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Data on fungi in the state of Acre lack systematization. A total of 99 species have been recorded, but actual numbers of macrofungi and species composition in local forests are still unknown. In the present study, we sought to produce a checklist of macrofungi collected in Acre, between the years 1901 and 2020. We retrieved and organized information about specimens deposited in the databases of the mycological collections of the New York Botanical Garden and Louisiana State University, and the records made available on the speciesLink platform of the Reference Center for Environmental Information. We added to the information the macrofungi that were published in articles, up to the year 2020. Over 120 years of botanical history in the state, we recorded 1,912 macrofungal specimens collected in Acre. A total of 855 were identified at the species level, corresponding to 279 species distributed in 145 genera and 56 families. The families Polyporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Xylariaceae and Hymenochaetaceae contribute with about 50% of the identified species. The genera Hypoxylon, Trametes, Xylaria, Ganoderma and Polyporus present the highest species richness, while Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Cerrena caperata, Auricularia delicata, A. fuscosuccinea and Ranadivia modesta are the most abundant species in number of specimens collected. Data analysis allowed us to determine a reliable number that best represents the knowledge of fungi in Acre. However, when considering the estimates of fungal species for the Amazon, these data are insufficient, which demonstrates the need to encourage and invest in more studies on these fungi in the region. Keywords Funga * Macroscopic Fungi * Scientific Collections * Species Composition Os dados sobre a funga do estado do Acre carecem de sistematizacao. Um total de 99 especies foi registrado, mas o numero real de macrofungos e a composicao de especies nas florestas locais ainda sao desconhecidos. No presente estudo, buscamos produzir uma checklist de macrofungos coletados no Acre, entre os anos de 1901 e 2020. Recuperamos e organizamos informacoes sobre especimes depositados nos bancos de dados das colecoes micologicas do New York Botanical Garden e da Louisiana State University, e os registros disponibilizados na plataforma speciesLink do Centro de Referencia em Informacoes Ambientais. Acrescentamos as informacoes, os macrofungos que foram publicados em artigos ate o ano de 2020. Ao longo de 120 anos de historia botanica no estado, registramos 1.912 especimes de macrofungos coletados no Acre. Um total de 855 foi identificado em nivel de especie, correspondendo a 279 especies distribuidas em 145 generos e 56 familias. As familias Polyporaceae, Hypoxylaceae, Xylariaceae e Hymenochaetaceae contribuem com cerca de 50% das especies identificadas. Os generos Hypoxylon, Trametes, Xylaria, Ganoderma e Polyporus apresentam a maior riqueza de especies, enquanto Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Cerrena caperata, Auricularia delicata, A. fuscosuccinea e Ranadivia modesta sao as especies mais abundantes em numero de especimes coletados. A analise dos dados permitiu determinar um numero confiavel que melhor representa o conhecimento de fungos no Acre. Entretanto, ao se considerar as estimativas de especies de fungos para a Amazonia, esses dados sao insuficientes, o que demonstra a necessidade de incentivo e investimento em mais estudos sobre esses fungos na regiao., Introduction The knowledge about the diversity of fungi in Brazil was fragmented and restricted to sparse taxonomy and ecology publications, and to some regional lists of species. However, the publication [...]

Dengue fever (DF) is the most frequent arboviral disease globally. Deforestation, armed conflicts, and climate change have caused an unprecedented global spread of DF, raising concerns in healthcare systems worldwide. Systemic manifestations of the disease range from mild to severe and, in some cases, can lead to death. Although neurological complications have been reported over the last few decades, they are often neglected or underreported. The present narrative review aims to describe the most important central and peripheral nervous system complications and provide guidance to neurologists in terms of diagnosis and management.

Resumo A fotografia é um gênero bastante recorrente na vida social, mas tem sido relativamente pouco estudada no contexto escolar. Essa proposta está fundamentada na Base Nacional Comum Curricular, que recomenda a inclusão de semioses múltiplas nas atividades de leitura, escrita e interpretação dos alunos, que precisam desenvolver sua capacidade de analisar criticamente o que leem em âmbito visual. Portanto buscamos criar propostas para a análise de fotografias em sala de aula. Com isso, encontramos respaldo metodológico nas categorias de modalização. A partir disso, mostramos como as fotografias integram um contexto discursivo e não podem ser lidas de forma dissociada desse contexto, ou seja, o conhecimento de mundo do leitor é relevante para o processo de produção de sentidos.

