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We sought the perspectives of fourteen orthodontics educators on emerging trends and themes in the orthodontics educational landscape. The focus of this article was on four overarching areas: technology, workforce, research and clinical practice. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis showed that infusion of newer technologies is poised to change the way we train the next generation of orthodontists, open up new lines of enquiry, and alter the way we render clinical care. Areas of weakness include lack of adequate numbers of orthodontics faculty and lack of progress in Orthodontics research when compared to medical research. Our educational set up is at crucial juncture. We have to make sure that the pipeline of Orthodontics educators is well developed and our new-gen educators have the tools and skillset to adapt to the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. Over the past decade, the Orthodontics landscape has changed rapidly to keep pace with infusion of newer technologies, increasing digitization, emphasis on personalized orthodontics care, and evolving practice models. In this narrative review, we sought the perspectives of orthodontics educators on what they thought were emerging issues and trends impacting the field of Orthodontics as related to education. We focused on four overarching areas pertaining to Orthodontics education: Technology, Workforce, Research, and Clinical Practice. We then conducted a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of themes that the educators highlighted. We present insights from educators as an anthology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient treatment of anxiety-related disorders and memory recall is significant, regarding the occurrence of these disorders and their relationship with poor psychology operational. Thus, this study aims to measure the modern evidence on the efficacy of CBT on anxiety- disorders and memory recall in elderly in Amman, Jordan. Quasi-experimental intervention was conducted combined with qualitative approach. Purposive sampling method was used to sample 46 elderly resident in Amman. Feedback and observation were used to collect qualitative data. The tests of “The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” (STAI), “Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test” (RAVLT), and Narrative Recall Assessment (NRA) were used to collect the data. SPSS 25.0 and NVivo software analyzed the data. The findings show that the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program has a positive effect on anxiety decreasing, memory function and recalling in elderly people. Three major themes emerged “improved coping, increased confidence, positive engagement”. The positive findings highlight the importance of personalized CBT interventions in improving mental health among elderly people residing within an institutionalized care setting. The study contributions, recommendations, and future directions were explained at the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) have experienced a rapid surge in Israel, swiftly gaining a significant foothold in the market. This dominance of Chinese brands within Israel's EV sector is driven by recent market dynamics and their compelling product offerings. Factors such as the affordability and quality of these vehicles, the growing China-Israel ties, Israel's technological expertise, and its strategic position as a gateway to Europe all contribute to this trend. This study examines this phenomenon, exploring the key drivers, potential challenges, and broader implications. Challenges on the horizon include internal logistical barriers, competition from established market players, geopolitical tensions stemming from the US-China rivalry, and concerns regarding data security. Israel's case offers a glimpse into a broader trend of Chinese EV dominance with global implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Foresight is increasingly being institutionalized and used in science, technology and innovation (STI) policy processes around the world. Foresight is a toolbox to help decision‐makers generate intelligence about future scientific and technological advances and to frame long‐term STI policy goals and rationales. Foresight can be used to inform policy to steer research and innovation (R&I) towards attaining sustainable development goals. Yet, foresight is not institutionalized and used in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) at a time when many governments are formulating new STI policies and some of their science granting councils (SGCs) are setting R&I priorities. Purpose: This exploratory study is about challenges and opportunities of institutionalizing STI foresight in SSA. It identifies ways of institutionalizing and using STI foresight. Methods and approach: A literature review, bibliometric analysis, interviews, an online survey, and focus group discussions were conducted to identify challenges to, and lessons for, institutionalizing STI foresight in SSA. The literature identified good practices for institutionalizing STI foresight in selected developed countries, to draw lessons for SSA. Findings: While academic research on STI foresight and related topics is increasing, there is very limited foresight practice in STI policy processes in SSA. This is mainly owing to low awareness of STI foresight, weak technical capacity, and generally a lack of foresight culture in STI policy‐making in the region. Policy implications: Building capacity within governments and establishing a community of practice in STI foresight may help improve the quality and effectiveness of STI policy in SSA. It may enable institutions such as science granting councils (SGCs) to make informed funding decisions, targeting scarce resources at priority research and innovation. Overall, building STI foresight literacy and skills, as well as establishing designated offices for STI foresight, supported by the knowledge to select and adapt foresight tools, will result in improved STI policy‐making in SSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a framework for policymakers supporting sustainable development through international collaboration in science, technology, and innovation (STI). The approach can be applied to derive the national