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This empirical study examined undergraduate college students' perceptions about HyFlex/hybrid courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 305 students (73 male, 234 female) completed an online survey that assessed technological strategies, instructional strategies, and perceptions about HyFlex classes. Students indicated that most of their classes during the Spring 2021 semester were a mix of in-person and online, and professors used Google Meet for classes, and the learning management system (LMS) for assignments, syllabi, and rubrics. Student perceptions about their HyFlex classes indicated that they felt challenged in their classes and that course materials were available to them "during" and "after" class. Students also felt a lack of "connection" with other students in the class and were unsure if HyFlex improved their learning. Some of the aspects students liked about the HyFlex model included the "freedom to choose whether to attend in-person or virtually" (66.9%) and "flexibility to view lectures at my own pace" (55.4%), while aspects of the HyFlex model they did not like included "technology issues" (67.5%) and "not enough interaction with my classmates" (60.7%). Two open-ended questions generated comment themes with students indicating the need for classroom flexibility, classroom engagement, instructor communication, leveraging technology, and minimizing distractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gluten-free (GF) bakery products differ significantly from standard wheat flour products, usually with inferior characteristics. To reproduce the visco-elastic properties of wheat flour dough, GF bread is balanced by complex formulations based on gluten-free flour and starches, including hydrocolloids. They must ensure maximum similarity with conventional products to reduce the resistance of final consumers to GF products. Identifying formulations or technologies that would help mimic the gluten matrix has been and remains the focus of research in GF product design. Most research focuses on ingredients. This study provides an overview of the various technological strategies in designing GF bakery products: technologies applied to cereals, flours, dough, and final products. The study could broaden the boundaries regarding developing, selecting, and using technologies to design GF products. It would also serve as a support for further research into the development of GF products, perhaps by leveraging local products and ingredients and adapting efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly (including combined) technologies in such a way as to obtain products with high nutritional, rheological and organoleptic value.

Indigenous languages in South Africa must be preserved to ensure that they do not lose their identity and become extinct. The four indigenous languages with the fewest speakers among South Africa’s 12 official languages are: Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa and isiNdebele. The preservation of these languages in South Africa has been a long-standing challenge because of various social and economic factors. With the advancement of technology, opportunities have arisen to preserve and promote the use of these languages. Therefore, this study explores various technological strategies that can be used to preserve the South African indigenous languages. These languages can be preserved by making them widely accessible to users through various strategies such as localisation of daily used technology, translation through crowdsourcing, digitisation and archiving. Digital learning tools such as machine translation (MT) and creating online dictionaries can also contribute to preserving these languages. Each of these strategies offers benefits on how technology could be employed effectively and facilitate the preservation of indigenous languages. This study demonstrates the significance of technology in preserving indigenous languages and promoting their use around the world. Contribution: This study fills the practical gap in the use of technology to adequately preserve minority indigenous languages of South Africa, namely, Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa and isiNdebele. These languages do not receive much attention in terms of preservation using technology in South Africa. Therefore, the study provides practical technological strategies that need to be implemented to preserve the indigenous minority languages. The insight of this study into the use of technology to preserve South African languages fits well within the scope of Literator, which is to publish studies in linguistics and literature with a special focus on South African languages. This publication will bring solutions to how minority languages could be preserved in the context of South Africa.

In recent years, the world has been navigating through a series of crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, climate change, and massive food waste that have profoundly disrupted global waste management systems. The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war (RUW) exposed and aggravated the plastic system's inherent inefficiencies, which endanger society's commitment to a sustainable plastics system. Besides, climate change and colossal food waste are also recent issues that need proper value-added waste management systems. Energy prices experienced a drastic fall and rise due to these world crises. The COVID-19 time significantly affected the existing waste management system. Various factors influence how garbage is managed, such as shifts in waste quantity, variety, frequency, location, and risk. When the benefits and drawbacks of plastic are considered, a fair evaluation suggests that consumers' careless actions, negative attitudes, and lack of awareness are the major drivers leading to improper management, which in turn switches plastic into a harmful pollutant of the environment. This study analyzed recent effects, difficulties, policies and legislations, technology, and innovations in waste management as a response to COVID-19. Besides, the impact of RUW and climate change on global oil prices and how waste management industries could help to control the situation have been discussed. The method of food waste management system and the effectiveness of the circular economy and work-from-home concept on waste management systems have been analyzed. The need for resilient waste management systems capable of adapting to dynamic situations has been highlighted. The challenges, technological strategies, and recommendations for a sustainable future were discussed.

