20 results on '"Tejaswini S. Kale"'
Search Results
2. Maximized Hole Trapping in a Polystyrene Transistor Dielectric from a Highly Branched Iminobis(aminoarene) Side Chain
- Author
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Brandon J. Barrett, Tejaswini S. Kale, Chen Chi, Taein Lee, Chengchangfeng Lu, Susanna M. Thon, Kenneth J. T. Livi, Tushita Mukhopadhyaya, Evan Plunkett, Patricia McGuiggan, Howard E. Katz, Qingyang Zhang, Arthur E. Bragg, and Daniel H. Reich
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Pentacene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Electrode ,Gate dielectric ,Side chain ,General Materials Science ,Dielectric ,Polystyrene ,Tetracyanoethylene ,Threshold voltage - Abstract
We synthesized highly branched and electron-donating side chain subunits and attached them to polystyrene (PS) used as a dielectric layer in a pentacene field-effect transistor. The influence of these groups on dielectric function, charge retention, and threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth) depending on their positions in dielectric multilayers was determined. We compared the observations made on an N-perphenylated iminobisaniline side chain with those from the same side chains modified with ZnO nanoparticles and with an adduct formed from tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). We also synthesized an analogue in which six methoxy groups are present instead of two amine nitrogens. At 6 mol % side chain, hopping transport was sufficient to cause shorting of the gate, while at 2 mol %, charge trapping was observable as transistor threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth). We created three types of devices: with the substituted PS layer as single-layer dielectric, on top of a cross-linked PS layer but in contact with the pentacene (bilayers), and sandwiched between two PS layers in trilayers. Especially large bias stress effects and ΔVth, larger than those in the case of the hexamethoxy and previously studied dimethoxy analogues, were observed in the second case, and the effects increased with the increasing electron-donating properties of the modified side chains. The highest ΔVth was consistent with a majority of the side chains stabilizing the trapped charge. Trilayer devices showed decreased charge storage capability compared to previous work in which we used less donating side chains but in higher concentrations. The ZnO and TCNE modifications resulted in slightly more and less negative ΔVth, respectively, when the side chain polystyrene was not in contact with the pentacene and isolated from the gate electrode. The results indicate a likely maximum combination of molecular charge stabilizing activity and side chain concentration that still allows gate dielectric function.
- Published
- 2021
3. Torsional Impacts on Quaterthiophene Segments Confined within Peptidic Nanostructures
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John D. Tovar, Tejaswini S. Kale, Alyssa Ertel, and Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
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Circular dichroism ,Materials science ,Protein Conformation ,Stacking ,Sequence (biology) ,Thiophenes ,02 engineering and technology ,Tripeptide ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Protein structure ,Electrochemistry ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,Peptide sequence ,Spectroscopy ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Planarity testing ,Nanostructures ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Luminescent Measurements ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,0210 nano-technology ,Oligopeptides - Abstract
The co-assembly behavior of peptide-π-peptide and peptide-alkyl-peptide triblock molecules that form one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures under acidic, aqueous environments is dependent on the peptide sequence and the torsional constraints imposed within the nanomaterial volume. Although a hydrophilic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Asp-Asp, DDD-) previously promoted isolation/dilution of minority π-electron components in the matrix of aliphatic peptides, a β-sheet promoting sequence (Asp-Val-Val, DVV-) led to blocks of the two components distributed within larger 1D self-assembled nanostructures. Furthermore, torsional restrictions exerted on the oligoaromatic π-electron unit by the self-assembly process can lead to changes in its conformation (for example, planarity), which has ramifications on its functionality within the peptide matrix. Here, we study this impact on thiophene-based π-electron units with inherently different geometries, viz., relatively planar 2,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene and 3″,4'-dimethyl-2,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene, which is twisted at the core bithiophene unit due to the presence of two methyl groups. These peptides were co-assembled at 5 and 20 mol % with peptide- n-decyl-peptide triblock molecules, and the resultant assemblies were studied using UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. We found that torsional restriction in dimethylated quaterthiophene units can impact the stacking behavior of these 1D peptide nanoassemblies and have consequences on their photophysical properties. Additionally, these insights help in the understanding of the dependence of the optoelectronic properties of these materials on both the intrinsic conformation of π-units and the geometric constraints imposed by their immediate local environment under aqueous conditions.
