Search

Abebe Muche Belete,1 Yared Asmare Aynalem,2 Belete Negese Gemeda,2 Tefera Mulugeta Demelew,3 Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw2 1Department of Biomedical Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 2Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 3Department of Nursing, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Abebe Muche Belete, Department of Biomedical Science, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, Tel +251 938373278, Email abebemuche3@gmail.comBackground: There is wide global variance in survival from breast cancer, both in developed and developing country. However, the effect of estrogen receptor status has not been widely evaluated in Ethiopia where the incidence of breast cancer is rapidly increasing. Hence, the current study aimed to determine the effect of estrogen receptor status on the overall survival of breast cancer patients who were treated at Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.Methods: In this institution-based retrospective cohort study a total of 368 study participants were included with a one-to-one ratio of estrogen receptor negative to estrogen receptor positive. The main outcome of interest for this study was death due to breast cancer. The authors compared the women with estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer for overall survival rate using log rank test. The incidence density rate of mortality was calculated for each exposed and non-exposed variable. The effect of estrogen receptor status on breast cancer mortality was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results: The incidence density rate of mortality among breast cancer patients for estrogen receptor positive were found to be 5.48 (95% CI=3.94– 7.64) per 1,000 person years observation; while for estrogen negative receptor status the mortality rate was found to be 10.47 (95% CI=8.19– 13.37) per 1,000 person years observation. In the Cox regression analysis after ful adjustments for confounder variables, the mortality event risk was 32% higher among estrogen receptor negative (HR=1.32; 95% CI=1.08– 2.91) as compared to estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients.Conclusion: We have found that the incidence density rate of mortality among breast cancer patients was significantly higher in the estrogen receptor negative groups. Therefore, clinicians should give careful attention to the impact of estrogen receptor negative status on the overall outcome of clients.Keywords: estrogen receptor status, survival, mortality, breast cancer, Ethiopia

Helen Endale, Tefera Mulugeta, Teshome Habte Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Teshome Habte, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box: 5657, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel +251 911436150, Email teshome.habte@aau.edu.etBackground: Cervical cancer is very common among women living in low-resource environments, according to the literature. About 85% of the cases and 88% of the deaths due to cervical cancer occurred in developing countries. Women in low- and middle-income countries have a 35% higher average life risk of cervical cancer than women in high-income countries. However, research on the socioeconomic impact of cervical cancer on patients is virtually absent in the country.Objective: To assess the socioeconomic impact of cervical cancer on patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2021.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 24 statistical software package.Results: Out of 423 sampled respondents, 416 agreed to participate in the study and the response rate was 98%. The study revealed that cervical cancer has a social impact on patients in terms of social discrimination 61.8%, loss of body image 63%, loss of sexual functioning 78%, and loss of femininity 89%. It has also an economic impact in terms of loss of income of 45.7%, financial distress due to medical and nonmedical expenditures 71%, work and employment challenges 66.8%.Conclusion and Recommendation: Cervical cancer has an enormous socioeconomic impact on patients in terms of social discrimination, loss of body image, loss of sexual functioning, loss of femininity, loss of income, financial distress, work and employment challenges. Hence, efforts on reduction of social discrimination, psychotherapy support, and financial support are needed to limit the socioeconomic impact of cervical cancer on patients.Keywords: cervical cancer, social impact, economic impact

Introduction Malnutrition is a serious problem that causes high morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. There was no sufficient empirical evidence on the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among adult cancer hospitalized patients in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in cancer center, Ethiopia 2019. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 281 patients selected using systematic sampling among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Data were collected by patient interviews and chart reviews using a structured questioner adapted from a subjective global assessment tool. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, mean, median, and standard deviation were used to describe characteristics. Bivariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression models were used. Result Of the 281 participating patients, 58.2% had malnutrition, which was higher among females (51.6%) than males (48.4%). The mean body mass index was 20.24 ± 3.6. Of all, 41.9% had moderate weight loss, 21.1% had severe weight loss and 52.3% had weight loss in the past two weeks. Stage four cancer (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI: 1.3–38.5), loss of appetite (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI; 1.5–17.2) and diarrhea (AOR = 7.8, 95% CI: 2.95–20.5) were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among cancer patients who receive chemotherapy was high. Stage of cancer, appetite loss, and presence of diarrhea was found to be significant factors for malnutrition., Cancer; Malnutrition; Prevalence; Risk factors; Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital; Ethiopia.

Background- Nurses are exposed to professional burnout due to their exposure to physical, mental, and emotional stressors, which can lead to numerous complications in their personal, social, and organizational life. Objectives- To assess the magnitude of nurses‘ burnout and its associated factors in public hospitals of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Methodology- Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 369 sample nurses selected by systematic sampling technique. These nurses were selected from five public hospitals; those were Felge Hiwot, Debre Birhan, Debre Markose, Debre Tabore, and Dessie referral hospitals. Hospitals were selected purposively from Amhara regional state. Adopted structured self-administered Amharic version questionnaire was used. The questionnaire contains of 22 items, which includes 8 items in emotional exhaustion, 5 items in depersonalisation and 9 items in personal accomplishment. Pre-test was conducted on 10% of sample in BLH to assure reliability and validity. Data was, coded and entered in Epi data version 3.7 and analysed by SPSS version 22 software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the variables. Multivariate analysis, AOR, 95% CI and p-value

Currently, breast cancer is becoming a major public health problem for developing countries. In Ethiopia, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and constitutes a major public health concern. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the incidence and predictor of recurrence among breast cancer clients at Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, in 2018. We analyzed 513 patients out of 835 women breast cancer patients treated at Black Lion Specialized Hospital. Recurrent-free survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, with comparisons between groups through the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of recurrence among breast cancer clients. The incidence rate of recurrence among breast cancer was 6.5% per (95% CI = 6.49-12.47) follow-up. The median recurrent-free survival time was 60.33 months (95% CI = 54.46-62.30). Predictors of recurrence were negative estrogen receptor (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.53-7.62), high histologic grade (HR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.14-10.31), positive lymph node status (HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.14-10.31), clinical staging III (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.26-9.42), and involved deep surgical margin (HR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.14-8.61). This research showed that incidence of recurrence was high. Advanced clinical stage, positive nodal status, high histologic grade, negative estrogen receptor, and involved deep surgical margin were associated with higher recurrence rates. In contrast, hormonal therapy has a great role in decreasing the development of recurrence.

Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest cancer types that has a great public health impact both in developed and developing countries. However, in Ethiopia, the survival status of colorectal cancer patients was not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among colorectal cancer patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2019. The institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted with 621 subjects who were selected from patients registered between January 1, 2013 and December 30, 2017 with follow-up until December 30th, 2018. Data were collected from patient record review charts. A Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test, and bivariate and multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model were used. Of the 621 colorectal cancer patients who were included in the analysis, 202 (32.5%) died. The overall mortality rate was 20.3% per year (95% CI: 17.7-23.3). The overall survival was 18.1% with median survival time of 34.8 months (95% CI: 30.4-36.8). Comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5); stage (II [AHR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.3-11.1], III [AHR = 8.0, 95% CI: 2.8-23.3], IV [AHR = 17.6, 95% CI: 6.1-50.7]); smoking (AHR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3); alcohol consumption (AHR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.07-2.2); age ≥ 70 (AHR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.02-2.9); and marital status (married [AHR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.8], widowed [AHR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-4.6], divorced [AHR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.7]) were significant predictors of colorectal cancer mortality. It is crucial to implement early detection and screening, giving priority to rural dweller, comorbid patients and advanced stage diagnosed patients.