal the dynamics of emerging and declining technical areas in the 5G industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development and application of 5G technology, more efficient and faster mobile communication has become an essential tool in logistics transportation and warehousing processes. Logistics supply chain management (SCM) is a logistics management system centered around the core products or business of the supply chain, as well as a logistics management system organized around the core logistics business. As an important part of logistics SCM, logistics control requires real‐time monitoring and adjustment of transportation, warehousing, distribution, and other links. Mobile communication technology can provide real‐time positioning, tracking, monitoring, and data transmission functions, which provides strong technical support for logistics control. It can also optimize logistics scheduling and improve logistics efficiency and accuracy, thereby reducing transportation costs and improving logistics quality and efficiency. This article aimed to explore the relationship between mobile communication technology and logistics SCM and control, and to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for research. The research results indicated that under the same other conditions, 38 and 37 people rated the X system as liked by companies A and B, accounting for 95% and 92.5% respectively; only 4 and 1 people rated the Y system as liked, accounting for 10% and 2.5% respectively; the likes and dislikes of the X system were much higher than those of the Y system. This indicated a positive relationship between mobile communication technology and logistics SCM and control systems. Logistics SCM and control based on mobile communication technology has become an important direction and development trend in current research on logistics SCM and control. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern healthcare increasingly requires interprofessional teams to collaborate both in person and virtually to effectively achieve common goals. To prepare students for interprofessional collaborative practice (CP) universities need evaluation tools that can validly and reliably measure students' CP competencies after online and in-person interprofessional education. The Jefferson Teamwork Observation Guide® (JTOG) is a 360-degree evaluation tool previously validated to measure nationally-defined CP competencies. The psychometrics of the Individual JTOG have been examined in a sample of interprofessional healthcare students after online interprofessional education. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Individual JTOG in 709 students after in-person interprofessional education using Rasch Modeling and compared results across collaborative settings and student professions. Results indicated that item and person statistics, unidimensionality, scaling performance, and local independence of the Individual JTOG were comparable between online and in-person samples, suggesting it is consistent in its measurement of CP competencies across collaborative settings. Psychometric properties were strong, but ceiling effects were present. Minor deviations were found in the Individual JTOG's unidimensionality between professional groups. The Values and Ethics construct was more strongly separated from others for nursing than other health professions. Recommendations for future research and possible adaptations to the instrument are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic waves are one of the tensions around agricultural plants, which have recently been widely used due to the development of telecommunication technology. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during the years 2020-2021 at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University to investigate the effect of WiFi electromagnetic wave (WEW) on the seed germination and growth characteristics of camelina. Seeds were exposed to Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation at 15 cm (ER 15) and 25 cm (ER 25) cm from the modem for 24 hours (Pre-sowing treatment). The results showed that the germination percentage of seeds treated with WEW decreased by 24%. and this decrease was observed among growth factors such as hypocotyl length (20-43%), number of siliques per plant (56%), thousand seed weight (43%). Conversely, the root length, plant height, seed per silique and dry plant weight were increased by 24.6, 60.9, 10.5 and 56.3% under WEW treatment, respectively. Overall, this study showed that grain yield was greatly affected by electromagnetic waves and increased by about 23.45%. In general, among all the growth parameters, the correlation of the GY was positive and significant with DPW (r=0.735*), PH (r=0.669*) and SPS (r=0.659*). This result highlights the necessity for a better understanding of the mechanisms of electromagnetic waves in crops to help better seedling establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxicity in online social interactions is a growing and significant concern. The current focus has been on the broader effects of toxicity, such as polarization, misinformation, and moral outrage. However, to advance our understanding of online toxicity, we also need to consider the role of the online and disembodied nature of interactions in giving rise to such toxicity. The Disembodiment, Anonymity, and lack of Disinhibition (DAD) framework conceptualizes three core roots of impaired social interactions and how they persist in a vicious cycle. An improved understanding of how impaired interactions unfold in the online world can help design interventions that focus on skills and technology for better communication. Online communication is central to modern social life, yet it is often linked to toxic manifestations and reduced well-being. How and why online communication enables these toxic social effects remains unanswered. In this opinion, we propose three roots of online toxicity: disembodiment, limited accountability, and disinhibition. We suggest that virtual disembodiment results in a chain of psychological states primed for deleterious social interaction. Drawing from differences between face-to-face and online interactions, the framework highlights and addresses the fundamental problems that result in impaired communication between individuals and explicates its effects on social toxicity online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless communication technology is indispensable in our daily lives, but it also results in serious electromagnetic radiation pollution. Hence, developing smart electromagnetic interference shielding materials with adjustable electromagnetic wave (EMW) responses holds significant promise for future electromagnetic shielding devices. In this study, we propose an electromagnetic