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The sludge from water treatment plants (WTP) is a waste from the water process. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating water treatment plant (WTP) sludge, replacing the water used in compacted soil–cement mixtures. The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The soil, with the addition of liquid WTP sludge, presented an apparent dry specific weight (ƴd) of 1.77 gf·cm−3, the optimum moisture value in the compaction test of 15%, and the cement contents tested were 7, 11, and 14%. The specimens were molded using a WTP sludge–cement–soil mixture under the conditions mentioned above, and the simple compression results showed values within the range of 2.5 to 9.3 MPa, as specified by the Brazilian Technical Standard (NBR) 8491/2012. The hydraulic conductivity performed on the test specimen after 28 days of curing resulted in a coefficient (k) of 7.49 × 10−9 cm·s−1, classified as little permeable. The result obtained from aluminum leaching was 0.12 mg·L−1, within the maximum limit allowed by NBR 10004/2004. Therefore, liquid WTP sludge has a significant capacity for incorporation into the compacted soil–cement mixture and the potential to manufacture ecological bricks, an alternative environmentally sustainable brick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Investigation & Surveying is the property of Railway Investigation & Surveying Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This experimental work developed a vegetable drink from coconut milk, pistachios and maple syrup to take advantage of the nutritional benefits contained in each ingredient. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, employing an Analysis of Variance and Tukey's test, three beverage treatments (B1, B2 and B3) with four replicates, modifying the amounts of coconut milk, pistachios and maple syrup. Calcium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The treatment that obtained the highest calcium content was B3, with a statistical mean of 638.43±15.10 mg/kg, followed by B2 with a mean of 538.87±24.14 mg/kg, and finally B1 with a mean of 430.48±28.34 mg/kg. The results of the protein and fiber content analysis for the treatment with the highest calcium content (B3) were 3.95% and 2.75%, respectively. Microbiological analyses were also performed on B3. INEN Standard 2337 was used as a reference for the determination of the microbiological characteristics of juices, pulps, concentrates, nectars, fruit and vegetable drinks. All parameters evaluated in the vegetable drink met the requirements established by the reference standard, indicating that the product was produced under adequate hygienic conditions and is suitable for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. In Peru, municipal solid waste in 2021 reached 8,215,355.9 tons and only 61.28 % is disposed of in sanitary landfills to be treated through composting; however, its implementation is deficient and requires studies to obtain a usable product as a substrate or amendment and reduce environmental pollution. Objective. The study determined the levels of nutrients, heavy metals, fecal microorganisms, and the quality of compost based on solid urban organic waste produced at the Shapajilla Valorization Plant in the Leoncio Prado province of Peru. Materials and methods. Four piles of organic solid waste were composted and evaluated for nutrients, heavy metals, fecal microorganisms, and quality based on Chilean Standard 2880 and Spanish Standard 824. Results. 95 % of the composted materials were food waste, fruit and peelings, and there were no differences between the piles evaluated. During processing, the temperature reached the different stages and the pH increased. High pH levels (>7.50) and low levels of Ca, Mg and K (< 1 %) were found; heavy metals presented differences and low levels, with absence of microorganisms of fecal origin, and the composts were of intermediate quality (B). Conclusions. The compost produced is of intermediate quality, free of metals and pathogenic microorganisms, and can be used as a substrate or amendment with some limitations, due to the high pH levels and low levels of Ca, Mg and K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science advances at a slow pace but can be accelerated with a standard for computable expression of scientific knowledge, more precisely a technical standard for electronic data exchange of machine‐interpretable data expressing scientific knowledge. Efforts to achieve this vision include Evidence‐Based Medicine on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (EBMonFHIR), COVID‐19 Knowledge Accelerator (COKA), Computable Publishing LLC, Scientific Knowledge Accelerator Foundation, and the Fast Evidence Interoperability Resources (FEvIR) Platform. The vision for communicating scientific research results to be instantly found, viewed, sent, received, and incorporated into thousands of system is a Just‐in‐time Evidence Dissemination and Integration (JEDI) vision. Reflections on JEDI teachings in a fun way helps explain the focus on the "Resource" to make science computable, how a precise specification of evidence changes perspectives, the need to reset standard terminologies, the inclusive nature of efforts to achieve the vision, and the critical demand to realize the vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Science advances at a slow pace but can be accelerated with a standard for computable expression of scientific knowledge, more precisely a technical standard for electronic data exchange of machine‐interpretable data expressing scientific knowledge. Efforts to achieve this vision include Evidence‐Based Medicine on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (EBMonFHIR), COVID‐19 Knowledge Accelerator (COKA), Computable Publishing LLC, Scientific Knowledge Accelerator Foundation, and the Fast Evidence Interoperability Resources (FEvIR) Platform. The vision for communicating scientific research results to be instantly found, viewed, sent, received, and incorporated into thousands of system is a Just‐in‐time Evidence Dissemination and Integration (JEDI) vision. Reflections on JEDI teachings in a fun way helps explain the focus on the “Resource” to make science computable, how a precise specification of evidence changes perspectives, the need to reset standard terminologies, the inclusive nature of efforts to achieve the vision, and the critical demand to realize the vision.

