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The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of incidental findings in the temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images. The temporal bone CT scans of 130 patients (69 females and 61 males; mean age: 38.2 years) with a clinical indication for potential temporal diseases were re-evaluated for incidental extratemporal findings by two experienced radiologists. Demographic and radiological data were collected for each patient. A total of 780 incidental extratemporal findings were noted in 129 of 130 patients (99.2%). Incidental extratemporal findings were classified into 9 location groups: intracranial intra-axial, vascular, intracranial extra-axial, bone, lymph node, sinus, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and tonsillar pathologies. Nasal cavity and sinus pathology were the most frequent incidental findings with a rate of 68.5%. Nasal septum deviation (65.4 %) was the most common incidental finding and inferior turbinate hypertrophy was next in frequency (55.4 %). Since incidental extratemporal findings are detected in high frequency (99.2%) in temporal bone CT, all the adjacent anatomical structures should also be evaluated in temporal bone imaging to prevent misdiagnosis and to avoid malpractices by radiologists and otolaryngologists. Although the identification and follow-up of incidental findings are parallel to the clinical significance of lesions, this evaluation is necessary to prevent underdiagnosis that may affect patient's treatment and may even rarely be life-threatening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the misty mesentery sign on computed tomography in patients with ureterolithiasis. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled all consecutive patients with ureteral stone diagnosed in abdominal computed tomography in the 3-year study period. Computed tomography scans were reviewed to assess the presence and interrelations between misty mesentery, ureteral diameter, volume and location of stones, presence of periureteral and perinephric stranding, thickening of the perirenal fascia, nephromegaly, and grade of hydronephrosis. Results: Four hundred thirty-four patients were included in the analysis. Misty mesentery was identified in 62 (14.2%) patients. Patients with misty mesentery were significantly older (mean age=45.2±12.2) than those without (mean age=37.3±10.9) (p=0.022). Perirenal fascial thickening was identified in 101 (23.2<%o) patients and found to be significantly associated with misty mesentery (χ²=7.74, p=0.005). Two hundred patients (46<%o) were noted to exhibit periureteral stranding which was noted to be significantly related with misty mesentery (χ²=13.6, p=0.000). The relationship between misty mesentery andpelvicalyceal ectasia, perinephric stranding, ureteral location of the stone, and nephromegaly were not found statistically significant. Conclusions: Ureterolithiasis can be accompanied by misty mesentery at computed tomography examination. There may be a potential association between ureterolithiasis and misty mesentery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest.

Objectives: Skeletal muscle area (SMA) at T4 level on chest computed tomography (CT) is a newly available method that can be used as a surrogate sarcopenia marker. The objective of this study is to evaluate association of SMA with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients., Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were prospectively recorded in a database containing age, gender, date of admission, date of outcome (discharge, mortality, presence of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, additional coding information (comorbidities, superimposed conditions). Admission CT-scans were retrospectively evaluated for segmentation (bilateral pectoralis major/minor, erector spinae, levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor and major and transversospinalis muscles) and SMA calculation using 3-D slicer software., Results: 167 cases were evaluated (68 male, 72 female, 140 survived, 27 dead). Muscle area was lower in patients with ICU stay (p=0.023, p=0.018, p=0.008) and mortality outcome (p=0.004, p=0.007, p=0.002) for pectoralis, back and SMA. In multivariate Cox-regression analysis, hazard ratio (HR) value for the pectoralis muscle area value below 2800 mm 2 was found to be 3.138(95% CI: 1.171-8.413) for mortality and 2.361(95% CI: 1.012-5.505) for ICU., Conclusions: Pectoralis muscle area measured at T4 level with 3-D slicer was closely associated with adverse outcomes (mortality, ICU stay) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Since early treatment methods for COVID-19 are being evaluated, this method may be a useful adjunct to clinical decision making in regard to prioritization., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest.