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‘Geotechnical Engineering Challenges to Meet Current and Emerging Needs of Society’ includes the papers presented at the XVIII European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Lisbon, Portugal, August 26 to 30th, 2024). The papers aim to contribute to a better understanding of problems and solutions of geotechnical nature, as well as to a more adequate management of natural resources. Case studies are included to better disseminate the success and failure of Geotechnical Engineering practice. The peer-reviewed articles of these proceedings address the six main topics:· New developments on structural design· Geohazards· Risk analysis and safety evaluation· Current and new construction methods· Environment, water, and energy· Future city world visionWith contributions from academic researchers and industry practitioners from Europe and abroad, this collection of conference articles features an interesting and wide-ranging combination of innovation, emerging technologies and case histories, and will be of interest to academics and professionals in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Öl- und Partikelemissionen an einem Ottomotor mit Direkteinspritzung und Turboaufladung. Dabei werden die Entstehungsmechanismen der Partikelemission bezüglich mechanischer Einflüsse aus der Kolbengruppe und auch der Gemischbildungsparameter wie Kraftstoff und Einspritzung analysiert, um die Ursachen der Partikelemission zu identifizieren und daraus Optimierungsmaßnahmen an Motoren ableiten zu können. Der methodische Ansatz beinhaltet eine Versuchsführung mit stationären und dynamischen Messungen, insbesondere auch Ausschnitte aus Realfahrzyklen zur Abbildung zukünftiger Emissionsanforderungen an den Verbrennungsmotor. Für die zeitlich aufgelöste Messung zur Analyse der Dynamikvorgänge wird eine Kombination aus einem Kondensationspartikelzähler und einem Elektrometer zur Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung sowie einem Time-of-Flight-Massenspektrometer zur Messung der schwerflüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffe aus dem Öl eingesetzt. Die zusätzliche Information der Massenzusammensetzung im Rohabgas wird für verschiedene Kurbelgehäuse- und Saugrohrdrücke bei Schub-Last-Wechseln und Einspritzvariationen im stationären Motorbetrieb genutzt und detailliert analysiert. Hierfür wird eine Auswertemethodik entwickelt, um Einflüsse des Motoröls und der Gemischbildung auf die Partikelemission zu bewerten.

Smart and Resilient Infrastructure For Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Building Better is about pressing and multidimensional challenges faced in constructing resilient, sustainable, and smart infrastructure in developing countries. The 32 case studies, literature reviews, comparative analyses and systematic reviews, cover a wide range of topics, including:sustainable and resilient infrastructure developmentsmart citiesdigital innovation in constructioninfrastructure investmentconstruction ergonomicssocio-environmental sustainabilitygender equity, andclimate change responsesThe contributions present innovative solutions, impactful insights, and substantive contributions to the discourse on sustainable infrastructure development, and illuminate the interplay between infrastructure development, social justice, environmental sustainability, and technological advancement.Smart and Resilient Infrastructure For Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Building Better is essential reading for academics, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students involved in the built environment, infrastructure delivery, investment in infrastructure, civil engineering, architecture, urban planning, environmental science, and other related disciplines.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geosynthetics (12 ICG), held in Roma, Italy, 17-21 September 2023. About 750 Authors - Academics, Researchers, Students, Practitioners, Contractors and Manufacturers – contributed to the peer-reviewed papers of this volume, which includes the Giroud lecture, the Bathurst lecture, the Rowe lecture, four keynote lectures and 296 technical papers. The content of these proceedings illustrates the sustainable use of geosynthetics in a variety of innovative as well as consolidated applications. After the sustainability implications in the correct use of geosynthetics, the ability to overcome the natural events effects, often related to the climate change, and to adequately afford the human activities (as the increase of pollution) forced to refer to a new keyword: Resiliency.The 12 ICG intends to become the base for the next step, hence the conference theme is 'Geosynthetics, Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet'. The conference topics, through general and parallel sessions, invited presentations and keynote lectures, address the most recent developments in geosynthetic engineering, and stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interaction among academicians, professionals, manufacturers, students. The 12 ICG proceedings contain a wealth of information that could be useful for researchers, practitioners and all those working in the broad, innovative and dynamic field of geosynthetics.

In August 2022, researchers and developers from Armenia, Chile, Germany, and Japan met at the American University of Armenia for the third edition of the CODASSCA Workshop on Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications, co-organized with a Summer School on Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning. This book presents their contributions on intelligent technologies in data science and human-centered computing.

Die vorliegende Dissertation umfasst experimentelle Untersuchungen zu den Ursachen der Partikelentstehung in Ottomotoren mit Saugrohreinspritzung sowie die Ableitung möglicher Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der Gemischbildung und somit zur Verringerung der Partikelemission. Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Gemischbildung wurden an einer Verdunstungskammer in der Gestalt eines Einlasskanals durchgeführt. Die Verdunstungsneigung verschiedener Sprayauslegungen konnten so bewertet werden. Zur Analyse und Minimierung von Kraftstoffwandfilmen wurden Aufnahmen an einem geschleppten Transparentmotor mit Glaszylinder mit Hilfe von High-Speed-Kameras realisiert. Hierdurch konnten Wandfilme innerhalb des Brennraums visualisiert und anhand ihrer Fläche quantifiziert werden. Eine Vielzahl von innermotorischen Einflussparametern auf die Partikelemission wurde schließlich an einem mit Endoskopen sowohl im Brennraum als auch im Saugrohr optisch zugänglichen Vollmotor untersucht. Drei dominierende Quellen für die Partikelentstehung im Brennraum von Ottomotoren mit Saugrohreinspritzung konnten dabei identifiziert werden: Kraftstoffwandfilme an den Einlassventilen, Wandfilme an der Zylinderlaufbuchse sowie Inhomogenitäten in der Gasphase. Die innermotorischen Parameter Motorlast, Motortemperatur, Ventilsteuerzeiten, Einspritztiming, Ladungsbewegung, Injektorsprayauslegung und Kraftstoffdruck wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Partikelentstehung sowie auf ihr Potential zur Reduktion der Partikelemission untersucht und bewertet.

Since 1976, the Vibrations in Rotating Machinery conferences have successfully brought industry and academia together to advance state-of-the-art research in dynamics of rotating machinery. 12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery contains contributions presented at the 12th edition of the conference, from industrial and academic experts from different countries. The book discusses the challenges in rotor-dynamics, rub, whirl, instability and more. The topics addressed include: - Active, smart vibration control - Rotor balancing, dynamics, and smart rotors - Bearings and seals - Noise vibration and harshness - Active and passive damping - Applications: wind turbines, steam turbines, gas turbines, compressors - Joints and couplings - Challenging performance boundaries of rotating machines - High power density machines - Electrical machines for aerospace - Management of extreme events - Active machines - Electric supercharging - Blades and bladed assemblies (forced response, flutter, mistuning) - Fault detection and condition monitoring - Rub, whirl and instability - Torsional vibration Providing the latest research and useful guidance, 12th International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery aims at those from industry or academia that are involved in transport, power, process, medical engineering, manufacturing or construction.

The aim of the present thesis is to examine the cognitive control mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention by considering the influence of variables that increase the complexity of an auditory scene. Therefore, technical aspects such as dynamic binaural hearing, room acoustics and head movements as well as those that influence the efficiency of cognitive processing are taken into account. Step-by-step the well-established dichotic-listening paradigm is extended into a realistic spatial listening paradigm. Conducted empirical surveys are based on a paradigm examining the intentional switching of auditory selective attention. Performance measure differences between the repetition of the target's spatial position and the related switch describe the loss of efficiency associated with redirecting attention from one target's location to another. To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is decoded, interference in the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information is created in the paradigm. Using the binaural-listening paradigm, the ability to intentionally switch auditory selective attention is tested when applying different methods of spatial reproduction. Essential differences between real sources, an individual and a non-individual binaural synthesis are found. As a step towards multi-talker scenarios in realistic environments participants are tested in differently reverberating environments, resulting in highly affected switch costs. Age-related effects are found when applying the binaural-listening paradigm, indicating difficulties for elderly to suppress processing the distractor's speech.

With the changing landscape of the transport sector, there are also alternative powertrain systems on offer that can run independently of or in conjunction with the internal combustion (IC) engine. This shift has actually helped the industry gain traction with the IC Engine market projected to grow at 4.67% CAGR during the forecast period 2019-2025. It continues to meet both requirements and challenges through continual technology advancement and innovation from the latest research. With this in mind, the contributions in Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 not only cover the particular issues for the IC engine market but also reflect the impact of alternative powertrains on the propulsion industry. The main topics include:• Engines for hybrid powertrains and electrification • IC engines • Fuel cells • E-machines • Air-path and other technologies achieving performance and fuel economy benefits • Advances and improvements in combustion and ignition systems • Emissions regulation and their control by engine and after-treatment • Developments in real-world driving cycles • Advanced boosting systems • Connected powertrains (AI) • Electrification opportunities • Energy conversion and recovery systems • Modified or novel engine cycles • IC engines for heavy duty and off highwayInternal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future Transport 2019 provides a forum for IC engine, fuels and powertrain experts, and looks closely at developments in powertrain technology required to meet the demands of the low carbon economy and global competition in all sectors of the transportation, off-highway and stationary power industries.

Das Wachstum des zivilen Luftverkehrs bedeutet eine große Herausforderung für die Luftfahrtbranche. Nur durch effizientere Triebwerke können der spezifische Verbrauch von fossilen Energieträgern und die spezifischen Emissionen reduziert werden und so der Zugang zu Flugreisen für die wachsende Weltbevölkerung sichergestellt werden. Einen maßgeblichen Beitrag zur Steigerung der Effizienz kann die Optimierung der Kühlung von heißen Komponenten des Kerntriebwerks leisten. Gerade im thermisch hoch belasteten Bereich der ersten Turbinenstufen werden große Mengen an Kühlluft verwendet, die sich negativ auf den thermischen Wirkungsgrad auswirken. Neue Kühlverfahren ermöglichen es, den Kühlluftbedarf bei gleichen Standzeiten der Bauteile zu verringern. Vor einem möglichen Einsatz müssen diese neuen Verfahren untersucht und ihre Leistungsfähigkeit bestimmt werden, vor allem die Vorhersage der Materialtemperatur der Schaufeln muss hoch präzise erfolgen. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert neue Verfahren zur Kühlung von Rotorschaufeln. Es wird speziell auf die Drallkühlung eingegangen, die sich in grundlegenden Untersuchungen und in Verbindung mit den sich rapide verbessernden Möglichkeiten der additiven Fertigung als vielversprechendes Verfahren herausgestellt hat. Zur Beurteilung der neuen Konzepte werden Untersuchungen durchgeführt, bei denen die wichtigen strömungsmechanischen Ähnlichkeitskennzahlen der Maschine eingehalten werden. So können die Ergebnisse unmittelbar auf den Einsatz im Triebwerk übertragen werden. Die Untersuchungen bedeuten eine Herausforderung für die als Messtechnik eingesetzte Infrarotthermographie. Neue Kalibrierverfahren werden entwickelt und überprüft. Durch Anwendung dieser Verfahren kann die Oberflächentemperatur der Prüflinge hoch genau bestimmt werden. Anhand der mit den neuen Verfahren bestimmten Verteilung der Oberflächentemperatur und weiteren aerodynamischen Messungen werden abschließend Empfehlungen formuliert, wie ein auf Drallkühlung basierendes Kühlsystem für Turbinenrotorschaufeln leistungsfähiger werden kann und so die geforderte Lebensdauer dieser Bauteile sicherstellen kann.

What do we know about the current realities of work and its likely futures? What choices must we make and how will they affect those futures? Many books about the future of work start by talking about the latest technology, and focus on how technology is going to change the way we work. And there is no doubt that technology will have huge impacts. However, to really understand the direction in which work is going, and the impact that technology and other forces will have, we need to first understand where we are. This book covers topics ranging from the ‘mega-drivers of change’ at work, power, globalisation and financialisation, to management, workers, digitalisation, the gig economy, gender, climate change, regulation and deregulation. In doing this, it refers to some of the great works of science fiction. It demolishes several myths, such as that the employment relationship is doomed, that we are all heading to becoming ‘freelancers’ or ‘gig workers’ one day, that most jobs will be destroyed by technological change, that the growth in jobs will mainly be in STEM fields, that we will no longer value collectivism as we will all be ‘individuals’, or that the death of unionism is inevitable. The Realities and Futures of Work also rejects the idea of technological determinism—that whatever will be, will be, thanks to technological change—and so it refuses to accept that we simply need to prepare to adapt ourselves to the future by judicious training since there is nothing else we can do about it. Instead, this book provides a realistic basis for thinking about both the present and the future. It emphasises the choices we make, and the implications of those choices for the future of work.