- Published
- 2019
4. Effect of Core Oligomer Length on the Phase Behavior and Assembly of π-Conjugated Peptides
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Kirill Shmilovich, Andrew L. Ferguson, Charles M. Schroeder, John D. Tovar, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Edward R. Jira
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Materials science ,Protein Conformation ,0206 medical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Thiophenes ,Conjugated system ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Oligomer ,Phase Transition ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Molecular dynamics ,Phase (matter) ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,Phase diagram ,Osmolar Concentration ,Temperature ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,020601 biomedical engineering ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,Ionic strength ,Self-assembly ,Protein Multimerization ,0210 nano-technology ,Oligopeptides - Abstract
Biohybrid molecules are a versatile class of materials for controlling the assembly behavior and functional properties of electronically active organics. In this work, we study the effect of the size of the π-conjugated core on the assembly and phase behavior for a series of π-conjugated peptides consisting of oligothiophene cores of defined lengths flanked by sequence-defined peptides (OTX, where X = 4, 5, 6 is the number of thiophene core units). Interestingly, we find that π-conjugated peptides with relatively short OT4 cores assemble into ordered, high aspect ratio, one-dimensional (1D) structures, whereas π-conjugated peptides with longer OT5 and OT6 cores assemble into disordered structures or lower aspect ratio 1D structures depending on assembly conditions. Phase diagrams for assembled materials are experimentally determined as a function of ionic strength, pH, temperature, and peptide concentration, revealing the impact of molecular sequence and π-conjugated core length on assembled morphologies. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are further used to probe the origins of microscale differences in assembly that arise from subtle changes in molecular identity. Broadly, our work elucidates the mechanisms governing the assembly of π-conjugated peptides, which will aid in efficient materials processing for soft electronic applications. Overall, these results highlight the complex phase behavior of biohybrid materials, including the impact of molecular sequence on assembly behavior and morphology.
- Published
- 2020
5. Highly Contrasting Static Charging and Bias Stress Effects in Pentacene Transistors with Polystyrene Heterostructures Incorporating Oxidizable N,N′-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline Side Chains as Gate Dielectrics
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Wei Shi, Howard E. Katz, Qingyang Zhang, Daniel H. Reich, Brian J. Kirby, Evan Plunkett, and Tejaswini S. Kale
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Pentacene ,Computer Science::Hardware Architecture ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Side chain ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Heterojunction ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Threshold voltage ,Semiconductor ,chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Polystyrene ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Voltage - Abstract
Charge storage and trapping properties of polymer dielectrics govern the charge densities of adjacent semiconductors and greatly influence the on–off switching voltage (threshold voltage, Vth) of o...
- Published
- 2018
6. Nonresonant and Local Field Effects in Peptidic Nanostructures Bearing Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) Units
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John D. Tovar, Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Alyssa Ertel
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Circular dichroism ,Photoluminescence ,Exciton ,Molecular Conformation ,Sequence (biology) ,Peptide ,02 engineering and technology ,Tripeptide ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electrochemistry ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Nanostructures ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Polyvinyls ,Peptides ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Peptide nanostructures with built-in electronic functions offer a new platform for biomaterial science. In this report, we interrogate the influences of the immediate peptide environment around oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV3) electronic units embedded within one-dimensional peptide nanostructures on the resulting photophysics as assessed by UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), and circular dichroism spectroscopies. To do so, we studied peptide-core-peptide molecules where the core was either OPV3 or an aliphatic n-decyl chain. Coassemblies of these molecules wherein the π-core was diluted as a minority component within a majority aliphatic matrix allowed for the variation of interchromophore exciton coupling commonly found in homoassemblies of peptide-OPV3-peptide monomers. Upon coassembly of the peptides, a hydrophilic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Asp-Asp-, DDD-) promoted the dilution/isolation of the peptide-π-peptide molecules in the majority peptide-decyl-peptide matrix whereas a hydrophobic tripeptide sequence (Asp-Val-Val-, DVV-) promoted the formation of self-associated stacks within the nanostructures. We also performed temperature variation studies to induce the reorganization of π-electron units in the spatially constrained n-decyl environment. This study elucidates the nonresonant (e.g., conformational) and local peptide field effects enforced within the internal environment of peptide nanomaterials and how they lead to varied photophysical properties of the embedded π-electron cores. It offers new insights on tuning the optoelectronic properties of these types of materials on the basis of the local electronic and steric environment available within the nanostructures.