Purpose: The use of sewage sludge associated with natural rock-based fertilizers can increase nutrient solubility and soil fertility. From this perspective, this study evaluated changes in the chemical soil attributes and the nutrient availability rate after the application of sewage sludge, natural phosphate, and elemental sulfur in soils with different clay contents. Method: The study was conducted in a controlled environment and was set up in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 3 x 5 x 5 factorial arrangement consisting of soil with three clay contents: 28%, 34%, and 42%; five fertilization managements: unfertilized (Control), fertilized with natural phosphate (NF), fertilized with sewage sludge (SS), fertilized with natural phosphate and elemental sulfur (NF+S), and fertilized with NF+S+SS; and five evaluation times: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after fertilization. The chemical soil attributes and the nutrient availability rate were evaluated. Results: The application of sludge, natural phosphate, and sulfur increased the contents of SOM, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, SB, and CEC and reduced the soil pH, in addition to favoring the rate and time of availability of P, Ca, and Mg, with means higher than 50% in the soils from 30 to 120 days after application. At 120 days after application of sludge, the average availability rate of P, K, Ca, and Mg corresponded to 37, 13, 144, and 157%, respectively. Conclusion:These improvements imply savings with mineral fertilizers and contribute to adopting conservationist and sustainable practices. The individual application of sewage sludge or its application with natural phosphate and elemental sulfur increased soil fertility and the nutrient availability rate in soils with different clay contents. Highlights Sewage sludge associated with natural phosphate and S0 fertilizers increases the nutrient availability rate. The application of sewage sludge reduces the dependency on mineral fertilizers. Sewage sludge contributed to the agricultural sustainability of the soil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the development, content validation, and usability of an application to orient surgical patients and ensure their safety. Method: Methodological study, carried out between July and August 2023, developed in three stages: (1) selection of relevant content based on a review of scientific literature; (2) development of the application; and (3) validation of the content and usability of the software, evaluated using two validated instruments, which were sent to eight nurse judges from the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina, and eight professional information technology judges from Minas Gerais. Results: The contents of the “Minha Cirurgia” application included information based on relevant scientific literature regarding patient safety, preoperative guidelines, timing of surgery, and post-surgical care. Its content was classified as “superior” and its usability was classified as “the best possible” by the judges. Conclusion: The application was approved by nurses and IT professionals regarding its content and usability. It will be available for free download in the Play Store. The tool is expected to be useful in the education of surgical patients, allowing them to acquire knowledge that supports them in the search for safe care.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective dopaminergic loss. Non dopaminergic neurotransmitters such as glutamate are also involved in PD progression. NMDA receptor/postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95)/neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation is involved in neuronal excitability in PD. Here, we are focusing on the evaluating these post-synaptic protein levels in the 6-OHDA model of PD. Adult male C57BL/6 mice subjected to unilateral striatal injury with 6-OHDA were assessed at 1-, 2-, or 4-weeks post-lesion. Animals were subjected to an apomorphine-induced rotation test followed by the analysis of protein content, synaptic structure, and NOx production. All biochemical analysis was performed comparing the control versus lesioned sides of the same animal. 6-OHDA mice exhibited contralateral rotation activity, difficulties in coordinating movements, and changes in Iba-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression during the whole period. At one week of survival, the mice showed a shift in NMDA composition, favoring the GluN2A subunit and increased PSD95 and nNOS expression and NOx formation. After two-weeks, a decrease in the total number of synapses was observed in the lesioned side. However, the number of excitatory synapses was increased with a higher content of GluN1 subunit and PSD95. After four weeks, NMDA receptor subunits restored to control levels. Interestingly, NOx formation in the serum increased. This study reveals, for the first time, the temporal course of behavioral deficits and glutamatergic synaptic plasticity through NMDAr subunit shift. Together, these data demonstrate that dopamine depletion leads to a fine adaptive response over time, which can be used for further studies of therapeutic management adjustments with the progression of PD.