The digital divide, which refers to disparities in accessing and utilising digital technologies, has emerged as a noteworthy issue in education, especially in the context of postgraduate studies. The research, employing a mixed-method approach, investigates the methods employed by postgraduate educators to address the challenges posed by the digital divide in their teaching approaches. The study utilised a concurrent triangulation design, allowing for the simultaneous collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Initial data collection and analysis occurred in tandem with conducting indepth interviews with postgraduate teachers, followed by thematic analysis. The data was collected and analysed from 25 postgraduate teachers who work in diverse educational settings. Findings revealed that postgraduate teachers adopted various pedagogical, technological, and socio-cultural strategies to address the challenges of the digital divide. Pedagogical strategies included using diverse instructional strategies, adapting teaching methods, and leveraging prior knowledge of students. Technological strategies encompassed utilising available digital resources online platforms and promoting digital literacy along with Free Open Source Software and Open Educational Resources among students. Sociocultural strategies included building collaborative networks, creating inclusive classroom environments, and fostering a positive teacher-student relationship. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of how postgraduate teachers address the digital divide in their teaching practices and highlight the importance of innovative strategies to ensure equitable access to digital technologies in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will review the strategies and learning trajectories followed to tap the opportunities opened by the successive waves of biotechnologies: early imitators followed by late imitators in the first generation of biosimilars (erythropoietin, insulins, interferons), and then sequential entry and skipping stages during the second generation (monoclonal antibodies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital divide, which refers to disparities in accessing and utilising digital technologies, has emerged as a noteworthy issue in education, especially in the context of postgraduate studies. The research, employing a mixed-method approach, investigates the methods employed by postgraduate educators to address the challenges posed by the digital divide in their teaching approaches. The study utilised a concurrent triangulation design, allowing for the simultaneous collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Initial data collection and analysis occurred in tandem with conducting in-depth interviews with postgraduate teachers, followed by thematic analysis. The data was collected and analysed from 25 postgraduate teachers who work in diverse educational settings. Findings revealed that postgraduate teachers adopted various pedagogical, technological, and socio-cultural strategies to address the challenges of the digital divide. Pedagogical strategies included using diverse instructional strategies, adapting teaching methods, and leveraging prior knowledge of students. Technological strategies encompassed utilising available digital resources online platforms and promoting digital literacy along with Free Open Source Software and Open Educational Resources among students. Socio-cultural strategies included building collaborative networks, creating inclusive classroom environments, and fostering a positive teacher-student relationship. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of how postgraduate teachers address the digital divide in their teaching practices and highlight the importance of innovative strategies to ensure equitable access to digital technologies in education.

Conventional systems have been utilized to automate the rising prevalence of contemporary technologies. These systems encompass services provided to both corporations and individuals, including healthcare. Pharmacy data management systems that are conventional in nature encounter various obstacles such as limited capacity, time constraints, inventory management issues, restricted drug accessibility, and the requirement of proficient personnel to fulfill employer demands. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the main pharmacy implemented technological strategies that can be to improve healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the climate change mitigation strategies adopted by industries from the first commitment period of Kyoto Protocol (2008) till present day (2023). A systematic literature review was conducted using the AND operator to customise articles published in Scopus database of 15 years of first commitment period of Kyoto Protocol (2009–2023). Findings show that all the climate change mitigation strategies (CCMS) identified can broadly be classified into managerial and technological. These strategies span from carbon offsets to start-up (ex. renovation in construction industries) to hydrogen as an energy source. VOSviewer network analysis of research paper showed that large number of countries are working closely on CCMS with USA in the forefront. Keywords like climate change, sustainability, greenhouse gas (GHG) were found to be most common in the research articles. This study confirms the significance of adopting managerial and technological strategies in industries for sustainability management. In addition, finance for climate policy and mitigation in terms of cost effectiveness, trade-offs, pollution tax, investments seem to possess a considerable influence on the climate governance.