- Published
- 2017
7. Self-Assembly and Associated Photophysics of Dendron-Appended Peptide-π-Peptide Triblock Macromolecules
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John D. Tovar, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Jeannette E. Marine
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nanostructure ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Peptide ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fibril ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanomaterials ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry ,Dendrimer ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Molecule ,Self-assembly ,0210 nano-technology ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Peptide-π-peptide triblock molecules can self-assemble into 1-D nanostructures with extensive hydrogen-bonding networks under appropriate pH conditions. These materials are of interest due to the embedded π-electron units that can facilitate energy and charge transport within biocompatible peptide matrices. Interactions among amino acid residues presented along these hydrogen-bonded structures lead to hierarchical bundling into larger fibrillar assemblies. This complicates the analysis of individual fibrils, an understanding of which is important for tailoring the functionality of the resulting nanomaterials. Appending large bulky groups onto the peptides should frustrate these bundling interactions and significantly alter the self-assembly behavior by restricting the formation of higher order assemblies. Here we evaluate the self-assembly behavior of peptide-π-peptide molecules appended with poly(alkyl ether) dendrons containing tetraethylene glycol functionalities. These dendrons render the peptide–dend...
- Published
- 2017
8. Sensitive and Selective NO2 Sensing Based on Alkyl- and Alkylthio-Thiophene Polymer Conductance and Conductance Ratio Changes from Differential Chemical Doping
- Author
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Hui Li, Howard E. Katz, Jennifer Dailey, Kalpana Besar, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Kirsten Koehler
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Doping ,Analytical chemistry ,Conductance ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Semiconductor ,chemistry ,Side chain ,Thiophene ,General Materials Science ,Cyclic voltammetry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Alkyl - Abstract
NO2-responsive polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are described, and room-temperature detection with high sensitivity entirely from the semiconductor was achieved. Two thiophene polymers, poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene) and poly(bisdodecylthioquaterthiophene) (PQT12 and PQTS12, respectively), were used as active layers to detect a concentration at least as low as 1 ppm of NO2. The proportional on-current change of OFETs using these polymers reached over 400% for PQTS12, which is among the highest sensitivities reported for a NO2-responsive device based on an organic semiconducting film. From measurements of cyclic voltammetry and the electronic characteristics, we found that the introduction of sulfurs into the side chains induces traps in films of the PQTS12 and also decreases domain sizes, both of which could contribute to the higher sensitivity of PQTS12 to NO2 gas compared with PQT12. The ratio of responses of PQTS12 and PQT12 is higher for exposures to lower concentrations, making...
- Published
- 2017
9. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Self-Assembling Multivalent π‑Conjugated Peptides
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John D. Tovar, Allix M. Sanders, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Howard E. Katz
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Aqueous solution ,010405 organic chemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,General Chemical Engineering ,Carboxylic acid ,Intermolecular force ,General Chemistry ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Article ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Solid-phase synthesis ,chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Organic chemistry ,Molecule ,Self-assembly - Abstract
We present a completely solid-phase synthetic strategy to create three- and four-fold peptide-appended π-electron molecules, where the multivalent oligopeptide presentation is dictated by the symmetries of reactive handles placed on discotic π-conjugated cores. Carboxylic acid and anhydride groups were viable amidation and imidation partners, respectively, and oligomeric π-electron discotic cores were prepared through Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings. Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the three or four peptide axes, these π-peptide hybrids self-assemble into robust one-dimensional nanostructures with high aspect ratios in aqueous solution. The preparation of these systems via solid-phase methods will be detailed along with their self-assembly properties, as revealed by steady-state spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization using field-effect transistor measurements.