shielding switch (ESS) characterized by tunable electromagnetic shielding performance achieved by fabricating a three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube-based spacer fabric (CNT-SF) and modifying CNT-SF with chemical vapor deposition (CCNT-SF). The CCNT-SF displays direction-dependent electrical conductivity by manipulating the warp and weft density, measuring 128 S/m transversely and 447 S/m vertically. This characteristic allows the CCNT-SF to transmit or shield EMW by adjusting the angle of EMW incidence through fabric rotation, resulting in anisotropic electromagnetic shielding performance (33 dB transversely and 87 dB vertically). This feature enables switchable shielding with an on/off ratio of 2.64. Furthermore, the unique 3D structure confers excellent mechanical properties on the fabric, with compressive strength reaching 120 kPa. As a flexible, lightweight, and mechanically robust ESS, the CCNT-SF holds promising prospects for mitigating the challenges of increasingly severe and intricate electromagnetic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the evolution of television news in India, specifically focusing on the rise of TV news debates and the increasing levels of incivility and impoliteness in these debates. It traces the origins of television news in India and highlights the shift from government-controlled news to private news channels. The article also examines the role of profit-driven objectives in shaping the content of TV news debates and the impact of sensationalism on public discourse. It discusses the underrepresentation of women in these debates and the influence of guest selection on the tone and substance of discussions. The article concludes by emphasizing the negative consequences of incivility on public trust and democratic discourse. [Extracted from the article]

The demand for creative solutions to help migrate fish and conservation efforts grows as aquatic environments experience more and more pressure from humans and fragmentation of habitat. The utilization of hydroacoustic technology for communication in conjunction with smart fish pathway architecture is the main emphasis of this research to improve rehabilitation efforts for aquatic environments. Using sophisticated systems for tracking and regulation to improve migratory pathways, the study investigates cutting-edge solutions in engineering for fish passage. Real-time data capture and transmission are made possible by the application of hydroacoustic technology for communication, which means that fish populations and monitoring systems can effectively communicate. The creation of intelligent fish passage structures with actuators, sensors, and communications components is a major focus of the research. The best passage efficiency of these structures is ensured by their dynamic adaptation to fish behavior and variables in the environment. An essential interface for gathering information on behavior, evaluating migratory trends, and putting adaptive management plans into practice is hydroacoustic communications technology. In order to assess the efficacy of the hydroacoustic communication technology and smart fish passage design in a variety of aquatic habitats, a thorough field investigation is part of the suggested methodology. To evaluate the effect on migration of fish rates of achievement, species diversity, and general well-being of the ecosystem, field data will be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent Transportation Systems are witnessing a paradigm shift with the integration of Cooperative Vehicular Networks. The transformations in Intelligent Transportation system in the realistic scenario has posed many research challenges to be addressed. This paper explores a profound survey on impact of vehicles' mobility within the context of real-time scenarios in Cooperative vehicular networks. The dynamic nature of vehicular mobility introduces unique challenges and opportunities for the design and implementation of cooperative systems. It delves into the key components that play a pivotal role for harnessing the full potential of Cooperative vehicular networks such as C-NOMA, Two-Way relaying, cluster formation and collaborative decision-making algorithms for improving latency, link reliability, cluster formation, and interference reduction etc. This paper outlines few surveys on each amalgamated technologies in Vehicular communication and conclude with the research problems in ITS due to vehicles mobility for real time scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to use power line communication technology to re-optimize the power acquisition terminals of electromechanical equipment and improve the efficiency of information acquisition and management of the system grid. This paper analyzes the power and signal composite modulation mode of power line data communication in distributed power grids. Combined with the topology of the communication network in the power transmission process, the management mode of integration of power lines and wireless communication equipment is redesigned. Firstly, the characteristics of power line communication and wireless channel are analyzed. Aiming at the problem that most communication network operators use the fixed relay for communication, the main network communication mode is selected for optimization. Then, the information fusion method is adopted to integrate the network structure of the enterprise, network, and physical layer. The management of wireless communication equipment is carried out by reasonably allocating power resources. Additionally, the structure of the power acquisition terminal model is designed based on strict standards and practice. Finally, the communication fusion method is used for experimental simulation. The results show that when the input current is 1A, the experimental, theoretical value of the system is 3A, and the actual instrument output is close to 5A. When the input current is 6A, the instrument output of the system is 7.5A. Therefore, loading a reasonable load impedance value in the system can optimize the current output value of the model. The paper has important reference value for optimizing electromechanical equipment and power acquisition terminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. In order to solve the problem of high sampling rate and large number of sampling points required by current phase modulation signal parameter estimation methods, a parameter modulation method for multi-channel electronic communication signals based on nonlinear phase principle and deep learning is proposed. Firstly, classify and introduce the modulation methods, and propose a new algorithm for identifying instantaneous feature parameters. The author conducted nonlinear phase principle modulation recognition on seven typical digital signals: 