Abstract Introduction Typically, oncology is not a structured part of the curriculum in Brazilian medical schools. Furthermore, sarcomas, which are uncommon tumors, are seldom covered in depth. A lack of comprehensive education on sarcomas might result in medical professionals being ill-equipped to care for patients with this condition. Objectives To assess medical students' understanding and awareness of sarcomas and the specific principles related to these tumors. Materials and methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire, applied to medical students, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. In all tests, the significance level adopted was 5%. The SPSS version 25.0 software was used. Results Of the 825 questionnaires distributed, 325 were returned. Educational sessions on sarcomas did not appear to significantly improve the student's knowledge. Only 29.5% of students identified the lack of pain as an indicator of potential malignancy in soft tissue sarcomas, while 73.8% correctly recognized pain as a symptom of bone sarcomas. Limb amputation as the optimal surgical method for patient recovery was incorrectly reported by 39.1% of the sample. Conclusion A great part of the surveyed population does not have adequate knowledge about the basic concepts associated with limb sarcomas. The minority of them are satisfied with the knowledge gained during their medical education about these tumors. Inadequate medical academic training may initially lead to the wrong clinical management of patients with bone and soft tissue tumor lesions. An educational effort is needed to enhance oncology education for medical students, especially concerning sarcomas.

Our purpose in this article is to examine the subjective processes of researchers while becoming conscious during the investigation of infants and toddlers (I/Ts) in educational settings. Based on the intertwining between Cultural-historical Psychology and Ethnography in Education, we followed a group of I/Ts at a Brazilian Early Childhood Education Center between 2017 and 2019. This extended length of time in the field allowed us to build a logic of inquiry with consciousness as its foundation. We focus on an analysis of four events which occurred at different times within this two-year period that make visible the researcher's processes of becoming conscious at the center of the research process itself. Becoming conscious enabled repositioning ourselves as researchers, transforming the research process, and reorganizing the latter as a whole. In this study, we demonstrate that 'becoming conscious' involves considering whether the research extends beyond being an object of knowledge, and includes a meta-analysis of the research path actually taken through approximations and distancing with data, as well as the creation of new interpretations, solutions and combinations of these, as the study progressed. We argue that becoming conscious, as a relational and situated process, is an essential dimension of educational research.

Com base nas leis federais n° 10.639/03 e n° 11.645/08, esta pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre a presença de uma disciplina nos cursos de licenciatura que aborde e problematize a diversidade étnico-racial, contribuindo com a formação docente, proporcionando diálogos e subsídios para uma práxis educativa antirracista e implementação das leis. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender e discutir o significado da disciplina Educação Física e Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais para estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Para isso, perguntamos aos estudantes qual situação vivenciada fora dos muros da universidade os fizeram lembrar das discussões estabelecidas em sala de aula e como a disciplina os afetava na formação docente. Os dados levantados foram analisados com metodologia de inspiração fenomenológica, modalidade Fenômeno Situado. Os resultados indicam que as e os estudantes demonstram: perceber em si a aprendizagem de termos e conceitos; enxergar situações antes não despercebidas e assim adotar posturas diferentes perante contextos de racismo; reconhecer as situações de racismo nas relações cotidianas e problematizá-las; reconhecer a necessidade de valorização das histórias e culturas afro-brasileiras, africanas e indígenas na escola. Assim, consideramos que esta pesquisa pode contribuir para os estudos relacionados às relações étnico-raciais no âmbito da Educação Física e nos mostra a importância do debate sobre a diversidade étnico-racial nos cursos de licenciatura.

Climate change is being intensified by anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses, highlighting the value of forests for carbon dioxide storing carbon in their biomass. Seasonally dry tropical forests are a neglected, threatened, but potentially critical biome for helping mitigate climate change. In South America, knowing the amount and distribution of carbon in Caatinga seasonally dry vegetation is essential to understand its contribution to the global carbon cycle and subsequently design a strategic plan for its conservation. The present study aimed to model and map the spatial distribution of the potential forest biomass stock across 32 forest fragments of Caatinga, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, using regression kriging and Inverse Square of Distance techniques, building from point measurements of vegetation biomass made on-the-ground in ecological plots. First, a model for estimating biomass was fitted as a function of environmental variables to apply regression kriging, and then applied to the maps of the selected components. Elevation, temperature, and precipitation explained 46% of the biomass variations in the Caatinga. The model residuals showed strong spatial dependence and were mapped based on geostatistical criteria, selecting the spherical semivariogram model for interpolation by ordinary kriging. Biomass was also mapped by the Inverse Square of Distance approach. The quality of the regression model suggests that there is good potential for estimating biomass here from environmental variables. The regression kriging showed greater detail in the spatial distribution and revealed a spatial trend of increasing biomass from the north to south of the domain. Additional studies with greater sampling intensity and the use of other explanatory variables are suggested to improve the model, as well as to maximize the technique’s ability to capture the actual biomass behavior in this newly studied seasonally dry ecosystem.