Gluten-free (GF) bakery products differ significantly from standard wheat flour products, usually with inferior characteristics. To reproduce the visco-elastic properties of wheat flour dough, GF bread is balanced by complex formulations based on gluten-free flour and starches, including hydrocolloids. They must ensure maximum similarity with conventional products to reduce the resistance of final consumers to GF products. Identifying formulations or technologies that would help mimic the gluten matrix has been and remains the focus of research in GF product design. Most research focuses on ingredients. This study provides an overview of the various technological strategies in designing GF bakery products: technologies applied to cereals, flours, dough, and final products. The study could broaden the boundaries regarding developing, selecting, and using technologies to design GF products. It would also serve as a support for further research into the development of GF products, perhaps by leveraging local products and ingredients and adapting efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly (including combined) technologies in such a way as to obtain products with high nutritional, rheological and organoleptic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to verify the main strategies that WEG, Tupy and Karten companies adopt toward innovation. Such companies are large and operate in the machinery and equipment manufacturing, metallurgical and textile sectors, respectively. To this end, qualified interviews with business representatives are used. The results show that companies adopt different strategies due to the segment they operate, the technological intensity required and the market they serve. Among the strategies adopted are the launch of the new products, continuous improvements in processes, maintenance of research and development structures and interactions with universities and research institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we define four technological strategies by analyzing two dimensions in the exploitation versus exploration choice: knowledge base and technical application. The relationships of technological strategies with the quality of invention are investigated. The operationalization of strategies through patent data is provided, using knowledge field combinations as the unit of analysis. Patents filed by worldwide top R&D spending technology hardware and equipment companies are analyzed. A 2 × 2 matrix is suggested, defining four strategies: strengthening, enrichment, resettlement, and venturing. Mixed effects regression models are used to investigate the effects of such strategies on invention quality, providing positive relationships in relation to the first two strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exact sciences have achieved many results, validated in practice. Although their application in economics is difficult due to the human factor involved, the lack of conservation laws, and experimental difficulties, it must be highlighted that the consistent bibliography gathered in recent years in this field encourages the econophysics approach. The objective of this article is to validate and/or define a few stock strategies, based on known results from mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The scope of this research demonstrates that statistics (in portfolio theory), geometry (in technical analysis), or financial mathematics can be used in the capital market. Many of the exact science results corresponded to strategies applicable to investors. Unlike the material world, financial markets have additional components that must be considered: human psychology, sociology at the firm level, and behavioral unpredictability. The findings obtained in this research enable the enormous vastness of the exact science results that can be a fertile source for new investment strategies. This article concludes that in order for mathematical theories to be applied to the stock market, it is essential that the start-up conditions (initial assumptions) are validated in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the position of large Russian companies on the competitive landscape of the global automotive market, a comparative analysis of the largest Russian companies with foreign counterparts was conducted on a number of financial and economic indicators characterizing their innovative activity and efficiency. To compare the patent portfolios of Russian companies and similar global companies, the following indicators were used: the total number of patent applications filed by the company, the stability of patent activity, the number of technological areas in the strategic focus of the company (the breadth of the company’s R&D footprint), etc. It is concluded that Russian automakers ignore the new paradigm of global market leadership based on technological development: their R&D budgets are hundreds of times smaller than those of foreign companies-analogues, and portfolios of patents obtained in various national patent offices are thousands and tens of thousands of times smaller compared to market leaders.

Owing to the rapid growth of the world's population and the consequent effects on the consumption of natural resources, we are facing increasing shortages in availability of proteins with high biological value. Additionally, considerations relating to animal welfare and human health have promoted the development of plant protein meat alternatives. The market for plant-based meat alternatives is expanding rapidly to cater to growing consumer demand. Soy protein has been successfully utilized in the preparation of meat alternatives, due to its excellent gelation properties and potential to form fibrous structures, and has become the most widely known alternative to animal protein. In this review, the development history of soy protein-based meat alternatives is summarized briefly. Next, the research work on raw material composition and main processing strategies of soy protein meat alternatives is highlighted, including protein and non-protein ingredients and extrusion processing techniques. Lastly, research prospects and development trends of soy protein meat alternatives are also outlined. High moisture extrusion is a relatively mature technology and is widely used for manufacturing soy protein meat alternatives with a similar fiber texture to meat. The main raw materials for preparing soy protein meat alternatives are soy protein and wheat gluten, although there are also studies on the use of vegetable proteins such as pea protein and peanut protein. Besides the main protein components, the addition of starch, fiber and other excipients also have an important impact on the development of fiber structure and nutrient richness of soy protein meat alternatives. In the process of extrusion, the interaction between these components causes a series of physical and chemical changes to occur, and anisotropic fiber structures to form. Further research needs to focus on optimizing technical parameters, improving nutrition and safety, and enriching product taste to meet consumer demands for product quality. Image • The development history of soy protein-based meat alternatives is summarized. • The recent studies on soy meat alternatives are highlighted. • The flavor improvement of soy meat alternatives is also reviewed. • The research prospects of soy meat alternatives are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exact sciences have achieved many results, validated in practice. Although their application in economics is difficult due to the human factor involved, the lack of conservation laws, and experimental difficulties, it must be highlighted that the consistent bibliography gathered in recent years in this field encourages the econophysics approach. The objective of this article is to validate and/or define a few stock strategies, based on known results from mathematics, physics, and chemistry. The scope of this research demonstrates that statistics (in portfolio theory), geometry (in technical analysis), or financial mathematics can be used in the capital market. Many of the exact science results corresponded to strategies applicable to investors. Unlike the material world, financial markets have additional components that must be considered: human psychology, sociology at the firm level, and behavioral unpredictability. The findings obtained in this research enable the enormous vastness of the exact science results that can be a fertile source for new investment strategies. This article concludes that in order for mathematical theories to be applied to the stock market, it is essential that the start-up conditions (initial assumptions) are validated in the market.

