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Considering the growth potential of ultra wide band (UWB), the government revised the technical requirements in November 2022 to enable services to use the technology through mobile communication devices such as smartphones. This study estimates the economic impact of an unlicensed spectrum management policy by analyzing cases of technical requirement revisions. Through inter-industry analysis, the revision of technical requirements is expected to induce a production effect of KRW 7.1787 trillion and an added-value effect of KRW 2.2151 trillion over the next 10 years. As an unlicensed spectrum is expected to be utilized in various industrial fields, regulators are implementing active management policies. However, analyses of the contribution of these policies to the national economy are lacking. This study not only addresses this academic gap but also provides foundational data for market-based spectrum management policies based on economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim. This research work aims to identify the characteristic features of the development and implementation of quality standards for patient monitoring and safety services in medical institutions, in order to improve quality based on the developed digital model, and describe the requirements for the implementation of quality control according to ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 15189:2022 Standards. Methods. The work uses a digital model of the Traumatology Center, built using the AnyLogic programming environment. This model is designed to identify and analyze effective solutions for implementation, such as patient registration processes, staffing, scheduling of specialized departments, identification of clinical characteristics and early symptoms of diseases to prevent complications during the incubation period. Results. It was discovered that modern wireless technologies and data analytics can be used to develop a remote health monitoring system, enabling early detection of chronic diseases to prevent complications. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a sequence for the implementation of documentation on standardization and quality of service in medical institutions to prevent harm to patients, and improve their safety with the help of a complex of measuring devices and technologies. of the information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highest level of the present-day geomagnetic recordings is presented by the absolute controlled magnetic measurements. This quality is permanently fulfilled in geomagnetic observatories (GO) only. The absolute records are based on nuclear magnetometers for the intensity measurement and on DIM (Declination and Inclination Magnetometer) instruments for the direction determination of the ambient magnetic field. Although the density of GOs is not dense enough for every scientific purpose (i.e., modelling the secular variation in detail), repeat station (RS) networks were founded in a lot of countries on the Earth. Regarding to the main task of RS measurements, almost the same requirements must be fulfilled during the fieldwork as in the GOs. Consequently, the environmental and instrumental expectations are pre-defined as well as the procedure of measurement which are generally absolute readings. After the reduction of the absolute measurements to the simultaneous record of the nearest GO is performed, the data can be represented to a relevant yearly mean value.The present article shortly summarises the environmental and the instrumental background of geomagnetic absolute measurements on reoccupations of two different RS in Croatia. In 2010 tree-days-long reoccupations were performed on the selected stations with applying an on-site magnetic variometer.One of the results of data processing pointed out the appearance of a geomagnetic sea-side effect on both of RSs. The phenomenon is the geomagnetic influence of the induced current system in the seawater near to the shore. The anomalous lateral currents are the consequence of the high conductivity contrast between the mainland and the (moving) salinity water and the induction effect of the fluctuating external geomagnetic field.The calculation steps of the geomagnetic elements will be also detailed regarding the recorded samples of a presented dataset as well as the diagnostic values (i.e., offset value and misalignment error of fluxgate probe).

The current research is practical in terms of purpose. In present study used a qualitative approach to examine and analyze the status of the Information Systems of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI). Documentary analysis, Tem analysis, and Fuzzy Delphi techniques were used to collect data. The research community includes the Information systems of the NLAI and experts in the field of information technology. The Information Systems consisted of Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA), National libraries network, National document center network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database, Iranian Scientific Publications System. Also, 21 people (10 people to interview and 11 people to Delphi techniques) was selected experts in the fields of information systems, digital libraries, copyright and technology. For data analysis, coding and categorization of concepts were used in the form of open coding for documentary analysis and Tem analysis. Qualitative data analysis was done manually and using the MAXQDA 2020 software. Also, descriptive survey was used to analyze the indicators in fuzzy Delphi method and calculations were done using Excel. Tableau 2018 software was used to display and draw indicators better.Therefore, using Tem analysis method, 70 indicators of preventive technical requirements were identified, and then these indicators were given to 11 experts, and after two rounds of the fuzzy Delphi panel, 69 indicators identify. These indicators included 12 components was carried out. Finally, indicators “Adobe Reader and other tools” was removed from the checklist. The use of different methods to collect technical indicators and the use of triangulation method gives credibility to the research. Network Security; standards and frameworks; Authentication; digital reading tools; digital preservation; payment systems; rights metadata; access control; copy control; License; Digital repository and transfer have formed 12 components of preventive technical requirements. Also, the findings of the research showed that digital and bibliographic systems were at a weak level in terms of taking advantage of preventive technical requirements for copyright. This study offered technical framework. Also, the use of technical requirements such as: look inside, the copyright of policy, rights metadata, development and updating of systems and communication and interaction with the software support company, METS standard and use of digital repository offered in the studied information systems.