Animal fibres from South American camelids and other fibre or wool bearing species provide important products for use by the human population. The contemporary context includes the competition with petrocarbon-based artificial fibres and concern about excessive persistence of these in the natural environment. Animal fibres present highly valuable characteristics for sustainable production and processing as they are both natural and renewable. On the other hand, their use is recognised to depend on availability of appropriate quality and quantity, the production of which is underpinned by a range of sciences and processes which support development to meet market requirements. This collection of papers combines international experience from South and North America, China and Europe. The focus lies on domestic South American camelids (alpacas, llamas) and also includes research on sheep and goats. It considers latest advances in sustainable development under climate change, breeding and genetics, reproduction and pathology, nutrition, meat and fibre production and fibre metrology. Publication of this book is supported by the Animal Fibre Working Group of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). ‘Advances in Fibre Production Science in South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals’ addresses issues of importance to scientists and animal breeders, textile processors and manufacturers, specialised governmental policy makers and students studying veterinary, animal and applied biological sciences.

This book presents contemporary case studies of land use, management practices, and innovation in Africa with a view to exploring how multifunctional land uses can alleviate food insecurity and poverty. Food security and livelihoods in Africa face multiple challenges in the form of feeding a growing population on declining land areas under the impacts of climate change. The overall question is what kind of farming systems can provide resilient livelihoods? This volume presents a selection of existing farming systems that demonstrate how more efficient use of land and natural resources, labour and other inputs can have positive effects on household food security and livelihoods. It examines how aquaculture, integrated water management, peri-urban farming systems, climate-smart agriculture practices and parkland agroforestry contribute multiple benefits. Drawing on case studies from Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Burkina Faso, contributed by young African scientists, this book provides a unique perspective on multifunctional land use in Africa and illustrates how non-conventional uses can be profitable while promoting social and environmental sustainability. Tapping into the global discussion on land scarcity and linking food security to existing land use change processes, this volume will stimulate readers looking for diversified land uses that are compatible with both household and national food security ambitions. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of African development, agriculture, food security, land use and environmental management, as well as sustainable development more generally, in addition to policymakers and practitioners working in these areas.

Indonesia’s commitment to reducing land-based greenhouse gas emissions significantly includes the expansion of conservation areas, but these developments are not free of conflicts. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of agrarian conflicts in the context of the implementation of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and forest carbon offsetting in Indonesia, a country where deforestation is a major issue. The author analyzes new kinds of transnational agrarian conflicts which have strong implications for global environmental justice in the REDD+ pilot province of Jambi on the island of Sumatra. The chapters cover: the rescaling of the governance of forests; privatization of conservation; and the transnational dimensions of agrarian conflicts and peasants’ resistance in the context of REDD+. The book builds on an innovative conceptual approach linking political ecology, politics of scale and theories of power. It fills an important knowledge and research gap by focusing on the socially differentiated impacts of REDD+ and new forest carbon offsetting initiatives in Southeast Asia, providing a multi-scalar perspective. It is aimed at scholars in the areas of political ecology, human geography, climate change mitigation, forest and natural resource management, as well as environmental justice and agrarian studies.