policy strategy for international collaboration in STI. The contribution focuses on the case of Germany in the field of food and agriculture. Accordingly, considering Germany's current strategic approach for international collaboration in STI, an evidence-based tool for priority setting in the selection of potential partners and technology fields is developed and implemented. More specifically, the approach assesses the opportunity environment for international STI collaboration of Germany with potential partners using patent and economic indicators to capture technological capabilities, technological demand, economic relevance of food, and agriculture in national economies as well as technological and export specialization in food and agriculture. The results present policy strategies enhancing sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological surveillance and Strategic intelligence are areas of influence for library and information science (LIS), since they involve functions of search, management and dissemination of specialized information. They represent an expansion of professional concerns within the scientific and technological field, while necessarily involving an interdisciplinary approach. The present study describes the link between the profile of the information professional, the VTeIE process and the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation (NSSTI) in Argentina. To this end, a survey and analysis of the official websites of the public member agencies was carried out and interviews and questionnaires were conducted with experts. The results reveal that information professionals make up 31% of the work teams analyzed and that they are currently assuming a leading role in the NSSTI bodies that perform this type of process, generating products with high added value for knowledge management and innovation. In conclusion, these findings highlight the current technological profile of LIS, the importance of its participation in the scientific field and its fundamental role in the strategic monitoring of information through Technological Surveillance and Strategic Intelligence processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the inbound internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Inbound internationalization refers to a process of internationalization where firms attract foreign customers to their home market instead of entering foreign markets. While a plethora of studies have documented outward firm internationalization, knowledge of inbound internationalization is limited. We draw on the dynamic capabilities perspective and conduct qualitative research with owner-managers of tourism and hospitality SMEs. Our findings show that both managerial and organizational capabilities (networking, marketing, technology, and innovation) drive inbound internationalization. We contribute to the SME internationalization literature by investigating an underresearched phenomenon and by identifying the operational and dynamic capabilities that drive inbound internationalization. Furthermore, we add to the capability perspective in an international business context by showing that managerial and organizational capabilities complement each other and jointly influence inbound internationalization. Our study also contributes to the international business literature in a Latin American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the current effects of individual innovativeness, which refers to situations such as excessive internet use, which is defined as the inability to prevent individuals using e-commerce from overusing the internet, shopping addiction, which is interpreted as the desire to shop excessively out of necessity and in an uncontrolled way, and being open to new experiences, were investigated. The aim of the study is to explain the functioning of important variables that direct business life in the digitalizing world on digital platforms. In the study, an online survey was conducted to 392 people and the data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs. As a result of the analyses; it has been observed that when the tendency of individuals who use the internet at a problematic level increases, their tendency to resist change decreases and their tendency to be open to experience increases. In addition, it has been concluded that when the Internet addiction of individuals who use the Internet excessively increases, the opinion leadership levels of these individuals are positively affected. This research differs from other studies in that the relationship between the three variables used in the study is examined together and adapted to the e-commerce sector in Turkey. Additionally, differences may be seen in the use of other technological tools and platforms. In this regard, there are measurement restrictions in the field of digital and technological behavior and on other platforms other than e-commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life of man is surrounded by spectacular technological advances derived mostly from Industry 4.0; They have fostered multiple transformations demanding a process of adaptation to the conditions they impose, and for this, they have required the involvement of underdeveloped countries in the participation and management for their global reproduction, with which most of the structural problems have not been resolved that these economies have, are only perpetuated and reproduced. Faced with this situation, Latin America has the great task of reorienting, from a critical vision, the objectives of science, technology and innovation policies to promote and develop STI projects that promote social inclusion and sustainable development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This mini-review arrays the pertinent tools and purposes of “Tech Mining” – shorthand for empirical analyses of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) data. The intent is to introduce the range of tools, and show how they can complement each other. Tech Mining aims to generate powerful intelligence to help manage R&D and innovation processes. We offer a 5-part array to help relate the analytical elements. An overview of a case study of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles illustrates the complexities involved and the potential to generate valuable “intel.”

