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The literature review presented in the bachelor thesis focuses on the ma-nagement and characterization of cattle breeding, specifically the Aberdeen Angus, Limousin, and Charolais breeds. The following chapter describes ecological ag-riculture, as the thesis includes companies that breed cattle in organic farming. The upcoming chapter of the thesis centers on the reproduction of beef cattle breeds. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a comprehensive and continuous analysis throughout the year by which to evaluate the level of reproduction and ma-nagement. The practical part focuses on evaluation the course of delivery, pregnancy diagnosis results, weight of calves at birth and weaning, and the results from semen examination. The data for this thesis were collected from six companies using ac-companying lists of cattle, animal husbandry records, and bull spermograms. In the conclusion of the thesis, the results are summarized and evaluated. Companies specializing in Limousin and Charolais breeding include their bulls in herd for approximately two months. The company that focuses on breeding Aberdeen Angus has its bulls in herd for most of the year. More frequent occurrence of difficult births was recorded for the Limousin breed at the Rolnická Skalná company, and their number significantly exceeded the average incidence of complicated births for this breed. A higher incidence of di-fficult births was also analyzed for the Charolais breed at the SPO-ZEM Nový Kos-tel company. The number of difficult births recorded at the company specializing in breeding Aberdeen Angus slightly exceeded the breed's average. The highest success rate of pregnancy was found in the companies SPO-ZEM Nový Kostel, Farmy Třebeň, and Anonymu. The Naturland company achieved unsatisfactory levels of pregnancy rates. Companies breeding Limousin achieved lower birth weights, nonetheless the values were satisfactory. Weaning weights of calves in these companies were suita-ble. Companies focused on breeding Charolais achieved unsatisfactory average birth weight values but excellent weaning weight values. For the Aberdeen Angus breed, satisfactory average weaning weight was achieved for heifers, while the weight of bulls was lower than usual for the breed. From the total of 12 monitored bulls, all were fertile at the beginning of the breeding season, infertility was diagnosed in three bulls, and one bull had a high number of immobile spermatozoa. In these bulls, a treatment was applied, which was found to be effective only in two breeding males after the third collection. Bulls for which the treatment was ineffective were removed from the breeding pro-gram.

The thesis assesses the factors of growth ability of calves in herds of Hereford beef cattle. Herds of six separate breeders were evaluated throughout the years between 2018 and 2021. The total of 1393 purebred calves were included in the assessment. The data was sorted by sex, year and month of birth of the calves, the father of calves and birth order of the mother. The subject of the observation were weights of the calves at birth and at 120, 210 and 365 days.

Diarrheal diseases are one of the most common diseases of calves. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate the incidence and causes of (infectious and non-infectious) diarrheal diseases in calves during the dairy feeding period in selected breeding of dairy cattle. From January to December 2022, a total of 276 cases of di-arrhea were evaluated, of which 38% were infectious. Cryptosporidium parvum was determined to be the most common cause of infectious diarrhea using a rapid stable test. Bacterial causes of diarrhea were not diagnosed. The cause of non-infectious diarrheal diseases was deficiencies in colostral nutrition of calves, e.g., late feeding of calves after birth. Management of colostral nutrition in the farm will require cor-rective measures.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the influence of feed additives on the frequency of diarrheal diseases in the first stages of the dairy period, the influence of weight gain and the assessment of selected hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of calves.

The bachelor's thesis deals with the nutrition of calves until weaning and later the overall economic evaluation of both nutrition and breeding. The nutrition of calves is very important for the future benefits for the health of the calf and its subsequent utility in cattle breeding. For us, the nutrition of every living individual means certain investments. In this case, it is important to evaluate the investment correctly. There should be no shortage of resources for proper nutrition. The bachelor's thesis contains information on the individual nutritional periods of calves, namely colostrum, dairy and plant. It describes the recommended parameters that must be observed in nutrition and feeding technology. The work also deals with the technology of breeding and an overview of serious diseases of calves. Subsequently, the economic evaluation of calf breeding is described here. The bachelor's thesis evaluates the economic side of calf breeding. The company was characterized and the breeding of weaned calves was evaluated from an economic point of view. The final chapter points out several possible solutions to improve the nutrition of calves.