Background: The polymerase chain reaction of upper respiratory tract swab samples was established as the gold standard procedure for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID pandemic. However, saliva collection has attracted attention as an alternative diagnostic collection method. The goal of this study was to compare the use of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Ninety-nine paired samples were evaluated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by saliva and swab for a qualitative diagnosis and quantitative comparison of viral particles. Furthermore, the detection limits for each sample collection technique were determined. The cycle threshold (CT) values of the saliva samples, the vaccination status, and the financial costs associated with each collection technique were compared. Results: The results showed qualitative equivalence in diagnosis (96.96%) comparing saliva and swab collection, although there was low quantitative agreement. Furthermore, the detection limit test demonstrated equivalence for both collection methods. We did not observe a statistically significant association between CT values and vaccination status, indicating that the vaccine had no influence on viral load at diagnosis. Finally, we observed that the use of saliva incurs lower financial costs and requires less use of plastic materials, making it more sustainable. Conclusions: These findings support the adoption of saliva collection as a feasible and sustainable alternative to the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Introdução: A Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) é parte integrante dos processos de atenção à saúde em todos os níveis de complexidade, consiste em ações efetivas e seguras voltadas ao medicamento e produtos para a saúde. O medicamento trastuzumabe é indicado para terapia antineoplásica do câncer de mama (CM) HER-2+, sua compra para o Sistema Único de Saúde é centralizada pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) e distribuído às Secretarias de Estado da Saúde, para envio aos UNACONs. A estruturação da AF na oncologia está atrelada à organização das rotinas na farmácia, considerando as dificuldades de acesso e a necessidade do início imediato do tratamento com trastuzumabe. Objetivos: Avaliar a farmacoeconomia da AF na farmácia da UNACON e as rotinas estabelecidas para a demanda de início de tratamento com trastuzumabe em pacientes HER-2+ como condição norteadora. Material e Método: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, realizado na Farmácia da UNACON em um hospital universitário de Belém-PA. Foram mensuradas as frações não utilizadas na manipulação do medicamento trastuzumabe considerando a estabilidade físico-química e os lotes de fabricação, acondicionados em refrigeração de 2ºC a 8ºC, conforme instruções do fabricante. Resultados: O volume das frações não utilizadas na manipulação do medicamento trastuzumabe gera economia para o serviço. Os pacientes são agendados para início de tratamento considerando o volume das frações armazenado na farmácia. O tratamento para os pacientes que fazem uso do trastuzumabe geralmente é iniciado após o processo de validação da solicitação e envio pelo MS, o que pode demorar de 30 a 60 dias, mas com o reaproveitamento das frações não utilizadas, por utilizar técnica asséptica na manipulação e acondicionamento de acordo com as instruções do fabricante, a farmacoeconomia se alia à farmácia assistencial e consegue atender aos pacientes que precisam iniciar o tratamento de imediato, sem prejuízo algum aos demais pacientes e ainda gerando redução do descarte de medicamentos. Constatou-se o comprometimento nas práticas adotadas pelos farmacêuticos, com destaque para: o monitoramento das frações não utilizadas de trastuzumabe, reduzindo desperdício por serem estáveis e o agendamento por medicamento com auxílio da equipe de enfermagem e prescritores. Essas estratégias se mostraram efetivas a curto e médio prazo, colaborando para farmacoeconomia e otimizando o tempo de início de tratamento dos pacientes, diminuindo o risco de agravo em sua condição de saúde. Discussão e Conclusões: A farmacoeconomia utilizada na manipulação do medicamento trastuzumabe se mostrou eficiente em demonstrar a otimização do uso, com resultados favoráveis relacionados ao tempo para o início do tratamento, além de demonstrar que as práticas adotadas pela farmácia garantem o cumprimento dos objetivos prestados pela assistência farmacêutica na Unidade de Oncologia, tendo como destaque a gestão e o monitoramento das frações não utilizadas na manipulação para otimização da farmacoterapia do paciente.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo argumentar que a brincadeira é uma atividade de produção de subjetividades, significações, narrativas e, portanto, de consciência humana em condições histórica e culturalmente situadas. A partir da teoria histórico-cultural e da etnografia em educação, discutimos que a brincadeira é um ato de criação de possibilidades, tanto de participação no grupo social como de produção de sentidos para o que acontece na vida coletiva, por meio da análise de criação de sentidos para uma caixa de papelão no evento “Não é uma caixa!”. Concluímos que a brincadeira cria contradições entre os campos perceptivo, narrativo e imaginário, ampliando as possibilidades de ação, linguagem e relações sociais, o que impulsiona o desenvolvimento cultural das crianças.