When auralizing moving sound sources in Virtual Reality (VR) environments, the two main input parameters are the location and radiated signal of the source. An array measurement-based model is developed to characterize moving sound sources regarding the two parameters in this thesis. This model utilizes beamforming, i.e. delay and sum beamforming (DSB) and compressive beamforming (CB) to obtain the locations and signals of moving sound sources. A spiral and a pseudorandom microphone array are designed for DSB and CB, respectively, to yield good localization ability and meet the requirement of CB. The de-Dopplerization technique is incorporated in the time-domain DSB to address moving source problems. Time-domain transfer functions (TDTFs) are calculated in terms of the spatial locations within the steering window of the moving source. TDTFs then form the sensing matrix of CB, thus allowing CB to solve moving source problem. DSB and CB are further extended to localize moving sound sources, and the reconstructed signals from the beamforming outputs are investigated to obtain the source signals. Moreover, localization and signal reconstruction are evaluated through varying parameters in the beamforming procedures, i.e. steering position, steering window length and source speed for a moving periodic signal using DSB, and regularization parameter, signal to noise ratio (SNR), steering window length, source speed, array to source motion trajectory and mismatch for a moving engine signal using CB. The parameter studies show guidelines of parameter selection based on the given situations in this thesis for modeling moving source using beamforming. Both algorithms are able to reconstruct the moving signals in the given scenarios. Although CB outperforms DSB in terms of signal reconstruction under particular conditions, the localization abilities of the two algorithms are quite similar. The practicability of the model has been applied on pass-by measurements of a moving loudspeaker using the designed arrays, and the results can match the conclusions drawn above from simulations. Finally, a framework on how to apply the model for moving source auralization is proposed.

In einem Solarturmkraftwerk werden hunderte bis tausende Spiegel (sogenannte Heliostate) einzeln der Sonne nachgeführt, sodass das Sonnenlicht auf die Spitze eines Turmes konzentriert wird. Dort befindet sich der Receiver, der die Solarstrahlung absorbiert und an das Wärmeträgermedium weitergibt. Große thermische Energiespeicher erlauben die ganztägige Stromproduktion (auch Nachts). In aktuellen Solarturmkraftwerken kommen als Wärmeträger- und Speichermedium häufig flüssige Nitratsalze wie Solar Salt zum Einsatz. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Wärmekapazität und den geringen Kosten eignen sie sich sehr gut zur thermischen Energiespeicherung, jedoch bringen sie auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Flüssigmetalle weisen in vielen Punkten Vorteile gegenüber den Flüssigsalzen auf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften von Flüssigmetallen detailliert analysiert und mit Solar Salt verglichen. Zur Bewertung werden die Jahreserträge bzw. die Stromgestehungskosten (LCOE) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein Potenzial zur Reduktion der Stromgestehungskosten mit Flüssigmetallen um bis zu 16 % gegenüber dem Referenzsystem mit Solar Salt, ohne dabei den Kraftwerksblock und den thermischen Speicher zu verändern.

La città come meta del viaggio nella sua lunga evoluzione nel corso della storia: un bisogno primario dell'uomo, un evento finalizzato alla conoscenza, all'istruzione, agli affari e agli scambi commerciali, alle conquiste militari o religiose, ma anche legato agli esodi per il conseguimento della mera salvezza fisica o spirituale. Nella cornice di una delle città storiche più celebrate al mondo, culla dell'antichità greca, del mito e della bellezza, meta intramontabile di viaggi di cultura e di piacere, e oggi, più che mai, fortemente protesa alla conservazione e alla valorizzazione della propria identità, questa raccolta di saggi intende offrire, nel solco della tradizione di studi dell'AISU, un'ulteriore occasione di riflessione e di confronto tra i più svariati ambiti disciplinari attinenti alla storia urbana.

Le città e le attività che in esse hanno luogo incidono significativamente sulle cause del cambiamento climatico, ma, al contempo, ne subiscono in maniera rilevante gli. Per tali ragioni, le aree urbane rappresentano non solo uno dei problemi, ma anche il principale campo di applicazione su cui intervenire per attenuare gli effetti negativi del climate change. Tra le strategie di contrasto al cambiamento climatico, l’adattamento ai suoi effetti ambientali è rimasta, nella pratica, prevalentemente ancorata al dibattito scientifico, principalmente a causa della difficoltà di trasferire le conoscenze scientifiche della climatologia urbana in metodi che possano essere prontamente assunti dai pianificatori per redigere gli strumenti urbanistici. Questo volume nasce come un tentativo di rafforzare il bagaglio culturale del pianificatore, stabilendo solide interconnessioni con la climatologia urbana, con l’obiettivo di costruire un nuovo linguaggio capace di considerare le relazioni intercorrenti tra la forma delle città e le strategie di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici da mettere in essere.