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims at analysing the relationships between technological strategies, open innovation adoption and type of innovation output obtained after the knowledge-based perspective. Six hypotheses are generated and tested on 243 companies in R&D intense industries. A patent-based framework is designed for defining the variables under investigation and regression analysis is performed. Open innovation is mostly adopted to pursue exploration and diversification and mainly leads to modular and radical innovation. Incremental innovation is mostly attained through R&D outsourcing, joint development leads to architectural innovation, whereas both the acquisition and the incorporation of external technologies pertain the access to modular and radical innovation. The work suggests scholars to address their interests not only on the open innovation adoption but also on the differences among the various practices that may be employed in opposition to the internal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents novel information on technological choices regarding lithic raw material and core exploitation in the proximity of the Avilés and Chico river confluence, in the steppe sector of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. The techno-morphological analysis of the Avilés 3 archaeological site indicated a predominance of informal, non-depleted cores (N=16) of expeditive manufacture. As a conclusion, this work poses that human groups did not seek to maximize raw material. Instead, they applied an expeditive rock exploitation strategy, within a high-mobility scenario with an abundant distribution of easily obtainable raw materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the cumulative trajectory of Brazilian industry's ability to innovate and the impact of this resource on firms' financial performance. From a broad base of data taken at the firm level, a cross-sectional analysis and a longitudinal analysis were combined, through structural equation modelling, in the construction of the trajectory of resource innovation with the combined use of the following techniques: a multilevel model, latent trajectory analysis, and an autoregressive model. The empirical model shows that the ability to innovate consists of factors that are associated with internal, external, and human resources. The influence on financial performance is positive and significant when the analysis involves the long term. The autoregressive effect of the ability to innovate in time is not significant, suggesting that the innovation process is cumulative, interactive, and nonlinear. These results are relevant to emerging countries that require continued public policies and a greater intensity of business investment in the innovation process, aiming at the longevity of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on some important but underestimated elements of green industrial dynamics: the evolution of firms' eco-innovation strategies and activities within a sector. While eco-innovation sectoral case studies have taken place before, our analysis is distinct in investigating the rate, direction and extent of eco-innovation in the automotive sector, represented here by the main automakers, in order to identify possibly sectoral-specific patterns in firms' strategies, as opposed to divergent strategic behaviors, grounded on evolutionary economic theory. We conduct a two-step empirical analysis using patent data from 1965 to 2012. Our findings suggest a process of co-evolution of firms' strategies and indicate that strong sectoral-specific patterns of eco-innovation are present in this sector from the mid-2000s onwards. For fuel cells technologies, however, we observe the formation of two antagonist patterns. A further econometric analysis is conducted and indicates that the positioning of the firms between these two groups is correlated with the firms' profit margins and the size of firms' patent portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern Caucasus/Transcaucasia was occupied by human groups throughout the Pleistocene from 1.8 Ma (Dmanisi). A long chronological gap currently separates this earliest assemblage from the first evidence of (Acheulean-type) bifacial technology, as assemblages with bifaces do not seem to be older than 500 ka. Acheulean sites are frequent on the southern edge of the Great Caucasus but are absent on the northern side. Most of these are badly or non-dated open-air sites. There are, however, three cave sites in Georgia with archaeological sequences comprising lithic assemblages related to the Acheulean: Koudaro I, III and Tsona, located on the Great Caucasus. The altitude of these sites ranges from 1500 to 2200 m (a.s.l.) indicating occupations in a high mountainous context. Following a new technological analysis of the lithic series, this paper focuses on the assemblages from Koudaro I and Tsona and describes the strategies implemented for core and bifacial technologies in relation to palaeoenvironmental data and raw material procurement. Koudaro I indicates that both debitage and shaping took place in the cave, whereas only various heavy-duty tools were brought to Tsona, probably for short-term and specialized occupations. Acheulean groups occupied high altitudes during temperate periods and raw material procurement suggests hominin mobility between the low plateaus and the Caucasian valleys. The sites suggest that Acheulean groups extended their available territories into the Great Caucasus when climatic conditions were propitious. Moreover, comparisons between Levantine and Georgian series suggest that the southern flanks of the Great Caucasus mountain range gave rise to a local evolution of Acheulean features after the arrivals of hominin groups with the bifacial technology, likely from the Levant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results from a study of Solutrean points from Upper Solutrean assemblages on the Iberian Peninsula. This supraregional, comparative approach--using a standardized and consistent set of attributes and analytical methods--focuses on the technological organization and strategies involved in the design, production, and use of these tools to shed light on possible reasons for synchronic variability beyond that of the final tool types. The data suggest that regional patterning is deeply rooted in distinct tool manufacture and use behaviors, reflecting adaptations of technological strategies to the different subsistence and mobility patterns of hunter-gatherer groups living in rather different environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the technological efforts made by Transnational Corporations(1) (TNCs) affiliates in Brazil. Many studies have indicated that most TNCs concentrate their main technological activities in their home, developed countries. However, empirical investigation has shown TNC affiliates in Brazil have presented a higher profile than local firms in terms of both innovative performance and R&D efforts. This study is an attempt to examine the technological efforts of TNC affiliates in Brazil and their main determinants, considering the recent changes in TNC strategies for global organization of production and technologicalactivities. The study is based on data analysis from 450 firms controlled by foreign capital operating in São Paulo State in 1996. The database was taken from the first PAEP – Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista –, which comprises not only economic indicators, but also includes an innovation survey based on OECD guidelines. Using multivariate techniques, we have identified distinct strategies of TNCs subsidiaries in regard to technological activities, which reflect different technological effort patterns. In addition, the article reveals that such diversity of technological strategies has been influenced by the size of firms, the industrial sector to which the firm belongs and the nationality of foreign capital, in this order.