The National System of Science, Technology and Innovation of Paraguay is composed of various sectors, academic, productive, governmental and civil society, represented by public and private institutions and natural and legal persons involved in scientific, technological and innovation activities. The university, as an integral part of this system, participates in its development, con-tributing to the training of advanced human talent, research and transfer of knowledge and technology. These contributions are diverse activities that are difficult to classify and value, especially the activities of knowledge and technology transfer to society. The paper raises the question: What are the main contributions of the Paraguayan University to the SNCTI in relation to the strategic goals established in the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy? To respond, it proposes the following objectives: i) to identify the strategic goals of the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (PCTI) that relate to the university; ii) Develop a framework for the classi-fication and systematization of the university's contributions to the SNCTI; (iii) To determine the contributions of the Paraguayan university to the SNCTI with previously selected and standardi-zed indicators; iv) Assess the contributions of universities in Paraguay to the SNCTI in terms of the strategic goals established in the PCTI. The method used consisted of the collection, analysis and evaluation of data and information from secondary sources. First, a framework was develo-ped for the classification and systematization of the university's contributions to the SNCTI with information available in publications related to the SNCTI of Paraguay. Subsequently, the data were systematized and evaluated. The article concludes that the university contributes signifi-cantly to the development of national capacities in the generation of scientific and technological knowledge. However, it is necessary to accelerate the pace of training of qualified human talent and increase scientific production to achieve the goals established for the year 2030.

Amaç: Uluslararası bir lojistik deponun verimliliğini artırmaya katkı sağlamak için depo dolaşım mesafesini kısaltacak yenilikçi ve etkin bir konumlandırma yönteminin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: 1.239.545 adet ham depo verisi uzman ekiplerin desteği ile analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Makine öğrenimi algoritmalarının depo konumlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Dolaşım hızı ve anahtar değer hesaplamasına dayalı olarak alternatif bir konumlandırma çözümü geliştirilmiştir. Statik olarak beş farklı bölgeye ayrılan sahada uygulamalı testler yapılmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin etkinliği, bilinen konumlandırma yöntemleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrenme algoritmalarının başarı oranları (%54-%64) uzman ekipler tarafından yeterli bulunmamıştır. Geliştirilen çözümde ürünleri doğru yere yerleştirme başarı oranı %90,93 olmuştur. Bir aylık gözlem sonucunda depo giriş çıkış işlemlerinde kat edilen mesafe yaklaşık 880 km kısalmış, depo doluluk oranı %54,07'den %55,68'e yükselmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar önerilen yöntemin etkinliğini göstermektedir. Özgünlük: Depo yerleşim yüzdeleri ve dolaşım mesafelerinde önemli kazanımlar elde edilmiştir. Bilinen diğer yöntemlere göre daha etkili ve yenilikçi bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Bölge sınırı olmayan dinamik, verimli ve başarılı yapısıyla farklı depolarda uygulanabilir özgünlüktedir. Gerçek depo verilerine ve uzman görüşlerine dayalı olarak oluşturulması literatüre eşsiz bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cooperation between Brazil and China dates from 1980 and is inserted in the South-South cooperation scope. However, the literature observes a transformation of this cooperative modality in the crisis of international relations – as evidenced by the impact of covid-19 pandemic – and the domestic challenges faced by developing countries. This raises the question of whether there is increasingly a gray area between South-South and North-South cooperation, and whether there is any likelihood of a reversal of this low cooperative profile between states. In this context, the paper seeks to analyze Brazil-China cooperation in science, technology and innovation (STI), observing the nuances of the previous and subsequent period of the covid-19 pandemic. Has there been a reduction in this cooperation in the contemporary scenario? How has the pandemic impacted this process? To answer these questions, this research is based on a bibliographic and documental review, as well as official websites of the cooperative initiatives and the Brazilian organizations involved in the bilateral interaction. We conclude that the biggest leaps in bilateral STI relations occurred at the end of the first decade of the 21st century and at the beginning of the second, with a subsequent reduction in cooperative intensity, although relations remained active. Furthermore, we note a transition in strategic terms and that, during the pandemic, new bonds were established, as well as dialogues for the renewal of the existing cooperation. Under the current administration of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, recent international acts have been signed and there has been a strengthening of the partnership, especially in the space area, demonstrating a boost in South-South cooperation in STI between Brazil and China.