2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK, 4FSK, 2PSK, 4PSK, and 16QAM. Using the author's algorithm, experiments were conducted on the recognition of seven digital nonlinear phase modulation signals under different signalto- noise ratios. As can be seen from the results, when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to 10dB, the recognition accuracy of the seven digital nonlinear phase modulation signals can reach 100%, verifying that the new algorithm proposed by the author improves the recognition accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of wireless communication technology demands antennas that can achieve significant gain while functioning across diverse frequency ranges. Numerous studies have aimed to enhance the gain and radiation properties of such antennas. However, when these antennas operate near the human body, their performance regarding return loss, gain, radiation pattern, and specific absorption rate (SAR) are influenced by the interaction and absorption of human tissue. To enhance overall antenna performance, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces have been introduced. Numerous studies have been conducted to improve antenna performance through the use of AMC surfaces. This paper proposes a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed wearable antenna integrated with an AMC array. The integrated antenna is expected to operate at both 2.45 GHz and 5.5 GHz, making it suitable for applications in wireless local area networks (WLAN) and wireless body area networks (WBAN). The study focuses on the benefits of the integrated antenna, highlighting advantages such as improved gain and lowered SAR in comparison to the antenna alone. These improvements are validated through both simulated and measured outcomes. This antenna, featuring a simple feed structure, low cost, and ease of fabrication, is a promising option for wearable medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the progress of communication technologies, diverse information is transmitted in distributed systems via a network model. Concurrently, with the evolution of communication technologies, the attacks have broadened, raising concerns about the security of networks. For dealing with different attacks, the analysis of intrusion detection system (IDS) has been carried out. Conventional IDS rely on signatures and are time-consuming for updation, often lacking coverage for all kinds of attacks. Deep learning (DL), specifically generative methods demonstrate potential in detecting intrusions through network data analysis. This work presents a bidirectional generative adversarial network (BiGAN) for the detection of cyberattacks using the IoT23 database. This BiGAN model efficiently detected different attacks and the accuracy and F-score values achieved were 98.8% and 98.2% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication technology helps protesters organize, but also allows the government to monitor and repress their actions. We study this trade‐off in a model where protesters want to show up at the same time and place, but also want to avoid government forces. If leaders of a movement can send messages observed only by other protesters, they can successfully coordinate on a variety of sites and force the government to spread resources thin, helping the success of the movement. If the government always observes the messages too, protesters can do no better than always going to a “focal site” knowing that the government will send all resources there as well, and thus experience higher levels of repression for the sake of coordinating tactics. Intermediate cases where messages are partially observed generate dynamics where new technologies and media that are relatively known to other protesters and not the government are used until the government can reliably infiltrate them and the protesters move on to a new medium. When some protesters are more informed than others, the model can explain protest tactics observed in recent prominent cases like having smaller “parallel” protests at the same time but different location of the main gathering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family law services assisting clients with post-separation parenting arrangements can play a key role in encouraging collaborative communication between separating parents. Increasingly, this communication takes place by digital means. Services and practitioners need to understand which communication technologies (CTs) are used by their clientele, how they are experienced in both positive and negative ways, and why some technologies might be favoured over others as a result. This paper reports on an exploratory mixed methods study of the use and misuse of ‘everyday’ CTs (text/instant messaging, email and social media) among parents accessing post-separation services in Victoria, Australia. A survey of 118 clients was followed by interviews with 12 participants. Post-separation clients readily differentiated between common CTs in terms of the extent to which they were helpful or unhelpful for co-parenting. Most participants had recent experience of some form of CT misuse by their ex-partners. An improved understanding of client experiences will help post-separation services incorporate explicit discussion of CT use in the negotiation of parenting arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces StreetTalk, an original qualitative research methodology inspired by social media influencers, to investigate perceptions and experiences of energy insecurity among New York City (NYC) residents. Briefly, energy insecurity is defined as difficulty meeting household energy needs due to affordability, housing quality, outages and coping strategies. This present study employs dynamic short-form interviews with 34 participants from all five NYC boroughs of diverse economic, and racial/ethnic backgrounds. Thematic analysis of video-recorded interviews revealed six major energy insecurity-related categories: (1) conservation and trade-offs, (2) physical inefficiencies, (3) thermal agency, (4) response to the bill, (5) disappointment and distrust in energy-related authorities, and (6) desire for and barriers to clean energy adoption. These themes provide insight into NYC residents' experiences with energy insecurity and are consistent with prior research. Beyond new scholarly insights, this study introduces StreetTalk, an innovative qualitative research methodology emphasizing rapid data collection and dissemination through social media platforms, including TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube (@hotandcold_nyc). Taking advantage of modern technology and modes of communication, the research team was able to effectively break down barriers to academic research consumption as the videos achieved substantial