- Published
- 2017
10. Regulation of peptide-π-peptide nanostructure bundling: the impact of ‘cruciform’ π-electron segments
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John D. Tovar and Tejaswini S. Kale
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nanostructure ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Peptide ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,Chromophore ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Peptide backbone ,Cruciform ,Yield (chemistry) ,Drug Discovery ,Molecule ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The self-assembly and photophysical properties of peptide-π-peptide molecules with ‘cruciform’ presentation of the π-electron core were studied. Derivatives of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene were incorporated into a peptide backbone via the alkynylation of a central phenyl biscarboxamide core to yield peptide-π-peptide trimers wherein the π-conjugated unit was oblique to the peptide backbone. These molecules exhibited pH triggered self-assembly and yielded 1-D nanostructures with controlled diameters closely corresponding to their molecular lengths. We postulate that this size control is due to the oblique oligophenyleneethynylene (OPE) chromophores effectively blocking the hierarchical associations among the peptide stacks initially formed after self-assembly. Although the molecular design appeared to frustrate the higher order assembly, regardless of the peptide or OPE composition, significant variations in the photophysical properties were observed. The molecular design principles described here can be used to develop fundamental understanding of properties of self-assembled peptide based nanostructures of interest in biotechnological applications.
- Published
- 2016
11. Synthesis, Fabrication, and Heterostructure of Charged, Substituted Polystyrene Multilayer Dielectrics and Their Effects in Pentacene Transistors
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Brian J. Kirby, Howard E. Katz, Grace McClintock, Xin Guo, Daniel H. Reich, Evan Plunkett, Olivia Alley, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Manasa Bhupathiraju
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Materials science ,Organic field-effect transistor ,Polymers and Plastics ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Heterojunction ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Semiconductor device ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Threshold voltage ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Pentacene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Benzocyclobutene ,Materials Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Polystyrene ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Charge trapping and storage in polymer dielectrics can be harnessed to control semiconductor devices. Organic transistor (OFET) gate insulators affect bias stress and threshold voltage (Vth), and charging them can preset the operating voltages and control bias stress. We describe a chemical design and film fabrication procedure for construction of stacks of polystyrene (PS) layers, each with arbitrary concentrations of potentially chargeable functional groups. Thermal cross-linking of benzocyclobutene subunits ensures layer integrity while keeping the layers free of polar functionality and small molecule byproducts. Neutron reflectivity (NR), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that individual layer thicknesses varied systematically with polymer concentration in deposition solutions, and interfacial thicknesses ranged from 1.5 to 4 nm, independent of layer thickness, demonstrating formation of distinct layers with minimal roughness or intermixing. The PS-based materials ...
- Published
- 2016
12. Synthesis and Evaluation of Self-Assembled Nanostructures of Peptide-π Chromophore Conjugates
- Author
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Tejaswini S, Kale and John D, Tovar
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Molecular Structure ,Acylation ,Proteolysis ,Protein Multimerization ,Peptides ,Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques ,Nanostructures - Abstract
Peptides provide a biomolecular scaffold for solubilizing and assembling π-conjugated molecules in aqueous media. The properties of such peptide-π chromophore conjugates can be manipulated by varying the constituent amino acid residues in the peptide backbone as well as the chromophore moieties. Such a precise handle on molecular structure leads to molecules with diverse macromolecular and material properties. We developed a versatile synthetic protocol that leads to a wide range of peptide-π chromophore conjugates in which the chromophores are covalently attached to the peptide backbone such that the chromophore is flanked by two peptide chains. This "trimer" structure lends interesting self-assembly properties to these materials which may be useful for a plethora of biological applications.
- Published
- 2018
13. Synthesis and Evaluation of Self-Assembled Nanostructures of Peptide-π Chromophore Conjugates
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John D. Tovar and Tejaswini S. Kale
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Trimer ,Peptide ,Chromophore ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Covalent bond ,Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques ,Molecule ,Self-assembly ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Peptides provide a biomolecular scaffold for solubilizing and assembling π-conjugated molecules in aqueous media. The properties of such peptide-π chromophore conjugates can be manipulated by varying the constituent amino acid residues in the peptide backbone as well as the chromophore moieties. Such a precise handle on molecular structure leads to molecules with diverse macromolecular and material properties. We developed a versatile synthetic protocol that leads to a wide range of peptide-π chromophore conjugates in which the chromophores are covalently attached to the peptide backbone such that the chromophore is flanked by two peptide chains. This "trimer" structure lends interesting self-assembly properties to these materials which may be useful for a plethora of biological applications.