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um ascendente problema de saúde pública mundial apresentando alta morbimortalidade e forte influência do estilo de vida. A busca constante por novos conhecimentos e a apropriação de tecnologias de ensino inovadoras, se faz necessária, para auxiliar ações educativas e que ofereçam as habilidades ao exercício do autogerenciamento dos cuidados da doença. Objetivo: Confeccionar uma cartilha educativa no formato de história em quadrinhos (HQ), visando o desenvolvimento de competências e divulgação do conhecimento sobre DM, direcionada para pacientes adultos. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo de desenvolvimento com a utilização da metodologia educacional didático-pedagógica, cujos elementos basearam-se no questionário de Moreira (2017), que identifica o nível de conhecimento de pacientes diabéticos. Cenas foram idealizadas para concepção da HQ, juntamente com a criação de uma mascote, responsável pela propagação das informações em saúde, e uma personagem coadjuvante. Resultados: Produziu-se um material, contendo 20 páginas impressas em frente e verso, intitulado: “Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 sem mistérios com a Nutridiabetina”, abrangendo uma configuração composta por desenhos animados, dividindo-se a história em cinco momentos: I) Definição, II) Fatores de risco e complicações, III) Tratamento, IV) Educação alimentar e nutricional e V) Exercício físico, finalizando com uma receita e avaliação dos conhecimentos adquiridos. Conclusão: Criou-se um instrumento de propagação de informações didático, claro, simples e direto, na perspectiva de auxiliar no tratamento clínico-nutricional do agravo, favorecendo a autonomia e impactando positivamente na escolha alimentar e de um estilo de vida mais saudável desses indivíduos.

Como a ontologia dos bebês como seres sociais potentes e vulneráveis impacta as decisões teórico-metodológicas na pesquisa? Como as questões epistemológicas circunscrevem a produção de uma lógica que apreenda as relações entre bebês e outras pessoas, as materialidades e contextos histórico-culturais? Estas questões são objetos de reflexão neste artigo, construído a partir da pesquisa sobre os processos de constituição da brincadeira em um grupo de bebês na Educação Infantil entre os anos de 2017 e 2018. A pesquisa buscou evidenciar a gênese cultural desta atividade no grupo, sua concretude nas práticas sociais coletivas e nas relações de alteridade construídas por meio do compartilhamento das fontes narrativas e simbólicas, das rotinas culturais e de cuidado na EMEI Tupi em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Com base nos fundamentos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural e da Etnografia em Educação, assim como nos diálogos com os Estudos da Infância e dos Bebês, buscamos conferir centralidade às ações e linguagens dos bebês dialeticamente situadas em relação aos acontecimentos sociais que possuem historicidade no grupo e na cultura mais ampla. Portanto, a natureza contextualizada da pesquisa e o cuidado ético de situar e considerar sempre as pessoas, materialidades, discursos, estruturas, métodos, como contextos para o que acontece, são duas premissas anunciadas entre os princípios orientadores da pesquisa com bebês que se desdobraram em implicações metodológicas.