Thesis contains informations about right stabling and nutrition of calfs. It´s include importance of probiotic supplements and their influence to growth and health of cows. Newborns weight in seven days after birth was similar (54 kg) in every of three groups. Significant diferences were registered at the end of these monitoring, in ninety days after birth. First Group witch consumed RumiForm Digest had average wight 126 kg. Groups witch consumed RumiForm Digest with bacteria mixture, had average weight 146 kg. In every monitored groups diarrheal was detected. The biggest frequency was detected at group, witch consumed RumiForm Digest with bacteria mixture. There was detected 9% diarrheal diseases in total 48 calfs. Deads were detected only in the group of calfs whitche eat RumiForm Digest with probiotics during the experiment. Total mortality was less thas 2%. There wasn´t shown influence of probiotics to calfs growth (p-value (calves weight on the 7th day after birth) = 0,63; p-value (calves weight on the 90th day after birth) = 0,31, p-value greater than 0,5), either to calfs health (p-value (comparison of diarrhea rates) = 0,67; p-value (death) = 0,82, p-value greater than 0,5). Can not be said, that the eating of probiotics supplements had pozitive influence to calfs grow and health.

The target of the research was to analyze the effect of antidiarrheal feed additives on calves average daily weight gain. In the study, 120 calves were analyzed. Newborns were selected into 3 treatment groups, control (without supplementation) and group with Ascophyllum nodosum (prebiotics), and mixture of Lactobacillus sporogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (probiotics). Individual body weight of animal were determined after 2 hours postpartum. Monitoring of the growth intensity, as well as health status were done till 56 days of age. Significant effects (P, Cílem této studie bylo prokázání vlivu krmných aditiv s protiprůjmovým účinkem na hmotnostní přírůstky a zdraví telat. Do experimentu bylo zařazeno celkem 120 telat. Po narození byla telata rozdělena do tří skupin: Ascophyllum nodosum (hydrolyzát hnědých mořských řas, prebiotikum), kombinaci Lactobacillus sporogenes, Enterococcus faecalis a Bifidobacterium bifidum (probiotikum) a kontrolní skupinu. Všechna telata byla zvážena do dvou hodin po narození. Přírůstky a zdravotní stav byly sledovány od narození do 56. dne věku. Ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou byl nalezen signifikantní vliv aplikovaných krmných aditiv u probiotické skupiny u hmotnostních přírůstků 21. den po otelení (P

This bachelor thesis occupies with the impact of quality of colostrum on calf passive immunity. The passive imunity decides about immunity of organism in early phases of its life. The bachelor thesis has two parts - literature reserch and own work, which is results of study and recommendations related to the farm where this study was realized. Own work describe methodes of evaluation of quality of colostrum and level of passive immunity in calves. The expert part of this work deals by the characteristics of the Holstein breed, prenatal care for the mother, calf nutrition, diseases of digestive and respiratory tract, characteristics of colostrum and immunity.

The bachelor's thesis includes the physiology of the digestive tract in cattle and deals with the nutrition of weaned calves. This topic includes colostrum nutrition in the first days of life after the birth of a calf. It is the most important period in nutrition in general, because it affects the production of passive immunity of calves and thus future performance. The next stage is nutrition with milk or milk compound feed. The later performance associated with the proper development of the rumen is also affected by the administration of the starter during the dairy period. The next chapters summarize calf diseases associated with dietary deficiencies, which are mainly diarrheal diseases. The final chapters suggest the treatment and prevention of these diseases.