Hydrogen storage cylinder is an important component in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen (HPGH 2) storage system, and plays a key role in hydrogen-powered transportation including land vehicles, ships and aircrafts. Over the past decade, the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) has rapidly increased worldwide. In order to promote the application of hydrogen storage cylinder, guide its design, manufacture, inspection and testing, a series of regulations, codes and standards have been issued. The Chinese national standard, GB/T 42612, for type IV hydrogen storage cylinders has also been issued. This paper first gives a brief overview to these regulations, codes and standards. Furthermore, the specifications including scope, category, filling cycles, service life, materials, design, manufacture, qualification tests and periodic inspections are analyzed and compared. Issues about evaluation method for hydrogen compatibility of non-metallic materials, welded joints of plastic liner, joint between boss and liner are also discussed. Notably, the performance requirements in GB/T 42612 are generally in accordance with the international ones, but the requirements of materials, design and manufacture are more detailed. • The regulations, codes and standards for on-board high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders are compared. • An in-depth analysis of scope, category, filling cycles, service life, materials, design, manufacture, etc. is provided. • The requirements for materials, design and manufacture in GB/T 42612 are more detailed than the others. • NDT methods for welded joints of plastic liner and joints between plastic liner and metal boss need to be developed. • Effective periodic inspection methods other than visual inspection need to be further researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread availability of mobile devices offers enormous opportunities for first responders to have instant access to sources of information, and collaborate with one another when responding to an emergency. Although various knowledge management systems have been developed in different domains, no mobile knowledge management application so far has been developed in the area of emergency or crisis management. This study addresses various technical requirements for a mobile knowledge management application specifically designed for first responders to an emergency or crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current research is to identify technical requirements for protection of information resources in the information systems (ISs) of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) and evaluate them. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose. In present study a qualitative approach is used to examine and analyze the status of the ISs of the NLAI. Documentary analysis, Tem analysis, and Fuzzy Delphi techniques were used to collect data. The research community includes the ISs of the NLAI and experts in the field of information technology. The ISs consisted of Digital Library system, Iranian Newspaper System (SANA), National Libraries Network, National Document Center Network, Iran Publications database, Manuscript database, Iranian Scientific Publications System. Also, 21 people (10 people to interview and 11 people to participate in Delphi techniques) were selected experts in the fields of Iss, digital libraries, copyright and technology. For data analysis, coding and categorization of concepts were used of open coding for documentary analysis and Tem analysis. Qualitative data analysis was done manually using MAXQDA 2020 software. Also, descriptive survey was used to analyze the indicators in fuzzy Delphi method and calculations were done using Excel. Tableau 2018 software was used to display and draw indicators better. Therefore, using Tem analysis method, 70 indicators of preventive technical requirements were identified, and then these indicators were given to 11 experts, and after two rounds of fuzzy Delphi panel, 69 indicators identified. These indicators including 12 components were carried out. Finally, indicators “Adobe Reader and other tools” was removed from the checklist. The use of different methods to collect technical indicators and the use of triangulation method gives credibility to the research. Network Security, standards and frameworks, Authentication, digital reading tools, digital preservation, payment systems; rights metadata, access control, copy control, License, Digital repository and transfer have formed 12 components of preventive technical requirements. Also, the findings of the research showed that digital and bibliographic systems were at a weak level in terms of taking advantage of preventive technical requirements for copyright. This study offered technical framework. The use of technical requirements such as lookInside, the copyright of policy, rights metadata, development and updating of systems and communication and interaction with the software support company, METS standard and use of digital repository offered in the studied ISs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lean management is a suitable methodology for companies that want to improve their productive performance and competitiveness. This study aims to research levels of implementation and internalisation of Lean production tools in Spanish manufacturing companies, and explores differences in behaviour between SMEs and large companies based on data gathered over three time periods. The correlation between Lean adoption and company performance is also analysed. Design/methodology/approach: Company survey data for the years 2012, 2015 and 2018 collected from 354 respondents were used to conduct a longitudinal study on the level of lean tool adoption and internalisation in manufacturing companies. Findings: Over the years, the use of Lean tools has increased, whereas levels of internalisation have remained stable. Lean tool use in SMEs and large companies show significant differences in 2012 and 2015, but this is no longer the case 2018. Results also show that higher Lean tool use helps increase return on sales (ROS), and higher levels of internalisation of tools helps reduce the number of products rejected. Originality/value: To date, there are no known studies on the use and internalisation of Lean tools or their