Dal 5 all’8 settembre 2018 l’Università della Tuscia e il Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali - DAFNE hanno ospitato la decima edizione del Congresso Internazionale INPUT. INPUT è un gruppo informale di ricercatori accademici italiani che operano in molti settori connessi all’uso dell’informatica nella pianificazione. Questa decima edizione del Congresso ha perseguito obiettivi multipli con un carattere olistico, senza confini, per affrontare la complessità degli attuali sistemi socio-ecologici seguendo un approccio sistemico finalizzato alla risoluzione dei problemi. In particolare, la conferenza è stata orientata a presentare lo stato dell'arte degli approcci di modellazione impiegati nella pianificazione urbana e territoriale in contesti nazionali e internazionali. Inoltre, la conferenza ha ospitato un seminario di Geodesign, di Carl Steinitz (Harvard Graduate School of Design) e Hrishi Ballal (via skype), Tess Canfield e Michele Campagna. Infine, l'ultimo giorno della conferenza, si è svolto l’hackfest di QGIS, in cui oltre 20 sviluppatori di software open source provenienti da tutta Italia hanno discusso le ultime novità e gli aggiornamenti dalla rete QGIS. L'acronimo “INPUT” è nato come “INformatics per Urban and Regional Planning”. Nella transizione alla grafica, involontariamente, il primo termine è stato trasformato in "Innovazione", con un bell'esempio di serendipità, in cui un piccolo errore si trasforma in qualcosa di nuovo e intrigante.

La celebrazione del 794° anniversario della fondazione dell’ateneo fridericiano diventa un’occasione per restituire alla città uno dei suoi luoghi simbolici, il Cortile delle Statue nel chiostro monumentale del complesso del Salvatore, celebre per il sontuoso porticato in piperno, per le statue dei personaggi illustri del passato, per le meridiane settecentesche, per il grande orologio, oggi finalmente restaurato. Anni di lavori avevano impedito la piena fruizione dell’edificio che da secoli ospita una delle più straordinarie collezioni librarie antiche in Italia e che dall’Ottocento è stato teatro della crescita intellettuale di generazioni di studenti. Dopo l’Unità d’Italia fu creato nel Chiostro monumentale dell’Università un pantheon con le statue degli uomini illustri del passato e del presente, per esortare con l’esempio le nuove generazioni agli alti valori dell’etica e alla ricerca scientifica. La scelta di questa sede per festeggiare la fondazione di uno degli atenei più antichi di Europa significa raccogliere il lascito di «uno straordinario passato», per accendere, scrive Gaetano Manfredi, «in questi tempi complessi, il faro del pensiero critico nel mondo globale partendo dalle forti radici storiche».

Sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa; Agricultural economics; Climate change economics; Agricultural productivity; Modern technology adoption by farmers; Agricultural sustainability; Bioenergy Crop Adoption; Agro-Industrialization; Agriculture sector development; Environmental Efficiency; Global Value Chains; Regional value chains; African economic development; African agricultural transformation; Labour productivity; Drought Index Insurance; Supplemental irrigation; Special Economic Zones; ECOWAS countries

semantics; artificial intelligence; natural language processing systems; natural language processing; NLP; machine learning; social networking; named entities; support vector machines; SVM

Hierarchy; Cooperation; Agricultural systems; Governance; Primary sector; Socioeconomics; Agri-food chain; Agricultural economics

Codes of conduct; European policies; Civil drones; Safety and security; Creative industry

Sustainability; Biomass Management; Resource Management; Agriculture; Macroeconomics

Machine learning; Big data; Atomic resolution characterization; First-principles calculations; Nanomaterials synthesis

geospatial analytics; social observatory; big earth data; open data; citizen science; open innovation; earth system science; crowdsourced geospatial data; citizen science; science in society; data science

Earth Science; Soil Management; Water Management; Crop Nutrition; Nuclear; CRNS; Biomass Water Equivalent; Remote Sensing; Satellite Imagery

Haptic Musical Instruments; Haptic Psychophysics; Interface Design and Evaluation; User Experience; Musical Performance