The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate changes in hematological parameters in the postnatal period of calves. The literature review describes blood composition, physical properties of blood, hematological parameters and cryptosporidia, which are occurs commonly found in calves. We included 18 calves of holstein cattle and czech calves in the experiments red-spotted cattle, which we divided into two groups according to age. Observation started at 20 days of calf age and ended at 300 days of calf age. The results show that that hematological parameters change in postnatal calves. Concentration erythrocytes increased from birth to 140 days of age, but then with increasing age of calves there was a gradual decrease in the concentration of erythrocytes (from 10,35 × 1012/L at 7,45 × 1012/L).The hematocrit value (from 0,34 l/l to 0,27 l/l), hemoglobin concentration (from 133 ? g/l to 106 ? g/l) and mean erythrocyte volume had similar dynamics, (from 35,57 ? 1,44 fl to 33,12 fl). The leukocyte count in group 2 was in the refer-ence range for adult cattle (8,68 ? to 12,96 ? G/l), but in group 1 (c. parvum, c. bo-vis) they exceeded the reference range, especially in the period between 160.-180. bot-tom (12,96 G/l). The most stable percentage was lymphocytes, which accounted for 59,55 to 78,26% of the total number. In contrast, neutrophilic granulocytes had a signifi-cant tendency to decrease (from 31,70% to 14,53%). Anyway thus, there was a gradual percentage decrease in monocytes (from 9,17% to 7,51%). Platelet counts fluctuated slightly, but the average proportion ranged between 631,83-652,21 G/l.

The thesis contains a literature review of basic aspects of the nutrition of calves. This is the nutrition of the calf from the prenatal period to the nutrition of calves in each category of development separately. These are colostrum nutrition, the period of milk nutrition and plant nutrition. The work also deals with the technology of feeding and specifically active substances in the nutrition of calves (additives).

The Bachelor work deals calf nutrition to weaning in housing technology. The total development and health of calves influence of various factors, not only prenatal, but also in the postnatal period. However with successful weaning of calves We achieve basic of cattle breeding. Everything is dependent on maintenance, which is great for good health and production of calves parametres. For great economics of breed is very important to ensure relationship of stabling technology, which is the main aim of calves breeding. At the bachelor work is assessed the concept of calf nutrition a their housing and other parametres affected their health and general welfare of animal. At the first part of my work desribe the generally calf nutrition. After that especially colostrum period which is the best priority for great herd and milk period which is important as well to the weaning. At the second part the work describe housing technology of calves periods which is great for every breed. Here is too introducing chapter of the worst mistakes which we can see at the companies. The Bachelor work desribed concepts of calf nutrition at the agricultural company and their requirements for housing technology. This priority are very important for agricultural company and others subjects of farm production. At the end of my work recommended some resolutions of calves nutrition.

This bachelor thesis “Rumen acidosis in different categories of cattle“ is divided into five basic chapters. The first chapter of the work contains a general, morphological and physiological description of the digestive tract in adult cattle and calves. This chapter is followed by further subchapters concerning the development of the digestive tract in calves. The next part of the work is digestion and metabolism of the basic nutrients (carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances and lipids) in the prestomach of both these categories. The last chapter deals with the main topic of this bachelor thesis of rumen acidosis in adult cattle and calves, their etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, prevention and influence of acidosis on milk composition.

This bachelor thesis deals with ethological observation of cattle of (in) different age. There are three groups of Czech fleckvieh cattle, dairy cows, pregnant heifers and calves. The aim of the study was get to know and compare behavior of each group. The results were given into an etogram and then processed into charts. Each group was monitored for 8 hours. There was observed lying, standing, rumination, feeding, drinking, defecation and urination, comfortable behavior, social behavior, sexual behavior and moving. Dairy cows spent the most of the time by lying, pregnant heifers by standing and calves spent the most of the time by feeding themselves.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the level of passive immunization of calves (expressed in total protein, g/l in blood serum) in selected beef cattle breeding. In the monitored period 2014-2016, a total of 205 samples of calf serum were evaluated. The selected factors were: the length of dry period and parity, colostrum quality, the time of first intake of colostrum after birth, the weight and sex of the calf. An adequate level of passive immunity was found in 90.2% of calves. This result was also reflected in low calf mortality rates in monitored years: 1.16% (2014), 1.15% (2015) and 1.23% (2016). At the level of passive immunization, the time of the first colostrum intake (P < 0,001), parity (P = 0,0002), colostrum quality (P = 0,0061) and the length of dry period (P = 0,0008) were the most important factors. The other evaluated factors (sex and birth weight of calves) were not statistically significant. Colostrum period management is essential for the rearing of healthy calves and profitability of breeding.