- Published
- 2018
14. Effects of heteroatom substitution in conjugated heterocyclic compounds on photovoltaic performance: from sulfur to tellurium
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Chang-Yong Nam, D. Choi, Robert B. Grubbs, Tejaswini S. Kale, and Y. S. Park
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Heteroatom ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Photochemistry ,Catalysis ,Polymer solar cell ,law.invention ,Electric Power Supplies ,Heterocyclic Compounds ,law ,Solar cell ,Materials Chemistry ,Moiety ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molecular Structure ,Metals and Alloys ,General Chemistry ,Electron acceptor ,Photochemical Processes ,Sulfur ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Quantum efficiency ,Tellurium - Abstract
We report a general strategy for fine-tuning the bandgap of donor-acceptor-donor based organic molecules by modulating the electron-donating ability of the donor moiety by changing the benzochalcogenophene donor groups from benzothiophenes to benzoselenophenes to benzotellurophenes. These molecules show red-shifts in absorption and external quantum efficiency maxima from sulfur to selenium to tellurium. In bulk heterojunction solar cell devices, the benzoselenophene derivative shows a power conversion efficiency as high as 5.8% with PC61BM as the electron acceptor.
- Published
- 2014
15. Effects of trifluoromethyl substituents on interfacial and bulk polarization of polystyrene gate dielectrics
- Author
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Qingyang Zhang, Daniel H. Reich, Howard E. Katz, Evan Plunkett, and Tejaswini S. Kale
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010302 applied physics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Organic electronics ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,Dielectric ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Threshold voltage ,Pentacene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Thin-film transistor ,Electric field ,0103 physical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,business - Abstract
The ability to control the bulk and interfacial polarization of dielectric polymers is important to their application in organic electronics. We examine the effect of the trifluoromethyl substituent on poly(3-trifluoromethylstyrene) (P3TFMS) as compared to unsubstituted polystyrene (PS) on the I-V relationships of pentacene-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Single- and double-layered films of these polymers were used, with lower layers crosslinked through vinylbenzocyclobutene comonomers before deposition of upper layers. Control experiments verified that the electronic effect of the crosslinking was negligible. We found that the TFM substituent markedly and independently affected both the initial threshold voltage Vth and the nonvolatile, shifted Vth observed after the application of static gate voltage, depending on its position adjacent or apart from the pentacene. The trifluoromethyl-bearing polymers exhibited significantly lower magnitude initial threshold voltages ( Vth,i of ca. −17 V for P3TFMS compared to −35 V for PS), large threshold voltage shifts after charging by the application of static electric fields ( ΔVth of ca. 32 V for P3TFMS and 17 V for PS), and greater stability of the ΔVth under repeated charge/discharge cycles. These results are consistent with P3TFMS having fewer interfacial trap states but more stable bulk trap states. The results are applicable to organo-electronic systems such as piezoelectrics for energy harvesting and nonvolatile OFETs such as memory, sensing, and logic elements.
- Published
- 2019
16. Corrigendum to 'Regulation of peptide-π-peptide nanostructure bundling: The impact of ‘cruciform’ π-electron segments' [Tetrahedron 72 (2016) 6084–6090]
- Author
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John D. Tovar and Tejaswini S. Kale
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Crystallography ,Nanostructure ,Cruciform ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Tetrahedron ,Nanotechnology ,Peptide ,Electron ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2017
17. Charge Mobility in Nonconjugated Dendrons with Charge Transport Functionality in Every Layer
- Author
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Kothandam Krishnamoorthy, Sankaran Thayumanavan, Mukundan Thelakkat, and Tejaswini S. Kale
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Electron mobility ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Chemical physics ,Dendrimer ,Field effect ,High density ,General Materials Science ,Charge (physics) ,Field-effect transistor ,Nanotechnology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Hole-transporting triarylamine units have been incorporated along the periphery of different generations of a benzyl ether dendrimer, and their field effect mobilities were measured. The charge mobility was found to decrease with generation. We observed that increasing the density of charge transport units in the dendrimer by incorporating triarylamines in every layer of the dendrimer improves the hole mobility in all generations. The mobility increases 4-fold from generation zero to one; the mobility drops and levels off at higher generations. We find that lower generation dendrimers with high density of charge transporting functionalities may prove to be good candidates for applications such as organic photovoltaics. Considering the versatility of dendrons as components of solid state nanoassemblies, the studies here provide useful guidelines for incorporating charge transport functionalities in these branched architectures.