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Diabetic patients are more affected by depression than non-diabetics, and this is related to greater treatment resistance and associated with poorer outcomes. This increase in the prevalence of depression in diabetics is also related to hyperglycemia and hypercortisolism. In diabetics, the hyperactivity of the HPA axis occurs in parallel to gut dysbiosis, weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier, and high bacterial-product translocation into the bloodstream. Diabetes also induces an increase in the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression behaviors and neuroinflammation are exacerbated in diabetic mice. In this context, we propose here that hypercortisolism, in association with gut dysbiosis, leads to an exacerbation of hippocampal neuroinflammation, glutamatergic transmission, and neuronal apoptosis, leading to the development and aggravation of depression and to resistance to treatment of this mood disorder in diabetic patients.

The interactions between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human host factors enable the virus to propagate infections that lead to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The spike protein is the largest structural component of the virus and mediates interactions essential for infection, including with the primary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. We performed two independent cell-based systematic screens to determine whether there are additional proteins by which the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can interact with human cells. We discovered that in addition to ACE2, expression of LRRC15 also causes spike protein binding. This interaction is distinct from other known spike attachment mechanisms such as heparan sulfates or lectin receptors. Measurements of orthologous coronavirus spike proteins implied the interaction was functionally restricted to SARS-CoV-2 by accessibility. We localized the interaction to the C-terminus of the S1 domain and showed that LRRC15 shares recognition of the ACE2 receptor binding domain. From analyzing proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics, we identify LRRC15 expression as being common in human lung vasculature cells and fibroblasts. Levels of LRRC15 were greatly elevated by inflammatory signals in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. Although infection assays demonstrated that LRRC15 alone is not sufficient to permit viral entry, we present evidence that it can modulate infection of human cells. This unexpected interaction merits further investigation to determine how SARS-CoV-2 exploits host LRRC15 and whether it could account for any of the distinctive features of COVID-19.

Objetivos: Identificar o padrão de uso das substâncias psicoativas, os fatores associados a esse uso, e a percepção do programa de mentoria diante do comportamento de risco de estudantes do curso de medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal por meio da disponibilização de um formulário on-line contendo questões sobre as informações sociodemográficas, o perfil de uso de substâncias de abuso (moderado, de risco ou dependente) e a percepção do programa de mentoria aos estudantes de medicina. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre fevereiro a novembro de 2019. Resultados: Maior consumo de risco foi observado entre os usuários de álcool, tabaco e maconha. Os estudantes no regime de internato apresentaram maior abuso de álcool. Dentre os fatores de risco destaca-se a presença de um parente com consumo abusivo e o início do consumo antes dos 18 anos de idade. O programa de mentoria foi percebido de forma positiva para a prevenção do comportamento de risco, embora a maioria dos que avaliaram apresentavam consumo de risco para o álcool e/ou outras drogas. Conclusão: O consumo abusivo de substâncias pode ser minimizado por meio de ações implementadas nos programas de mentorias.

Este texto é sobre as infâncias que lemos e inferimos em narrativas de crianças. Nele, os tempos que oferecemos às crianças, seus processos coletivos de cuidado e educação, seus modos de participação nas pesquisas e as perspectivas de futuro frente à conjuntura atual constituem partes que se conectam ao objeto de reflexão. As discussões fazem parte da pesquisa sobre as experiências das crianças durante a pandemia de Covid-19, sobre como esse fato social circunscreve muitas mudanças na organização familiar, nas relações com as pessoas e lugares. A pandemia narrada pelas crianças segue o fluxo dos acontecimentos, como o fechamento das escolas no primeiro semestre de 2020, a ampliação das restrições de locomoção, o discurso da emergência da vacina e, por fim, a permanência do quadro social anterior, a descoberta da vacina e o aumento do número de mortes. O argumento principal é o de que as crianças são afetadas por estas mudanças que são registradas nas perguntas, relatos, diálogos e fotografias. Portanto, ler as narrativas das crianças como construções culturais nesse tempo histórico é uma forma de compreender como elas vivenciam os tempos de casa e da escola que se tornaram fluidos e atravessados cotidianamente. Os tempos dos acontecimentos e os tempos narrativos revelam a complexidade de ser criança em um cenário que aprisiona a liberdade, constrange as interações, institui a doença e a morte como assunto e não oferece previsão de mudança.