This bachelor thesis occupies with the impact of quality of colostrum on calf passive immunity. Colostral immunity represents important milestone in calf life which decides about immunity of organism in early phases of its life. The first part deals with the nutrition of calves, mainly focused to the colostral period. Diseases of digestive and respiratory tract which occur often in calves from birth to weaning and cause huge economic losses are characterized in the second part. Chapters in the third part describe methodes of evaluation of quality of colostrum and level of passive immunity in calves. The closing part describes results of study and recommendations related to the farm where this study was realized.

Nutrition of calves to the weaning period is the most important part of the life of the calf, because poor nutrition at colostral and milky period shows signs of the poor feed on the vitality and appearance of the calf. The quality nutrition of animals contributes to their health and good performance. To support settlement of the gastrointestinal tract by appropriate bacteries are used feed additives, such are probiotics, prebiotics or symbiotics. This thesis deals with care of the calves, their nutrition, development of the digestive system and the rearing period. It also gives the brief overview of the feed additives and its practical use.

The aim of bachelors thesis was to evaluate the effect of ambient temperature on the behaviour of calves of the Czech paternal breed of cattle in their outside individual boxes. Besides air temperature, the sex and season of birth of the calf were taken into account.The behaviour, which was recorded, concerned standing and lying of the calf both in and out of the box. The entire observation was conducted on an agricultural holding near Nové Město na Moravě. Observation was carried out once every month, in the period from November 2015 to October 2016. The acquired data was displayed in 5 tables and 10 charts, which correspond to the given issue. According to the results obtained, it is evident, that the increase in ambient temperature has little effect on both male and female calves. Calves are lying and situated in these outside individual boxes mostly from the time of birth until the 15th day of age. The calves dwell in boxes mostly in the fall.

Diarrhoeas in calves pose one of the most serious risks of calf management and cause economic losses. This is the reason why the objective of this paper was to evaluate in operation conditions the effect of selected dietary supplements on the frequency of diarrhoea occurrence in calves in the first stages of the period after weaning for milk nutrition. An agricultural enterprise where the workers were willing to cooperate and provide the biological material was selected: ZEFA Volary. In 2005 {--} 2008 calves were examined from 3 to 6 weeks of age on average. After filling the facility, the calves were divided into a control and experimental group. Blood and faeces samples were taken in selected calves of both groups and subsequently they were evaluated. The calves were treated with dietary supplements and their effect on the frequency of diarrhoeas was subsequently evaluated on the basis of the results of blood examination and recorded data (diarrhoea occurrence, diarrhoea duration, length of treatment, method and length of treatment, date of filling the facility and date of calf load-out, weight at the time of filling and load-out). The results were summarised and evaluated by a statistical programme (STATISTICA 7.0.). No statistically significant difference was proved between the particular calves of the control and experimental group. Based on our observations the effects of the treatment with dietary supplements on the frequency of diarrhoea occurrence in calves were not satisfactory in the first stages of the period after weaning for milk nutrition. But it is to state that some tendencies to reach a higher average weight gain were observed in calves of the experimental group in applied dietary supplements even though these results were statistically insignificant.