- Published
- 2010
18. Supramolecular Assemblies of Amphiphilic Homopolymers
- Author
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Tejaswini S. Kale, Sankaran Thayumanavan, Bhooshan C. Popere, and Akamol Klaikherd
- Subjects
Macromolecular Substances ,Polymers ,Surface Properties ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Micelle ,Pattern Recognition, Automated ,Surface-Active Agents ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Polymer chemistry ,Amphiphile ,Electrochemistry ,Copolymer ,Nanotechnology ,General Materials Science ,Micelles ,Spectroscopy ,Fluorescent Dyes ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Solvation ,Proteins ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Polymer ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Kinetics ,Monomer ,Models, Chemical ,Chemical engineering ,Solvents ,Protein Multimerization ,Peptides ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Amphiphilic molecules self-assemble in solvents because of the differential solvation of the hydrophilic and lipophilic functionalities. Small-molecule surfactants have long been known to form micelles in water that can solubilize lipophilic guest molecules in their water-excluded interior. Polymeric surfactants based on block copolymers are also known to form several types of aggregates in water owing either to the mutual incompatibility of the blocks or better solvation of one of the blocks by the solvent. Incorporating amphiphilicity at smaller length scales in polymers would provide an avenue to capture the interesting properties of macromolecules and fine tune their supramolecular assemblies. To address this issue, we designed and synthesized amphiphilic homopolymers containing hydrophilic and lipophilic functionalities in the monomer. Such a polymer can be imagined to be a string of small-molecule surfactants tethered together such that the hydrophilic and lipophilic functionalities are located on opposite faces, rendering the assemblies facially amphiphilic. This feature article describes the self-assembly of our amphiphilic homopolymers in polar and apolar solvents. These homopolymers not only form micelles in water but also form inverse micelles in organic solvents. Subtle changes to the molecular structure have been demonstrated to yield vesicles in water and inverted micelles in organic solvents. The characterization of these assemblies and their applications in separations, catalysis, and sensing are described here.
- Published
- 2009
19. Low band gap thiophene-perylene diimide systems with tunable charge transport properties
- Author
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Ganapathy Balaji, Tejaswini S. Kale, Ashok Keerthi, Andrea M. Della Pelle, Suresh Valiyaveettil, and Sankaran Thayumanavan
- Subjects
Electron mobility ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Band gap ,Organic Chemistry ,Nanotechnology ,Electrochemistry ,Biochemistry ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Diimide ,Thiophene ,Molecule ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Perylene - Abstract
Perylenediimide-pentathiophene systems with varied architecture of thiophene units were synthesized. The photophysical, electrochemical, and charge transport behavior of the synthesized compounds were studied. Both molecules showed a low band gap of ∼1.4 eV. Surprisingly, the molecule with pentathiophene attached via β-position to the PDI unit upon annealing showed a predominant hole mobility of 1 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) whereas the compound with branched pentathiophene attached via β-position showed an electron mobility of 9.8 × 10(-7) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This suggests that charge transport properties can be tuned by simply varying the architecture of pentathiophene units.
- Published
- 2010
20. Low Band Gap Thiophene−Perylene Diimide Systems with Tunable Charge Transport Properties.
- Author
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Ganapathy Balaji, Tejaswini S. Kale, Ashok Keerthi, Andrea M. Della Pelle, S. Thayumanavan, and Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Subjects
- *
BAND gaps , *THIOPHENES , *PERYLENE , *IMIDES , *CHARGE transfer , *CHEMICAL systems , *ORGANIC synthesis , *ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis , *ELECTRON mobility - Abstract
Perylenediimide−pentathiophene systems with varied architecture of thiophene units were synthesized. The photophysical, electrochemical, and charge transport behavior of the synthesized compounds were studied. Both molecules showed a low band gap of ∼1.4 eV. Surprisingly, the molecule with pentathiophene attached viaβ-position to the PDI unit upon annealing showed a predominant hole mobility of 1 × 10−4cm2V−1s−1whereas the compound with branched pentathiophene attached viaβ-position showed an electron mobility of 9.8 × 10−7cm2V−1s−1. This suggests that charge transport properties can be tuned by simply varying the architecture of pentathiophene units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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