correlations with business performance indicators in Spanish manufacturing companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Simulation-based Mobile Education is one of the necessities of the new era as well as an escalating field to meet the needs of different educational systems and levels. Considering the increasing application of simulation-based technologies, and the popularity of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of education, the present research aims to facilitate the initial steps in understanding the technical requirements and software used in developing these types of apps. Materials and Methods: The data required for this research was collected by searching in library resources to identify the commonly used platform/software in designing and developing AR-based educational apps. At the same time, the included studies’ app features/sections were also extracted, and the total of this information was presented in a table. After indicating the mainly used software in the development of these types of apps, a simple app architecture and a how-to-develop model using the most practical software were illustrated. Results: “3D Model display” and “multiple-choice questions” were identified as the minimum (basic) features of an AR-based educational app. To identify the most commonly used software in creating AR-based educational apps, articles were reviewed, required information was extracted, and gathered in form of a table. The results of the review showed that Unity 3D and Vuforia have the highest usage statistics in creating these types of apps. Finally, a simple model of the process of developing AR-based educational app and a sample output of this type of app were presented based on this information. Conclusions: Simulation-based education is one of the prominent and growing topics worldwide. Augmented Reality is one of the most renowned and widely used technologies in this field. The results of this study encompass a set of basic features of an AR-based educational app as well as the software that can be used to create such apps. Therefore, this study can assist researchers interested in this field in navigating the simplest path to developing an AR-based educational app by providing them with an initial technical understanding of AR-based education.

ObjectiveTo verify the main quality indexes of coenzyme Q10， and study the quality consistency of coenzyme Q10 produced by different processes.MethodsAccording to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 version） and national food safety standards， the main quality indexes such as coenzyme Q10 components， moisture， related substances， isomers， contaminant residues and microbial indexes of 40 batches of raw materials were detected.ResultsThe content of coenzyme Q10 in all collected materials was above 99.2%； the maximum single impurity ranged from 0.27% to 0.37%； the total impurity ranged from 0.45% to 0.85%. The total number of colonies in all samples was less than 10 CFU/g， Escherichia coli， Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were not detected， and the total number of yeasts and molds were less than 10 CFU/g. The results of moisture and contaminant residues all met the requirements.ConclusionAll coenzyme Q10 collected as health food raw materials met the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 version） and GB 16740-2014 National Food Safety Standard Health Food.

Background and Aim: Simulation-based Mobile Education is one of the necessities of the new era as well as an escalating field to meet the needs of different educational systems and levels. Considering the increasing application of simulation-based technologies, and the popularity of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of education, the present research aims to facilitate the initial steps in understanding the technical requirements and software used in developing these types of apps. Materials and Methods: The data required for this research was collected by searching in library resources to identify the commonly used platform/software in designing and developing AR based educational apps. At the same time, the included studies’ app features/sections were also extracted, and the total of this information was presented in a table. After indicating the mainly used software in the development of these types of apps, a simple app architecture and a how-to-develop model using the most practical software were illustrated. Results: “3D Model display” and “multiple-choice questions” were identified as the minimum (basic) features of an AR-based educational app. To identify the most commonly used software in creating AR-based educational apps, articles were reviewed, required information was extracted, and gathered in form of a table. The results of the review showed that Unity 3D and Vuforia have the highest usage statistics in creating these types of apps. Finally, a simple model of the process of developing AR-based educational app and a sample output of this type of app were presented based on this information. Conclusions: Simulation-based education is one of the prominent and growing topics worldwide. Augmented Reality is one of the most renowned and widely used technologies in this field. The results of this study encompass a set of basic features of an AR-based educational app as well as the software that can be used to create such apps. Therefore, this study can assist researchers interested in this field in navigating the simplest path to developing an AR-based educational app by providing them with an initial technical understanding of AR-based education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, standards of high-biocontainment facilities (including laboratories and large-scale production facilities) formulated by China and other countries were analyzed and compared, and the technical points and requirements for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in different series of standards were discussed. The main focus was on expounding the design and verification of the containment area’s indoor parameters, ventilation system, filter design, integrity test, fan standby, airflow pattern, and system reliability. This study expects suggestions and opinions on the construction and development of biosafety facilities in China and the possible future revision of relevant national standards.