There were thyroid glands of 4 calves examined in this work. Calves were of the Holstein breed and were observed during the first 3 months of their life. Investigated parameters included levels of thyroid hormones and their relation to TSH, age related changes in Ca, Mg, P, protein, urea, triglyceride and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GMT) levels in blood plasma, length, width and perimeter of follicles and height of follicular cells. Mean total T4 content was 72,56+-17,76 nmol/l, T3 3,22+-1,04 nmol/l and TSH 0,94+-0,32 ng/ml. There was a positive correlation between the hormones and their free forms, and between T3 and TSH. T4 level rose with age, while T3 level fell. Protein and urea content rose with age as well, triglyceride and GMT content dropped. Ca, Mg and P content was relatively stable during the whole experiment. A higher number of small and medium sized follicles were observed in the thyroid glands. Mean follicle length was 86,24+-45,36 microns. Follicular cells reached a mean height of 7,95+-1,30 microns. All of the follicular parameters were highly individual, except follicular cell height.

Animals do not respond uniformly to stress load. It leads to energy losses and body damage during stressor exposure. One of the hormones activated by stress, providing the repair of the body during and after load, is growth hormone. It acts directly on cells, but mainly through insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which protects cells from apoptosis and promotes their growth and proliferation. Changes in concentrations of IGF-I in the circulation during psychical load at individual excitatory types of calves (EHb+ highly reactive, EHb° medium reactive and EHb- low reactive) are not known. Calves type EHb+ and EHb° are more resistant to stress than EHbtype calves. The aim of our study was to measure the levels of IGF-I immediately after the application of psychical form of load with the calves differentiated according to different types of excitation. Differentiation of excitatory types of calves was done after 20 minute habituation test. Habituation test was performed in habituation chamber. Immediately before and after habituation calves were taken blood from jugular vein by syringe. Blood sampling was allowed to clot in a refrigerator at 4 °C and after 4 to 6 hours, it was centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 10 min. Then serum was drawn in from the syringe and frozen in aliquots volume in eppendorf vessel until further processing at -20 °C. Serum samples of calves were treated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA - test. The highest levels of IGF-I in all types of calves were in the resting blood collection. Within of individual type of excitation in a concentration IGF-I before and after load significant difference was not found. After application of psychical form of stress the concentration of IGF-I in blood of the calves declined., Na stresovú záťaž zvieratá neodpovedajú uniformne. Počas pôsobenia stresovej záťaže dochádza k energetickým stratám a poškodeniu tela jedinca. Jedným z hormónov aktivovaných stresom, zabezpečujúci reparáciu organizmu počas a po záťaži je rastový hormón. Pôsobí na bunky priamo, ale hlavne prostredníctvom inzulínu podobného rastového faktoru-I (IGF-I), ktorý chráni bunky pred rozvojom apoptózy a podporuje ich rast a proliferáciu. Zmeny koncentrácie IGF-I v cirkulácii počas akútnej stresovej záťaže u jednotlivých excitačných typov teliat (EHb+ vysokoreaktívne, EH°strednereaktívne a EHb-nízkoreaktívne) nie sú známe. Cieľom štúdie bolo zmerať hladiny IGF-I tesne po pôsobení psychickej formy záťaže teliat diferencovaných podľa jednotlivých excitačných typov. Teľatá boli zaradené do príslušných excitačných typov v habituačnom teste ktorý trval 20 minút. Habituačný test bol prevedený v habituačnej komore. Tesne pred a po habituačnom teste teľatám bola odobratá krv z krčnej žily pomocou hemosky. Krvné vzorky sa následne nechali voľne zrážať v chladničke pri 4 °C od 4 do 6 hodín a následne boli centrifugované 10 minút pri 1200 otáčkach. Potom sérum bolo odsaté a zamrazené v ependorfkách na -20 °C do ďalšieho spracovania. Vzorky séra získané od teliat boli spracované pomocou imunoenyzmatickej metódy ELISA. Najvyššie koncentrácie IGF-I u všetkých excitačných typov teliat boli v kľudovom odbere. V rámci jednotlivých excitačných typov koncentrácia IGF-I po záťaži klesala avšak nemá štatistickú významnosť. Po aplikácii psychickej formy stresu koncentrácia IGF-I v krvi u teliat klesá.