Lange Zeit stellten die entkoppelten Direktzahlungen ein wichtiges Instrument zur Förderung der Landwirtschaft sowohl in den USA als auch in der EU dar. Ihre Abschaffung in den USA durch die Agrarreform von 2014 markierte den Bruch des bisherigen Trends zur Angleichung der Agrarpolitiken beider Akteure. Die vorliegende Arbeit erklärt mithilfe der Konvergenztheorie die Ursachen für die neu auftretenden Divergenzen. Es werden die Gründe für den Reformdruck in Bezug auf die Direktzahlungen identifiziert sowie die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den USA und der EU herausgearbeitet und bewertet. Schließlich werden die Konvergenzmuster untersucht und der Konvergenzprozess erklärt. Der Analyse liegt ein umfassender Vergleich der jeweiligen Entwicklung der Direktzahlungen zugrunde, einschließlich ihrer Behandlung in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur auf beiden Seiten des Atlantiks.

Exploring connections between adaptive control theory and practice, this book treats the techniques of linear quadratic optimal control and estimation (Kalman filtering), recursive identification, linear systems theory and robust arguments.

This book explores nanotechnology, a rapidly evolving and growing field with applications in a large number of areas. The concepts and physics are highlighted through topics such as nanoscience, quantum effects, nanostructures, and new forms of carbon. Applications and potential health and safety implications of nanomaterials are discussed for healthcare, food production, electronics, defence and more. Accessible and timely, this introduction to nanotechnology will interest students, teachers, politicians, and everyone else eager to learn more about this dynamic field.