Este artigo analisa as repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 nas condições de vida de famílias de bebês e crianças da Educação Infantil em territórios baianos. O estudo realizado por meio da análise das ações e mobilizações no âmbito da política de Educação Infantil, narrativas das crianças, questionários e entrevistas com famílias, abrange dimensões que possibilitam pensar mudanças nas condições familiares e seus impactos nas experiências das crianças: a situação socioeconômica, a configuração das rotinas e práticas de cuidado em casa e a natureza das atividades realizadas com as crianças. Conclui-se que a pandemia representa uma crise do cuidado das crianças. Esta crise é um risco ao desenvolvimento cultural humano frente às políticas fragmentadas entre as áreas da educação, assistência social, cultural, jurídica e de saúde.

Background: Quantitative proteomics is able to provide a comprehensive, unbiased description of changes to cells caused by viral infection, but interpretation may be complicated by differential changes in infected and uninfected ‘bystander’ cells, or the use of non-physiological cellular models. Methods: In this paper, we use fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and quantitative proteomics to analyse cell-autonomous changes caused by authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection of respiratory epithelial cells, the main target of viral infection in vivo. First, we determine the relative abundance of proteins in primary human airway epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface (basal, secretory and ciliated cells). Next, we specifically characterise changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of ciliated cells. Finally, we compare temporal proteomic changes in infected and uninfected ‘bystander’ Calu-3 lung epithelial cells and compare infection with B.29 and B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variants. Results: Amongst 5,709 quantified proteins in primary human airway ciliated cells, the abundance of 226 changed significantly in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (q 1.5-fold). Notably, viral replication proceeded without inducing a type-I interferon response. Amongst 6,996 quantified proteins in Calu-3 cells, the abundance of 645 proteins changed significantly in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (q < 0.05 and > 1.5-fold). In contrast to the primary cell model, a clear type I interferon (IFN) response was observed. Nonetheless, induction of IFN-inducible proteins was markedly attenuated in infected cells, compared with uninfected ‘bystander’ cells. Infection with B.29 and B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variants gave similar results. Conclusions: Taken together, our data provide a detailed proteomic map of changes in SARS-CoV-2-infected respiratory epithelial cells in two widely used, physiologically relevant models of infection. As well as identifying dysregulated cellular proteins and processes, the effectiveness of strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2 to avoid the type I IFN response is illustrated in both models.

This study explores attitudes towards urban air mobility (UAM) for e-commerce deliveries. UAM, which utilizes drones, has the potential to revolutionize transport services and logistics, leading to economic benefits and reductions in congestion and pollution. However, public acceptance is crucial for a successful implementation; thus, understanding the people’s perspective is key. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate survey results from three different European regions, followed by a cluster analysis to define potential user profiles. This study revealed slightly different perceptions towards UAM between the analyzed regions, but also a generally positive attitude. The most important expected identified benefits from UAM were a decrease in congestion and pollution in city centers. High-acceptance segments are gender-balanced and correspond mostly to active population and frequent online shoppers that perceive value in drone deliveries, especially related to an increased convenience and speed. They support public investment in UAM and are willing to pay more for these services and to have their home flown over. Opposite attitudes were expressed by low-acceptance segments, which are female-dominated and include mostly non-frequent online shoppers. The identified user profiles in this study can support the development of public policy and marketing strategies to increase acceptance and adoption.

ABSTRACT Cannabinoids comprehend endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids, with actions both in the central and peripherical nervous systems. A considerable amount of publications have been made in recent years, although cannabis has been known for over a thousand years. Scientific Departments from the Brazilian Academy of Neurology described evidence for medical use in their areas. Literature is constantly changing, and possible new evidence can emerge in the next days or months. Prescription of these substances must be discussed with patients and their families, with knowledge about adverse events and their efficacy.