engagement, with almost 200,000 views and impressions within the first year of launching this novel street-based data collection and social media dissemination campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the efforts of not only companies, but also governments in different countries are aimed at the development of 5G technologies. On the one hand, the introduction of 5G is an expensive process that requires investments in the development, deployment and maintenance of infrastructure, the involvement of a large number of market participants and service providers, the creation of a stimulating and regulatory legislative framework, the provision of radio frequencies of a more efficient spectrum, the solution of patenting issues. On the other hand, the introduction of 5G technologies will be aimed at developing the economy of many industries, creating social benefits, reducing energy intensity, and will create new opportunities for companies. Currently, the benefits of the digital economy can be most used by the United States, the Republic of Korea and China, which have the highest rates of 5G adoption in the world. The countries of the European Union are also interested in the development of 5G technologies. We analysed key 5G technologies for 74,940 related patents for 23 EU countries for the period 2012–2021. It is shown that the leaders in the number of 5G patents were Sweden, Germany, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Ireland. It is noteworthy that countries can either focus on developing a small number of technologies, or develop a wide range of them. Since 2018, France, Estonia and Germany demonstrate the greatest number of technological specializations primarily creating inventions related to 5G data processing. At the same time, the USA, the Republic of Korea and China still retain their competitive advantages in fields of basic electric elements and electric communication technique for fifth generation networks. To improve positions in the global technology market the EU countries need to specialize in rarer and more complex technologies and develop national policies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern society, with the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for indoor living environment are also increasing. With its advantages of high speed, high stability, low latency, and large capacity, 5G communication technology achieves a more intelligent, comfortable, and safe indoor environment through intelligent and digital means, which provides the possibility for indoor design to become a new, interactive, and experiential indoor design. This article aimed to explore interactive spatial experiential interior design based on 5G communication. This article explored how to create more comfortable, convenient, and efficient indoor spaces through digital and intelligent methods, and compared them with traditional methods in terms of transmission speed, visualization effects, intelligent interactivity, and spatial fidelity. The experimental results showed that in terms of intelligent interactivity, the maximum and minimum intelligent control sensitivity scores of the five devices under 5G communication technology were 8.74 and 6.31 respectively; the maximum value of response speed score was 8.60 and the minimum value was 6.07; the maximum value of stability score was 8.79 and the minimum value was 6.08; the average scores were 7.69, 7.39, and 7.49, respectively; compared to traditional methods, intelligent interactivity was better. The interactive spatial experiential interior design based on 5G communication can better create a more comfortable, pleasant, and convenient indoor space, and enhance users' perception and interactive experience in the indoor space, thereby meeting users' needs for the living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint utilization of the Fifth Generation Communications Technology (5G) and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) serves as a promising solution to address the challenges associated with insufficient visible satellites and lower observation quality in urban environments. 5G allows for the angle and distance measurements, augmenting the performance of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning. To quantify the improvement of 5G observations on RTK positioning, this paper proposes a float solution gain factor and the Ambiguity Dilution of Precision (ADOP) gain factor. Based on these gain factors, the theoretical analysis and simulation are performed. This study designs an extended Kalman filter for 5G-assisted BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) RTK positioning, employing both the Full Ambiguity Resolution (FAR) and Partial Ambiguity Resolution (PAR) modes. Our experiment verified the effectiveness of 5G-assisted BDS RTK positioning in mitigating outlier occurrences and improving the ambiguity fixing rate as well as the positioning accuracy. In the FAR and PAR modes, the Three-Dimensional (3D) spatial accuracy increased by 48% and 18.8%, respectively, and the results are consistent with theoretical analysis based on gain factors. The fixing rate of RTK increased from 11.11% to 13.93%, while it increased from 32.58% to 44.43% for the PAR mode. The assistance of 5G observations reduced the median error for the FAR mode from over 1.3m to 0.9 m, and the third quartile from 2.1m to 1.05 m. For the PAR mode, the median error decreased from 0.5m to 0.12 m, and the third and fourth quartiles decreased from 0.65m to 0.38 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern optical systems are important components of contemporary electronics and communication technologies, and the design of new systems has led to many innovative breakthroughs. This paper introduces a novel application based on deep reinforcement learning, D3QN, which is a combination of the Dueling Architecture and Double Q-Network methods, to design distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Traditional design methods are based on time-consuming iterative simulations, whereas D3QN is designed to optimize the multilayer structure of DBRs. This approach enabled the reflectance performance and compactness of the DBRs to be improved. The reflectance of the DBRs designed using D3QN is 20.5% higher compared to designs derived from the transfer matrix method (TMM), and these DBRs are 61.2% smaller in terms of their size. These advancements suggest that deep reinforcement learning, specifically the D3QN methodology, is a promising new method for optical design and is more efficient than traditional techniques. Future research possibilities include expansion to 2D and 3D design structures, where increased design complexities could likely be addressed using D3QN or similar innovative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]