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Smart Rail Transit is the property of Smart Rail Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China has established a complete system of geochemical exploration methods and techniques with various levels and ideas basically matched, and with equal emphasis on mineral exploration and ecological survey. The system takes over 60 years of research by several generations of geochemical exploration workers. Consequently, 23 technical standards of geochemical exploration methods have been set up as well. Over the past decade, 17 standards have been formulated and revised, 3 standards are being formulated, and 4 standards will be formulated and revised soon. With the transformation and development of geological survey work in the new era, the demand for geochemical exploration technology standards changes. Accordingly, the formulation and revision of geochemical exploration technical standards, which are guided by the major needs of national energy resources security and ecological civilization construction, focus on the following 3 aspects. ① The exploration of scarce minerals will focus on foreign resource exploration, domestic concealed mineral exploration, renewable energy exploration and the quality requirements of sample analysis. In these areas, existing standards should be revised adaptively, and new methods and technical standards should be formulated. ② Ecological geochemical survey will focus on the revising and upgrading of a series of technical standards and the formulation of new standards for land quality, ecological environmental geochemical monitoring and early warning. ③ The construction of geochemical informatization will focus on the formulation of a series of technical standards, such as screening of metallogenic geochemical information based on geochemical big data, anomaly discrimination and resource potential prediction and evaluation, as well as scientific judgment and quantitative prediction of ecological environment risk from regional scale to national scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With thirty years of life, the Mercosur has accumulated information and experiences that should be used to guide its development in the decades to come. If the results may not have met the most optimistic expectations, Mercosur continued to exist and to remain faithful to its founding objectives: the creation of a free trade area and the sub-regional customs union in South America. The accumulated experience in harmonizing regulations and technical standards, a condition for overcoming technical barriers to trade and making productive integration feasible, is quite substantial. The results obtained in terms of competitiveness and trade could have been better, but the challenges were greater. Macroeconomic instability as well as the historically poor infrastructure and structural differences between partners were the main obstacles. The similarity in the government’s collaboration with the private sector in the countries that integrate the bloc was essential to the stability of the practices and actions that took place in the three decades of Mercosur, in the area of regulations and technical standards.

Shale gas is as an emerging industry and its development is highly concerned in China. Under the guidance and support of national industrial policies, shale gas industry develops rapidly and has already stepped into the stage of large-scale exploitation of shale gas buried less than 3500 m deep underground. In order to standardize the healthy and rapid development of shale gas industry, ensure available standards for the national supervision on shale gas exploration and development and quickly copy the technologies in the efficient exploration and development of shale gas, it is necessary to formulate the technical standards and technical standard system of the whole shale gas industry chain. In this paper, the current situations of shale gas exploration and development technologies in China were analyzed. Then the role and significance of the formulation of shale gas technical standards in promoting the progress of shale gas technologies were described in detail. Finally, the development direction of shale gas exploration technology and standard formulation was predicted. And the following research results were obtained. First, China has established the exploration and development theories and technical systems that are in line with national conditions, and 27 distinguished technologies of 6 technical series have been developed, including comprehensive geological evaluation of shale gas, development optimization, optimized and fast drilling of horizontal wells, stimulated reservoir volume of horizontal wells, factory-like operation, and distinguished, efficient and clean exploitation. Second, 173 distinguished shale gas standards have been formulated, and they provide a powerful support for the quality and fast development of China's shale gas industry. The annual output of shale gas in 2019 is 143.6 × 108 m3. In conclusion, the construction of shale gas technical standard system promotes the continuous improvement of shale gas exploration and development technologies, impels the significant upgrading of technical level and ensures the all-around HSE control.