Currently, there are various methods of testing vehicles and its components used by different car manufacturing companies. Also, these methods are given in the UNECE regulatory documents in the field of transport, but these documents do not take into account the separate operating conditions of cars in different regions. In this regard, the paper presents the road and climatic conditions of Central Asia characterized by peculiar characteristics. Based on the climatic features of the operation in a hot region, technical requirements have been developed for electromechanical sensors of cars for operation in hot climatic conditions, which should ensure the reliability of these components when the car runs at least 250,000 km. The method of testing electromechanical sensors of cars has been presented. It is established that in order to ensure the normal operability of sensors operating in hot climates, it is necessary to conduct tests at a nominal ambient temperature 45 ± 5 °C. The test procedure is built based on this parameter. All developed test methods are consistent with current standards in the field of electromagnetic, electromechanical and other electrical parameters of the automotive industry. Schematic diagrams of stands for testing have been given. The paper reflects the methodology of accelerated reliability tests, in which the temperature is set as the accelerating factor. The tests fully reflect the operational characteristics of the movement of cars in a sharply continental climate with a hot slope of ambient temperature with sharp temperature changes. After each test, it is determined that the nominal parameters of the sensors are checked for compliance with the established requirements. Conclusions reflecting the results of the work carried out have been made.

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The availability of non-reimbursable funds for water supply networks has made the public procurement of construction work in this sector of particular interest in terms of performance. The purpose of this research is to identify key issues and patterns emerging from the engagement between Romanian contracting entities awarding such construction contracts and economic operators. The engagement is materialized through rounds of clarification requests during the offer preparation stage. Following the analysis of the specialized literature, it was found that the subject was not addressed in many scientific publications. The research undertaken was an empirical analysis of selected tenders. The research methodology focuses on the qualitative analysis of publicly available questions and responses, complemented by the analysis of numerical data relating to the same tenders. From the study, it results that a high percentage of all questions analyzed target the technical requirements of the contract notice documents. In some instances, the same questions are found in multiple tenders. Tender evaluation periods are lengthy. The tenders are published with a similar strategic profile (e.g., open tendering, no division into lots) and participation is dominated by bidder associations of multiple economic operators. This study concludes that the quality of the technical requirements does not support the type of strategic profile employed by the contracting entities. The rigidity of written communication makes it unsuitable to mitigate the negative effects of a flawed approach in developing technical requirements for high value, high complexity projects directly connected with Romania's public water supply challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modularity is often employed to increase the flexibility and adaptability of a system. A well-known issue during the design of modular systems is the emergence of ripple effects propagating throughout the system when one module is changed, which is dependent on other modules within the system. While several techniques or approaches have been proposed to mitigate these effects, they often neglect the integration and interconnection of cross-cutting concerns (i.e., functionalities that are required across different parts of the main functional dimension) within the system. This article argues that the proper integration of cross-cutting concerns is important in order to avoid ripple effects and preserve the adaptability of a modular system. Based on a set of possible integration architectures that offer different alternatives to integrate cross-cutting concerns within a modular structure, we introduce the integration design matrix (IDM) as an instrument to systematically analyze the cross-cutting concern provisioning within specific modular artifacts. A set of design guidelines is proposed to optimize the integration of the cross-cutting concerns, applicable within the context of the IDM. We illustrate our approach by means of examples in several domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality function deployment (QFD) has been a popular product or service development method to convert customer needs (CNs) into technical requirements (TRs). Nevertheless, the traditional QFD has vagueness inherent in experts’ opinions in determining CNs’ weights and the relationship between CNs and TRs. In the previous research works, fuzzy set theory is popular to deal with imprecise information in QFD. However, it still suffers from several deficiencies. For example, it needs prior information that leads to relatively fixed intervals expressing vagueness; and it assumes the membership degrees are crisp. To solve the issues, this article develops an integrated QFD method, where rough sets and cloud model are utilized for treating uncertain information. The former expresses impreciseness without any other assumptions and the latter considers expert evaluations’ randomness. In order to obtain more comprehensive importance of CNs, a combination weighting method is utilized. In the end, a compressor rotor's industrial service design is conducted utilizing the proposed method, where its effectiveness is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The online workshop on IVD regulation was performed to broaden the understanding of the technical documentation needed for IVD licensing and the strategies to asses it. Background: Testing of blood donors and donations significantly reduces the risk of transmitting transfusion‐transmissible infections. Many test systems are commercially available, but not all meet the recommended sensitivity and specificity standards. Many African countries either lack functional