Society relies on technology and innovation (T&I) to tackle some of its great challenges, and it has been given even more importance since the increasing concern over sustainability issues. A particular concern is the Amazon rainforest’s impact on sustainability and what this means for the planet. The paper analyzes how research on technology and innovation in the Amazon region is addressing sustainability issues. This wide-ranging intentional approach has led to an integrative picture, providing the first systematic literature review that connects these themes within a specific region, resulting in 222 academic publications from 1992 to 2020. The main findings indicate that: (1) 40.1% of the studies relate to the management field, which percentage increased significantly after 2015; (2) the dispersion of the studied themes confirms the plurality of Amazonian environmental wealth, but their lack of integration represents a constraint to the development of public policies; (3) market and public policies are both powerful but conflicting innovation drivers; (4) although studies on innovations address greenhouse gas emissions, innovation also includes forest degradation activities; and (5) there are different drivers and applications behind initiatives in technology and innovation, which depend on the local context.

The negative effects of construction on the environment have been acknowledged all over the world. Materials and technologies are developed regularly to help address challenges posed by rising populations and related energy demands and emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate decisions that influence materials selection for sustainable upgrade of existing structures and identify the extent to which environmental factors are applied. The study adopted a quantitative approach that involved an extensive literature review and a survey questionnaire randomly distributed to professionals in the construction industry as a way of identifying innovative sustainable upgrade decisions. A Mann-Whitey U test analysis was applied to establish decisions affecting materials selection. The results show materials selection decisions for sustainable upgrade of existing structures are focused on cost and physical properties including demand for materials, cost of sustainable upgrade, colour and texture of construction materials. Policy decisions and implementation strategies are required to improve environmental sustainability, and thereby reduce the negative effects of construction on the climate. Environmental considerations do not influence decisions on materials selection as much as cost, physical and aesthetics factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Applied Computing / Revista de Cómputo Aplicado is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study has two purposes. The first is to determine the relatively impact of EU framework programs (Lisbon Strategy to Horizon 2020) on the level of technological efficiency by comparing them with EU members and non-EU members selected countries. This paper also to compare technology efficiency of the EU member countries separately and as a union. The second is purpose to evaluate technological efficiency scores and the economic growth rates of the EU and the selected countries. Originality/Relevance: The relative efficiency of the technology and innovation of the EU was compared with other selected countries for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 and evaluated. In previous studies, we could not find a study evaluating the long-term impact of the European Union's framework programs and its efficiency of innovation. Methodology/approach: For measuring efficiency, DEA method was used with two inputs and four outputs which is represented the technology and innovations. Main results: The evidence shows that the efficiency of the technology and innovation of the EU was quite low in 2000, and it has reached an increasing trend over the years and reached the full efficient in 2015 and 2018. The analyses which were done separately for 26 EU countries, the efficiency scores are relatively low among EU countries. It reveals that the EU provides a strong platform for R&D collaborations for creative destruction. Social/management contributions: The EU should continue to design promoting cooperation networks, frameworks programs to support stable economic growth patterns and long-term technologybased growth targets, considering the distinctive