This bachelor theses describes and introduction into general ethology of cattle and special ethology of calves, the meaning of ethology in cattle breeding, ethological research methods, data collection and its assesment. It also describes senses of cattle such as vision, hearing and taste, smell and touch. The theses also explains the technology of breeding different age phases of calves - colostrum phase, milk feeding phase and plant feeding phase - and describes typical natural behavior of calves in each of these phases. The purpose of this theses is to find out how does the calves behavior change during their life as they get older. The observation has been performed in stages in times between 7am and 5pm and 10 calves containing of all age groups have been observed. The results were counted into avarage and visualized by graphs. These behaviors were examined: lying, standing, feeding, starter consumption, walking and other. It is obvious from the results that calves of age 0 to 6 months spend most of their life lying, in first days of their life up to 77 % of observed time. This behavior is lineary dropping down by increasing age and it is replaced by other behavior such as standing and feeding. In plant feeding phase these behaviors become almost equal and lying takes 27 % of time.

The thesis is about overview of feeding the calves. It briefly summarizes the growth of the calf from the prenatal period through delivery towards areas related to nutrition of each separated calf category. Mainly it is about colostrum food, milk and plant nutrition. This thesis also includes a chapter about animal food additives which are nowadays indispensable part of feed rations in nutrition of calves.

The aim of this diploma thesis was evaluating the influence of temperature of the air on the behaviour of Holstein calves in individual outdoor calf hutches. The experimental part of this thesis has been performed on university's dairy facility Žabčice. Among the analyzed behavioural manifestations were included especially the time spent lying down or standing, outside or inside the hutch. Impact of bodyweight, age, treated or untreated bedding on calves' vital signs were also evaluated. When evaluating the time spent lying down, the laterality was taken into account. In the context of obtained results it can be said that the temperature is important factor, when evaluating its effect on Holstein cal-ves behaviour in invididual hutches. But more important factor affecting calves behavior is their weight and age.

The basis for a successful cattle production is the proper care taking of pregnant cows as well as a sufficient care taking of the new-born calves. During the last years, a big attention has been given to this area because the higher farming quality the higher economic benefits and the lower losses in meat and milk yield will be respectively. For this reason, an influence of different feed supplements (Lactovita, Biopolym, Homeopathics) on haematological and biochemical parameters as well as an effect on weight gain and amounts of microorganisms in new-born calves has been studied. The specific aim of this thesis is to evaluate an influence of these supplements on incidences of diarrhea, microbial activity and to assess its effect on selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters. Three experimental and one control group (ten calves per each) were set up in the chosen company. The experimental groups had a modified feeding ratio between the first and the fourth week of life the calves received either colostrum + 5ml "PVB" homeopathic or colostrum + 5 ml "Biopolym" prebiotics or colostrum + 1 pill of "Lactovita", while the control group received colostrum without supplement. The first day after birth, a blood sample and a microbial smear sample were taken. Second sample collection was carried out in the fourth week of life. The calves were weighed every week. Obtained data were processed graphically and in tables and were statistically evaluated. The influence of mentioned feed additives on weight gain and diarrhea occurrence was evaluated from the obtained results. The most of haematological and biochemical parameters have approximately the same values compared to those found by other authors. There were no significant differences in monitored parameters in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, no influence was found on blood parameters. Only in case of zinc a significant difference was found between treated groups and control (p=0,0012). Changes between the treated groups (independently on control) were observed in haematocrit, total protein content, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Non-significant differences between the tested groups and control were found in haemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, glycaemia, urea, LF, GMT, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. No impact of tested supplements was found on microbial composition. A positive effect of Lactovita, Biopolym and Homeopathic compared to the control group was found in case of weight gain. The obtained results show some positive trends which should be a subject for further research, where total amount of calves per groups is increased to reduce variability.

The diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of calves, especially about the importance of the colostrum period, which is important for the development of their immunity and then dairy period until weaning. Furthermore, the thesis deals with diarrheal diseases of calves. Calves were divided into three groups: one control group and two experimental groups. Experimental groups received dietary supplements. The first group received Lactovita and the second group of Homeopathic. The supplements were administered once a day for a second feeding for 28 days. Calves were weighed within two hours of birth and 60 days of weaning. Diarrhea has been reported in calves. The data was recorded in the table and then statistically evaluated. The data showed a moderate improvement in mean weight gain over 60 days for the Lactovita group compared to the control group by 0.24 kg and a decrease in the increase in the Homeopathic Test Group versus the control group by 1.69 kg. Furthermore, the results showed a slight improvement in the incidence of diarrhea in the Lactovita group compared to the control group by 7.68%. However, the results of the observations were not statistically proven. Thus, there is a lack of efficacy of feed additives administered or a low number of experimental animals on the incidence of diarrheal diseases and the weight gains in calves from the colostrum to weaning.

The thesis is focused on health issues in the rearing of calves depending on the occurrence of complicated births and the level of postpartum care about newborn calves. The literature review describes the physiological calving, factors influencing its process, postpartum care about newborn calves. It also described selected diseases of calves which are considered as the most serious. Own work is based on the data obtained in the period 2011-2013 and was focused on running of the total 357 births, incidence of complications, birth weight of newborn calves, the level of postnatal care about calves, particularly relation with time of the first colostrum intake, the disease incidence, a morbidity and mortality rate within three months of age.

Ensuring proper nutrition to young cattle is essential for its growth and development during rearing and the subsequent performance, including maintenance of the health of animals. Attention is deservedly paid mainly to colostrum nutrition, but also milk nutrition. However there are great reserves due to caregivers work habits and ingrained practices are the highest risk factors that decide the success of rearing. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency on the growth intensity of calves during the milk diet. The observation of calves was carried out from May 2013 to February 2014. Total of 60 randomly selected calves - heifers of the Czech Fleckvieh cattle were analysed. Heifers were divided into two groups (2x30): one group was fed 2 times per day and the second group was fed 3 times per day by the same amount of milk.

Healthy and strong individuals are fundamental in every cattle breeding. Tthe aim of this study was which of these given supplement had the best influence on calf weight gain in early period after weaning to milk nutrition. This research had continued in cooperation with farm in Hakovy Dvory. Calfs were studied from March 2012 to February 2013. They were weaned into outdoor individual box after birth. There were added supplements into their ration in firs two weeks of life. Calfs were partitioned on the base of addend supplement into three experimental groups and one control group. The first weight control of calfs was after birth and the second weight control was in thirty days of life. From the different of theese values was calculated average weight gain. The best significant effect had tested groups Homeopatics and Prebiotics (Biopolym) with average increment 26,9 kilograms. Next tested group was Probiotics (Lactovita) with average increment 26,1 kilograms. The last goup was Contol, there the calfs didn?t have changed ration and their average increment was 23,5 kilograms. From the results of this study is possible to presume, that calfs had positive reaction on supplements added in first days of life and theese had favourable effect to diarrhoea prevention. Prebiotics, homeopatics and probiotics favourable stimulate calfs digestive system and they have general positive effect on calfs physiological condition.

Thesis provides an overview of nutrition and how nutrition of calves. This thesis deals with the importance and need of individual nutriets, minerals, vitamins and technology feeding of calves. The work is focused on the nutritional value and composition of feed administred. These results were obtained in operating conditions. Based on established data it has been suggested recommendations for the optimal compositoon of feed diets and treatment technoloques designed to feed on the farm.