Objetivo: descrever as competências gerenciais desenvolvidas na formação do enfermeiro voltadas ao contexto hospitalar e as estratégias de ensino para seu fortalecimento na perspectiva docente. Método: estudo exploratório, qualitativo. Participaram 12 docentes de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Pública. A coleta ocorreu em 2020 por meio de grupos focais. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se análise temática indutiva. Resultados: elucidaram competências gerenciais prioritárias, como: Comunicação; Tomada de decisão gerencial; Liderança e Relacionamento Interpessoal. Dentre as estratégias para o seu aperfeiçoamento, destaca-se: simulação, estudos de caso clínico, além de reestruturação do estágio e do currículo formativo. Conclusão: os resultados da pesquisa contribuem para reflexão das competências necessárias ao ensino, e para reflexão de centros formadores em enfermagem quanto a reorganização dos currículos, incluindo estratégias de ensino ativas que facilitem o desenvolvimento de competências. Além disso, espera-se sensibilizar a comunidade hospitalar sobre o aprimoramento de competências.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that affects motor, urinary, intestinal, and sensory functions. Typically, HAM/TSP is slowly progressive, but it may vary from limited motor disability after decades (very slow progression) to loss of motor function in a few years from disease onset (rapid). In this study, we aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers for HAM/TSP to support patient management. Thus, proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed with samples from HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (AC) (n=13) and HAM/TSP patients (n=21) with rapid, typical, and very slow progression using quantitative label-free liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Enrichment analyses were also carried out to identify key biological processes associated with distinct neurological conditions in HTLV-1 infection. Candidate biomarkers were validated by ELISA in paired CSF and serum samples, and samples from HTLV-1-seronegative individuals (n=9) were used as controls. CSF analysis identified 602 proteins. Leukocyte/cell activation, immune response processes and neurodegeneration pathways were enriched in rapid progressors. Conversely, HTLV-1 AC and HAM/TSP patients with typical and very slow progression had enriched processes for nervous system development. Differential expression analysis showed that soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), and cathepsin C (CTSC) were upregulated in HAM/TSP. However, only CHIT1 was significantly elevated after validation, particularly in HAM/TSP rapid progressors. In contrast, none of these biomarkers were altered in serum. Additionally, CSF CHIT1 levels in HAM/TSP patients positively correlated with the speed of HAM/TSP progression, defined as points in the IPEC-2 HAM/TSP disability scale per year of disease, and with CSF levels of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain, neopterin, CXCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11. In conclusion, higher CSF levels of CHIT1 were associated with HAM/TSP rapid progression and correlated with other biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Therefore, we propose CHIT1 as an additional or alternative CSF biomarker to identify HAM/TSP patients with a worse prognosis.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os custos relacionados ao tratamento de hemodiálise em relação ao transplante renal em um hospital no Sul de Minas Gerais. Estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados através da estatística descritiva simples e foram utilizados os dados do sistema Sysart e NefroData referentes aos anos de 2013 a 2018. Os principais resultados apontam que 322 indivíduos estão em tratamento dialítico. 40 usuários estão efetivamente cadastrados na lista de transplantes. O custo para o tratamento dialítico no período do estudo foi de R$ 46.618.757,51. O valor individual médio do tratamento dialítico entre os anos de 2013 a 2018 foi de R$ 27.962,26. O valor do transplante atualmente é de R$ 33.147,18. Neste contexto, o estudo mostrou que no primeiro ano o transplante possui um valor superior, porém em longo prazo este prevalece como a melhor opção e mais econômica.

Objectives: To analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological manifestations to provide evidence for the understanding of mechanisms associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement in COVID-19. Methods: Patients (n = 58) were grouped according to their main neurological presentation: headache (n = 14); encephalopathy (n = 24); inflammatory neurological diseases, including meningoencephalitis (n = 4), acute myelitis (n = 3), meningitis (n = 2), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 2), encephalitis (n = 2), and neuromyelitis optica (n = 1); and Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 6). Data regarding age, sex, cerebrovascular disease, and intracranial pressure were evaluated in combination with CSF profiles defined by cell counts, total protein and glucose levels, concentration of total Tau and neurofilament light chain (NfL) proteins, oligoclonal band patterns, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Results: CSF of patients with inflammatory neurological diseases was characterized by pleocytosis and elevated total protein and NfL levels. Patients with encephalopathy were mostly older men (mean age of 61.0 ± 17.6 years) with evidence of cerebrovascular disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in CSF was detected in 2 of 58 cases: a patient with refractory headache, and another patient who developed ADEM four days after onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Three patients presented intrathecal IgG synthesis, and four had identical oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum, indicating systemic inflammation. Conclusion: Patients with neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 had diverse CSF profiles, even within the same clinical condition. Our findings indicate a possible contribution of viral replication on triggering CNS infiltration by immune cells and the subsequent inflammation promoting neuronal injury.