features of its economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning is a technology that mimics human intelligence using deep learning algorithms. Learning algorithms only work on numerical datasets. Categorical datasets consist of qualitative or quantitative data. In order for qualitative data sets to be used in learning algorithms, the data set must be digitized. There are many coding techniques for digitization, such as label coding, sequential coding, total coding, binary coding and hot coding, but these coding techniques have some difficulties and inadequacies in terms of performance, cost and use. On the other hand, it may be necessary to know the original of the training output obtained with a coding technique. This study has emerged as a result of the search for a more original and better performing infrastructure that can be a solution to the inadequacies arising from the use of coding techniques in the digitization of categorical data. The developed method was applied on a total of 46 categorical features and 80.154.139 pieces of data in 7 different categories in an international logistics company. According to the results of the tests, a total of 153.62% performance gain was obtained between 23.07% and 300.13% on the basis of data sets. The study has a structure that can be used easily in similar areas with its high performance gain and original structure. It offered an alternative solution to the use of coding techniques in machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional investigation into the organizational factors that influence the development of new products in Mexican organizations. We examine the degrees of complexity to determine the influence of three organizational levels, divided into four variables, on New Product Development (NPD) activities. The first level is related to Human Factors (HF), which focuses on the internal members involved in the NPD activities and their functions. The second level is related to Innovation (Inn) and Technology (Tec), which corresponds to the level of processes established in the organization and during NPD. The final level corresponds to the Cluster Strategies (QS) employed by the organizations, which focuses on their ability to work collaboratively with other organizations outside of their current internal boundaries. The influences of the proposed variables are then analyzed with results showing that QS, Inn, Tec, and HF explain, in a range of 58.8%, the emergence of successful NPD based on R2. The study's findings provide a basis for future research through advanced statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article consists of a theoretical essay, essentially supported by bibliographical research strongly complemented with our own experience in most subjects and it has a qualitative and exploratory bias. It consists of an introduction to the research object where we make a broad approach in a world undergoing constant changes specially related to scientific and technical aspects of science, technology, and innovation diplomacy (ST&I) during the last two decades. Among many others, to address the issue we have chosen some relevant areas like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber Diplomacy, and Quantum Technology. We also make the linkages between the ST&I aspects and diplomacy, and its relationship with some aspects of military technologies. In this aspect, we reinforce the relevance – a point of concern – of the proliferation of military technologies by scientific collaboration, commercial trade, or other mechanisms. Despite the traditional scientific collaborations between thousands of groups all around the world, we show the importance of considering that both enemies and potential enemies, should be avoided of having access to certain critical and sensitive technologies. In this way, we show its relevance and importance as a strategic planning in national defense essential for the sovereignty of any country and international security. technologies by scientific collaboration, commercial trade, or other mechanisms. Despite the traditional scientific collaborations between thousands of groups all around the world, we show the importance of considering that both enemies and potential enemies, should be avoided of having access to certain critical and sensitive technologies. In this way, we show its relevance and importance as a strategic planning in national defense essential for the sovereignty of any country.