Trauma is a prominent social problem in the world. 5.8 million people die from trauma each year, accounting for 7% of the global mortality rate. In our country, the total number of deaths from all kinds of trauma has reached 700,000 each year, which is the fourth cause of death in the population and has been included in the National Disease Control Plan, and the death rate from trauma continues to rise. Therefore, how to improve the level of treatment of trauma is a huge challenge for all countries in the world. After nearly 40 years of efforts, China's trauma rescue system has made great progress, but there are still problems such as the lack of a regional trauma system design and the lack of technical standards for trauma treatment, especially in the face of the new global epidemic and frequent natural disasters since 2019, and the corresponding lack of technical standards in the context of disaster response also brings the enormous difficulty for the traumatic patient's treatment. In order to improve the overall level of emergency treatment of trauma, this paper summarized the experience of trauma treatment mode in our hospital and discussed the current situation of trauma treatment technology standard in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart cities employ technology and data to increase efficiencies, economic development, sustainability, and life quality for citizens in urban areas. Inevitably, clean technologies promote smart cities development including for energy, transportation and health. The smart city concept is ambitious and is being refined with standards. Standards are used to help with regulating how smart cities function and contributing to define a smart city. Smart cities must be officially recognized by national and international authorities and organizations in order to promote societal advancement. There are many research and review articles on smart cities. However, technical standards are seldom discussed in the current literature. This review firstly presents the study of smart city definitions and domain. The well-known smart city standards will be presented to better recognize the smart city concept. Well-defined standards allow meaningful comparisons among smart cities implementation. How smart city initiatives make a city smarter and improve the quality of life will be discussed for various countries. This review highlights that technical standards are important for smart cities implementation. This paper serves as a guide to the most recent developments of smart cities standards.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a form of muscular dystrophy causing progressive muscle loss and weakness. Although clinical features can manifest at any age, it is the most common form of muscular dystrophy with onset in adulthood. DM1 is an autosomal dominant condition, resulting from an unstable CTG expansion in the 3'-untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The age of onset and the severity of the phenotype are roughly correlated with the size of the CTG expansion. Multiple methodologies can be used to diagnose affected individuals with DM1, including polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot, and triplet repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction. Recently, triplet repeat interruptions have been described, which may affect clinical outcomes of a fully-variable allele in DMPK. This document supersedes the Technical Standards and Guidelines for Myotonic Dystrophy originally published in 2009 and reaffirmed in 2015. It is designed for genetic testing professionals who are already familiar with the disease and the methods of analysis., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Honey V. Reddi, Benjamin E. Kang, and Lora J.H. Bean all serve as directors in clinical laboratories that perform a breadth of genetic and genomic analyses on a fee-for-service basis. Honey V. Reddi is a Consultant Director for Biofidelity Inc. Bryce A. Seifert is a salaried employee of Guidehouse, LLP. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In China, two administrative regulations and judicial interpretations related to forensic examinations of medical damage were issued from March 2017 to June 2018. In chronological order, they were interpretation of the supreme people's court on several questions concerning the application of law in the trial of disputes over liability for medical damage and regulations on the prevention and handling of medical disputes. Those two laws, especially the regulation, have had a fundamental impact on the pattern of forensic examinations on medical damage. This paper systematically reviews the current status and existing problems with forensic examinations on medical damage following implementation of the law of tort liability; it discusses new concepts of procedures, institutional arrangements, and the selection of examiners for forensic examinations on medical damage. We believe that through the regulation, the dualistic confrontation status of forensic examinations on medical damage will gradually change toward integration. We consider that forensic examinations of medical damage will face three challenges in the future: (1) enhancing the establishment of standards; (2) undertaking theoretical research into forensic examinations on medical damage; and (3) promoting the development of interdisciplinary identification specialists majoring in both medicine and law. Only in this way will it be possible to rectify the current dilemma with forensic examinations on medical damage in China.

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The identification of hydric soils is important for wetland delineation and protection. South Africa currently uses the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) wetland delineation guidelines which can be subjective in certain contexts. A robust technical standard that can be legally conclusive is therefore required and should be developed for South African conditions. The National Technical Committee of Hydric Soils (NTCHS, 2007) in the United States of America has accepted the Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) tube methodology as a technical standard, but this had not yet been tested in South Africa. It is proposed that the NTCHS (2007) be adapted for use in South Africa. These Fe-coated tubes are installed into the soil and if reducing conditions are present, the Fe coating is removed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of IRIS tubes as a technical standard for wetland delineation in South Africa. The study took place in three different wetland systems (Malahlapanga, Nshawu and the Tshuthsi spruit) in the Kruger National Park. Piezometers were installed in triplicate in each zone, and the water table, pH and Eh were recorded monthly. Soils were classified, soil wetness indicators identified, and vegetation described. The study took place from September 2012 to August 2013. The areal percentage of paint removed from the top 300 mm of the IRIS tubes was quantified by scanning the tubes and then compared to the DWAF wetland indicators. It was found that the DWAF indicators and the IRIS tube method were mostly in agreement; however, the conditions at the Tshutshi spruit were not favourable for Fe reduction, and hence the use of IRIS tubes, due