Diarrheal diseases of calves are one of the most serious risks of rearing calves and cause economic losses. For this reason, the objective of this work was to assess the influence of means of support in operating conditions for the incidence of diarrheal disease in calves in the early post-weaning stages. A company was chosen for this work in which both the company employees and an external veterinarian were willing to collaborate and provide not only information about the breed in question, but also biological material. This company was JINOS - AGRO Veselí nad Lužnicí. The calves were observed in the period of April - June 2009. The calves were housed in separate boxes the second day after birth until the average age of 56 days. After storage, they were divided into 5 groups: 4 based on the chosen means of support, and a single control group. Faeces samples were collected from the calves and subsequently evaluated. The calves to whom were administered means of support were then evaluated to assess the effect thereof on the incidence of diarrhea, the duration of diarrhea, the method of treatment, and the duration of treatment. The results were summarized and analyzed using a statistical program (STATISTICA 7.0.). There was no statistically significant difference found between the individual groups and the experimental group. An evident and statistically significant difference was found only in the case of a difference between the drugs of the 2 experimental groups, specifically between Lactovita and Homeopatika. Based on this observation, it can be stated that there was no evidence supporting the effectiveness of administered means of support for the incidence of diarrheal disease in calves in the early post-weaning stages.

The aim of my thesis is to evaluated the dynamics of selected hematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves reared in different environmental conditions. Totally were collected 120 blood samples of calves in age of 1 to 124 days. The animals came from three different breeds with different ways of rearing. The total blood parameters tested in all observed groups were in the normal range. Dynamics of selected hematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma of calves in all groups were relatively similar. It is clear that the calves, while preserving the basic animal hygiene conditions of livestock, can cope with the effects of different technologies of rearing and environmental conditions.

The content of this work is to describe the structural characteristics of the objects and characteristics of production technologies. The main objective is to measure noise levels in selected buildings on their land borders. Measurements were stables for breeding heifers and calves. Furthermore, to ensure data from these measurements and their evaluation.

On a chosen farm were during year 2008 obtained for parasitological examination faecal samples from the rectum of calves. A total of 71 faecal samples from 70 calves was collected and examined by Sheather´s floatation. Thirty-three of the faecal samples were positive on parazites, Cryptosporidium sp. and Eimeria sp. oocysts weres found in the positive samples. Most often diagnosed parasite was Cryptosporidium sp. that was most prevalent in calves 1 {--} 2 weeks old. The infection by Eimeria sp. was highest from the 4th to the 5th week of the calves age. Parazites were mostly prevalent in weak and medium diarrhoea and were rarer in stiff feacal samples. 51,4 % of female´s faecal samples were positive on parazites and 41,7 % of male´s faecal samples were positive on parazites.

During the year 2008, at irregular intervals, we collected samples of faeces directly from calves' rectum for parasite examination. A total of 57 samples from 48 calves was examined. We examined the samples by flotation- cetrifugation according to Sheather. In positive samples, we found oocyst of Eimeria sp. that were most common in 7 {--} 9 weeks old calves, and oocyst of Cryptosporidium sp., which were found in younger and older calves. In solid faeces, weak, medium and strong diarrhoea we found Eimeria sp., in solid faeces and weak diarrhoea we foung Cryptosporidium sp. The intensity of infection was usually weak. It results by comparison than general parasite prevalence was in the same period (except winter period) lower in individual boxes than in shedded calves.

It is important to take care of calves and their health for good results in beef-raising. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplements Lactovita and Biopolym on the frequency of diarrhoea occurrence in calves in the first stages of the period after weaning for milk nutrition. The experiment was conducted in farmers' cooperation Staré Hobzí, where Holstein Cattle are bred. Two groups of calves were made {--} control and experimental group. In an experimental group dietary supplements to support active immunity were served according to the guideline. In case of diarrhoea occurrence the calves from experimental group were cured in the same way as the calves from control group. The occurrence of disorders during the period of experiment, method and length of treatment were recorded. Recorded data were summarised and statistically evaluated. The calves were examined from 29th February to 20th December. The results proved positive effect of dietary supplements Lactovita and Biopolym, but these results were statistifically insignificant. It is assumed that in case of studying bigger groups the proof of statistical significance will be more probable.