This article analyzes the reconfiguration of international power since the end of the Cold War by incorporating crucial dimensions of Science, Technology, and Innovation (ST&I). We track the evolution of relative positions occupied by the United States, the European Union, China, Japan, India, Russia, Brazil, and South Korea in the global economy between 1990 and 2020 in three dimensions: production dynamism (measured by relative share in world GDP calculated by Purchasing Power Parity), scientific and technological dynamism (measured by relative share in authorship of articles published in indexed international journals), and innovation dynamism (measured by relative share in world patent registration). To measure and evaluate the structural changes in progress, we adapted the Rae and Taylor as well as the Laakso and Taagepera indexes, commonly used to assess fragmentation degrees in political systems, to elaborate relative power concentration/dispersion indexes in each dimension and indicate the number and composition of “relative powers” within them. The results show the erosion of relative power of the “traditional powers” (United States, Europe and Japan), the accelerated Chinese ascension and the emergence of new “relevant powers” (especially India and South Korea), but with different diffusion/concentration degrees according to the dimension considered. They reinforce the understanding that national capacities in ST&I have become a central vector in the reconfiguration of world power.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the development of the cooperation between Brazil and Australia in science, technology and innovation (ST&I), as a unique collaboration resulting from a bottom-up strategy. Different from the cooperation approaches with other countries, with whom historical and cultural relations exist, it was built upon people-to-people linkages. Substantial partnerships between universities were fundamental to those linkages, fostering exchange programs and collaborative projects. They contributed to consolidate a critical mass among researchers, a condition expected by both countries’ governments to move forward signing an international high-level political agreement, which is currently implementing its first Joint Committee. The paper describes both countries’ institutional architecture, policy documents, agreements and exchange data, providing inputs for an exploratory analysis of their agenda and policy objectives for ST&I cooperation. It also demonstrates how people-to-people linkages can be fruitful when established in areas of common interest, such as water resources management, agriculture and tropical diseases, leading to an inevitable thickening of the ST&I cooperation. This analysis confirms the success of a bottom-up approach to ST&I cooperation in the pursuit of joint solutions for common challenges. When political will meets a strong scientific knitting and bilateral technical awareness, forthcoming results are expected to enhance strategic projects in areas of emerging importance. The expectation is to help policy makers comprehend the value of already existing partnerships, therefore stimulating innovative projects under the Brazil Australia ST&I Agreement.

The article aims to discuss recent changes in the way science has produced, distributed and legitimized scientific knowledge. The analysis seeks to articulate the global transformations of science with the way they have occurred in Brazil, emphasizing its own and particular characteristics. The chosen time frames bring us 3 different periods. The first corresponds to the post-war perio and ends in the mid-1970s. The second did not end but has been gradually challenged by the phenomenon of globalization of National Innovation Systems (NIS) and the concomitant trend of internationalization of science and technology. The third time frame refers to this emergence and its meaning, still in dispute, which points to new ways of producing science.

Indigenous or traditional knowledge (TK) systems are the springboard of authentic African innovation and creativity. However, there has been no adequate attempt to determine whether Africa internalizes its comparative advantage in Indigenous knowledge systems in its continental frameworks for socio-economic and development collaboration and aspirations. Despite TK's presumed significance and Africa's proactive promotion of Indigenous knowledge in international fora, TK is treated marginally in key instruments, perhaps as a legacy of colonially entrenched contempt for Indigenous knowledge systems. For Africa to effectively participate in the science and technology revolution, it is necessary to have an introspective and critical appraisal of the present traction around Indigenous knowledge, which is a logical starting point for effective science, technology and innovation policy-making in furtherance of African socio-economic and development collaboration in the knowledge economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

No abstract available.

'Science' has for long been advocated as a key driver of Africa's post-independence modernisation. This project featured strongly in the Organization of African Unit Lagos Plan of Action of 1980 that called for governments to mobilise 1% of GDP towards building their scientific and technological capabilities. The 1% goal was duly re-affirmed at the African Union Ministers' Conference of 2003, in Africa's Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action 2005, and in the 2014 Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa. The contribution presents a high-level assessment of the extent to which these various efforts are revealed in the present continent-wide status of science, technology and innovation (STI). To this end, a high-level appraisal of STI inputs, focus and outputs is assembled. In so doing, the limitations of data and STI indicators must be acknowledged. While there are signs of progress, STI policy has greater rhetorical than operational outcome, raising concerns for African states' capability to attain the SDGs and shape their participation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]