to the high pH values recorded. The IRIS tubes were therefore a useful tool for wetland delineation in the majority of conditions, but are not recommended in high pH, sodic environments. Further research is recommended over a wider geographical area as well as testing the MIRIS methodology (Manganese Indicators of Reduction in Soils) in wetlands that would inhibit Fe reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research of Environmental Sciences is the property of Research of Environmental Sciences Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With a successful field application of polyethylene (PE) pipes in the Sanmen and Daya Bay nuclear power plants, PE pipes have been taken as the first choice for the cooling water systems in a large number of construction or renovation projects for new nuclear power plant. There is extremely urgent requirement for the development of technical standards for PE pipes in nuclear power plants. This paper introduced the history and application status of PE pipes in nuclear power plants. The design method and scope of ASME Class 3 PE pipes standards were compared with those of the relevant PE pipes without a nuclear safety standard including the gaseous fuels PE pipes and water supply PE pipes. The differences and gaps between Chinese current PE pipe technology standards and ASME Class 3 PE pipe technology standards were discussed. This paper provides a reference for the design, manufacture and standard development of PE pipes in nuclear power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Partial Factor Method (PFM) based on the Level 1 reliability design method was introduced in 2007 to the Technical Standards for Port and Harbour Facilities (TSPHF-2007) in Japan. After nearly 10 years of practical use of TSPHF-2007, the design standard has been revised based on requests from the practitioners who recommend the transition from the PFM to the Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). In this paper, we discuss the setting method of the target failure probability to determine the partial factors based on code calibration. Furthermore, we examine the impacts of implementing the LRFD concept to the TSPHF by taking the sliding and overturning of a gravity type quay wall as an example to represent port and harbour facilities. We found no practical difference in caisson width derived using the LRFD and the PFM, whereas the degree of matching of the target failure probability was somewhat more precise for the PFM. This finding indicates that the LRFD is a more reasonable design method than the PFM in terms of the simplicity of the performance function itself and the ease of engineering interpretation during the design procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Surgery for rectal cancer is challenging for both technical and anatomical reasons. The European Academy of Robotic Colorectal Surgery (EARCS) provides a competency‐based training programme through a standardized approach. However, there is no consensus on technical standards for robotic surgery when used during surgery for rectal cancer. The aim of this consensus study was to establish operative standards for anterior resection incorporating total mesorectal excision (TME) using robotic techniques, based on recommendations of expert European colorectal surgeons. Method: A Delphi questionnaire with a 72‐item statement was sent through an electronic survey tool to 24 EARCS faculty members from 10 different countries who were selected based on expertise in robotic colorectal surgery. The task was divided into theatre setup, colonic mobilization and rectal dissection, and each task area was further divided into several subtasks. The levels of agreement (A* > 95% agreement, A > 90%, B > 80% and C > 70%) were considered adequate while agreement of < 70% was considered inadequate. Once consensus was reached, a draft document was compiled and sent out for final approval. Results: The average length of experience of robotic colorectal surgery for participants in this study was 6 years. Initial agreement was 87%; in nine items, it was < 70%. After suggested modifications, the average level of agreement for all items reached 94% in the second round (range 0.75–1). Conclusion: This is the first European consensus on the standardization of robotic TME. It provides a baseline for technical standards and structured training in robotic rectal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical standard is an important factor in the national economy, and its importance is gaining more attention due to the emergence of the convergence industry. This is an essential element for implementing fusion technology because it ensures interoperability. Since standardization activities are essential for the growth of domestic SMEs, this study aims to diagnose the status of standardization activities of SMEs and to suggest policy directions accordingly. And we sought to clarify the status of the standardization activities of domestic SMEs and to draw some implications for the domestic promotion plan by examining the major promotion policies for overseas standardization successfully. As a result, it was found that the investment cost for the standard activities is burdensome, the professional manpower is needed, and the participation of SMEs is low due to the complexity of the standard technology. In addition, standardization activities have weaknesses in terms of technology protection, and SMEs tend to avoid technology disclosure. Therefore, in order to solve the difficulties of standardization of companies, it is necessary to establish cooperation system of supporting organizations. In order to promote standardization activities, it is necessary to establish legal basis necessary for technology protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues of technical development and regulation of security issues in the current international environment is now as important as ever for Russia. The problem of transport safety and standardization need a consistent interpretation for the purposes of industrial development and other methods of state regulation of Russia and their development. In this paper we propose the tools to establish compliance with technical and transport policy (research and technical) international standards without negative impact on the economy and security of our country.

China Standardization Committee of Shale Gas is a technology organization in shale gas standardization,which mainly engaged in the establishment of technical standard system and standardization work in the study of general and basic shale standards and so on. In this paper,the basis,objective,principle, professional division of established technical standard system, planning standards and the status of the development of shale gas technology standards are reported.According to the national energy administration shale gas technical standard system, the national energy administration has released 10 standards, China Standardization Committee of Shale Gas has completed 18 technical standards of shale gas, and is organizing the formulation of 17 shale gas technical standards. these standards were formulated and implemented will effectively support the rapid development of China's shale gas industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)