Le teorie sulla nascita e lo sviluppo della città moderna sembrano concordare, senza eccezioni, su un punto: la città è il luogo di massima concentrazione dello scambio. Le attività, infatti, si insediano all’interno degli agglomerati urbani e metropolitani per minimizzare le risorse necessarie a soddisfare le crescenti necessità di relazione e di scambio con le altre attività localizzate sul territorio. Negli ultimi anni la concentrazione e la specializzazione di queste attività hanno comportato un aumento straordinario, per intensità e qualità, delle necessità di scambio, con la ovvia conseguenza di avviare alla congestione la maggior parte delle aree metropolitane con prevedibili conseguenze sulla sostenibilità delle aree urbane, sulla qualità della vita dei suoi abitanti e sui consumi energetici associati alla crescente domanda di mobilità. Come conseguenza, negli ultimi anni, diversi autori hanno sostenuto la necessità di una maggiore integrazione tra politiche di assetto urbano, gestione della mobilità ed efficientamento energetico. In tale contesto, il presente volume intende offrire un contributo in tale direzione e presenta i risultati di un progetto di ricerca, finalizzato alla messa a punto di un modello di governance integrato città-mobilità-energia. In particolare, la prima parte del lavoro è finalizzato alla definizione di un quadro conoscitivo del complesso rapporto tra mobilità, consumi energetici e ambiente costruito mediante una rassegna della letteratura scientifica più recente. In particolare, in tale sezione, vengono considerate le due principali fonti di consumo energetico in ambito urbano (il consumo energetico nel settore residenziale ed il consumo energetico dei trasporti) che costituiscono i settori di maggiore incidenza in Italia, rappresentando, secondo le più recenti stime, rispettivamente il 32% e 35% del consumo finale di energia. Vengono dunque presentate diverse caratteristiche dell’ambiente costruito quali, ad esempio, la densità, il mix funzionale o l’accessibilità e descritto come tali fattori influenzano il consumo energetico nel settore dei trasporti e nel settore residenziale. La comprensione di tali relazione risulta essere infatti di fondamentale importanza per la messa a punto di un mix coordinato di azioni finalizzate alla riduzione del consumo energetico in ambito urbano. Successivamente, vengono presentati i principali modelli presenti in letteratura per la stima dei consumi energetici residenziali e dei trasporti in ambito urbano, ponendo particolare attenzione ai punti di forza e di debolezza e di debolezza di ciascun modello, alla complessità ed agli aspetti tecnico-operativi connessi con l’implementazione di tali modelli. Nella seconda parte del lavoro viene presentato un focus sulle tecniche per la rappresentazione e la classificazione dei consumi energetici delle aree urbane, mediante una applicazione al caso studio di Napoli. Tale sezione in particolare pone particolare enfasi sulle nuove opportunità offerte dai Sistemi Informativi Geografici (GIS) e dalla crescente disponibilità di nuove fonti di dati. Il lavoro infatti integra l’utilizzo di fonti di dati “tradizionali” quali le indagini censuarie, nuove fonti di dati (in particolar modo dati aperti e big data) con analisi spaziali sviluppate ad hoc per fornire una conoscenza esaustiva dei pattern di consumo energetico all’interno del Comune di Napoli. La metodologia proposta è validata tramite il confronto dei risultati ottenuti con i dati precedentemente disponibili per l’area di studio e mediante l’implementazione di analisi statistiche di tipo spaziale in ambiente GIS. La metodologia proposta costituisce un utile strumento di supporto per decisori pubblici e policy makers per la definizione di strategie di governo integrato finalizzate alla riduzione e ottimizzazione dei consumi energetici pubblici e privati. In particolare, la metodologia descritta risulta essere utile per la classificazione e la rappresentazione dei consumi energetici a scala urbana, per l’individuazione delle problematiche energetiche presenti sul territorio e la valutazione ex post degli interventi sul sistema urbano. Infine, l’ultima parte del lavoro propone una analisi degli strumenti, delle azioni e delle best practices per la riduzione dei consumi energetici in ambito urbano. In particolar modo in tale capitolo vengono presentati gli strumenti di governo della mobilità alla scala urbana, descrivendo, per ciascuno di essi, i principali obiettivi, i contenuti e le modalità di attuazione. Vengono inoltre introdotti inoltre due nuovi strumenti di governo delle trasformazioni territoriali, il Piano Energetico Comunale ed il Piano di Azione per l'Energia Sostenibile che definiscono le politiche energetiche dei Comuni, finalizzate al raggiungimento di obiettivi di riduzione delle di gas emissioni clima-alteranti, efficientemente energetico ed impiego di fonti energetiche rinnovabili. Successivamente, viene presentata una sintesi ragionata delle azioni che i singoli Comuni possono mettere in campo per contenere i consumi energetici nel settore dei trasporti. Tali azioni sono organizzate in forma di indirizzi e criteri di azione. Gli indirizzi costituiscono orientamenti di carattere generale di governo della mobilità. I criteri di azione invece rappresentano una specificazione in chiave operativa dei primi. Infine, nell’ultima parte del capitolo vengono presentati alcuni casi di studio di interventi sulla mobilità urbana finalizzati al risparmio energetico realizzati in alcune città italiane ed europee. Si tratta di casi particolarmente rilevanti, esempi di una mobilità capace, da una parte, di ottimizzare l’uso e lo sviluppo delle risorse energetiche con interventi di risparmio dei combustibili tradizionali e di incentivazione all'utilizzo di fonti energetiche rinnovabili e, dall’altra, di rispondere alle nuove esigenze di trasporto di persone e merci in modo sicuro ed efficiente.

Capodimonte fu il primo palazzo reale dei Borbone di Napoli ma, trascurato a seguito della nascita delle regge di Portici e Caserta, fu costruito molto lentamente, potendo considerarsi terminato solo un secolo dopo la posa della prima pietra (1738). Lunghi anni che videro susseguirsi alla direzione del Sito reale molti architetti, alcuni annoverabili tra le figure più rappresentative della storia dell’architettura e dell’arte a Napoli tra Sette e Ottocento. Il Sito reale nacque in origine come riserva di caccia nei pressi della capitale e luogo di ristoro indispensabile al giovane Carlo di Borbone, che due anni dopo decise di costruirvi anche un palazzo reale. Tale decisione era destinata a modificare gli aspetti territoriali della collina settentrionale napoletana e a condizionare le scelte urbanistiche per la Napoli preunitaria. Questo studio, sulla scorta di un’attenta ricerca documentaria e iconografica, mette in evidenza il complesso sviluppo della reggia e del suo parco, che ancora oggi scontano gli aspetti più controversi del progetto e della sua esecuzione, emersi sin dal primo atto fondativo.

Research & Development; Technology Policy; Development Economics

return on engineering; innovation management; Elektromobilität; Mobilitätslösung

nuclear safety; decision making

climate change; food security; agricultural development; adaptation