This paper will review the strategies and learning trajectories followed to tap the opportunities opened by the successive waves of biotechnologies: early imitators followed by late imitators in the first generation of biosimilars (erythropoietin, insulins, interferons), and then sequential entry and skipping stages during the second generation (monoclonal antibodies).

P 96 is a coastal archaeological site located in the Santa Cruz river mouth, composed of a number of vertebrate bones and lithic artifacts in a sandy substrate, dated to the late Holocene. Faunal remains show the exhaustive exploitation of a reproductive colony of sea lions and the occasional hunt of cormorants and guanacos. Expedient lithic technology was manufactured on local and immediately available raw materials. There are exhausted and active edges discarded pieces with potential resahrpening sizes which show the knowledge of these hunter- gatherers about the disponibility of resources in this coastal sector (or segment). Human occupations were short and temporally spaced, and witness the recurrent use of this sector in order to exploit the colonies of sea lions over 800 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paso Otero 4 is located in the middle basin of the Quequ?n Grande River (Necochea District, Argentina), within the Paso Otero archaeological locality. Human occupations were dated at ca. 8900-4600 years BP. The aim of this paper is to present the main trends of the lithic technology at the site, basically in relation with raw material acquisition, knapping techniques, tool production and the stages of the chaine operatoire represented in the two archaeological levels that compose the site. On the basis of this information the functionality of the site is discussed. Finally, the results presented in this paper are compared with the available lithic information from nearby sites of different chronology: Paso Otero 5 (Pleistocene-Holocene transition), Paso Otero 3 (Middle Holocene) and Zanj?n Seco 2 (Late Holocene). Changes in the technological strategies during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene periods in the middle basin of the Quequ?n Grande River are proposed. The latter includes, among others, a reduction in the catchment areas of lithic resources and a provisioning places strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Discussions on business strategy formation in the past 50years can be separated into two categories: the inside-out and the outside-in approach. Technology is a critical factor when manager formulate their business strategy, and patents have served as an important indicator of technology. A patent portfolio can be used to understand the capabilities of a firm, as an inside resource pattern; and the patent citation of firms can be used to find the relationship of a firm, as an outside dependency. This study uses patent information to establish an effective model for the technological position of business methods. The 5 by 6 matrix was generated and four situations between firms were induced. Researchers and managers can use that matrix and situations to recognize the real competitors or cooperators, and formulate the technological strategies which include competition, cooperation, or complementary cooperation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]