structures for the regulation of IVDs this poses a threat to the quality of the blood supply. Materialsand Methods: The Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut BloodTrain organised an online workshop in September 2021 to introduce staff from several National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) in Africa to the regulation of IVD and the technical information that need to be provided by the manufacturers of blood screening IVD. Their evaluation was trained in practical exercises. Results: This online workshop brought together over hundred participants from NRAs of 12 African countries. Speakers from PEI, Blood Train, WHO and academia, with experience in IVD regulation trained participants in the various topics addressed during this workshop. Conclusions: This workshop presented a great starting point for most participating NRAs to set up and/or strengthen their regulatory structures for IVDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a relatively short period of time, we have seen five distinct generations of cellular technology roll out, with each delivering enhancements in terms of quality of service (QoS) while at the same time enabling new features and services, as highlighted in. Every successive generation of wireless standards has introduced advances in data-carrying capacity and reliable low latency as well as different use cases. At first glance, we may expect that the evolution is driven by the insatiable and ever-increasing demand for capacity, where a year-on-year growth of global mobile network data traffic is in excess of 40%. The traffic growth is primarily driven by both the rising number of smartphones and subscriptions and an increasing average data volume per subscription. However, as we start to look deeper, we see a much more intricate set of requirements and complexities that intertwine: the applications, technical requirements, and radio technology developments. The evolution could not have happened were it not enabled by a parallel evolution in cellular base station technology to support more spectrum, better spectral efficiency, and network densification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transportation Science & Technolgy is the property of Transportation Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the use of personal data from different contexts is essential to curbing the spread of COVID-19 in epidemic-handling systems (EHSs), it increases the chances of privacy breaches and personal data misuse. This article analyses the data lifecycle and proposes various technical requirements for privacy preservation in EHSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the number of grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVS) has expanded substantially. The increase in GCPVS integration may lead to operational issues for the grid. Thus, modern GCPVS control mechanisms should be used to improve grid efficiency, reliability, and stability. In terms of frequency stability, conventional generating units usually have a governor control that regulates the primary load frequency in cases of imbalance situations. This control should be activated immediately to avoid a significant frequency variation. Recently, renewable distribution generators such as PV power plants (PVPPs) are steadily replacing conventional generators. However, these generators do not contribute to system inertia or frequency stability. This paper proposes a control strategy for a GCPVS with active power control (APC) to support the grid and frequency stability. The APC enables the PVPP to withstand grid disturbances and maintain frequency within a normal range. As a result, PVPP is forced to behave similar to traditional power plants to achieve frequency steadiness stability. Frequency stability can be achieved by reducing the active power output fed into the grid as the frequency increases. Additionally, to maintain power balance on both sides of the inverter, the PV system will produce the maximum amount of active power achievable based on the frequency deviation and the grid inverter's rating by working in two modes: normal and APC (disturbance). In this study, a large-scale PVPP linked to the utility grid at the MV level was modeled in MATLAB/Simulink with a nominal rated peak output of 2000 kW. Analyses of the suggested PVPP's dynamic response under various frequency disturbances were performed. In this context, the developed control reduced active power by 4%, 24%, and 44% when the frequency climbed to 50.3 Hz, 50.8 Hz, and 51.3 Hz, respectively, and so stabilized the frequency in the normal range, according to grid-code requirements. However, if the frequency exceeds 51.5 Hz or falls below 47.5 Hz, the PVPP disconnects from the grid for safety reasons. Additionally, the APC forced the PVPP to feed the grid with its full capacity generated (2000 kW) at normal frequency. In sum, the large-scale PVPP is connected to the electrical grid provided with APC capability has been built. The system's capability to safely ride through frequency deviations during grid disturbances and resume initial conditions was achieved and improved. The simulation results show that the given APC is effective, dependable, and suitable for deployment in GCPVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks promises to meet the stringent requirements of vehicular use cases that cannot be supported by previous technologies. However, the stakeholders of the automotive industry (e.g., car manufacturers and road operators) are still skeptical about the capability of the telecom industry to take the lead in a market that has been dominated by dedicated intelligent transport systems (ITS) deployments. In this context, this paper constructs a framework where the potential of 5G to support different vehicular use cases is thoroughly examined under a common format from both the technical and business perspectives. From the technical standpoint, a storyboard description is developed to explain when and how different use case scenarios may come into play (i.e., pre-conditions, service flows and post-conditions). Then, a methodology to trial each scenario is developed including a functional architecture, an analysis of the technical requirements and a set of target test cases. From the business viewpoint, an initial analysis of the qualitative value perspectives is conducted considering the stakeholders, identifying the pain points of the existing solutions, and highlighting the added value of 5G in overcoming them. The future evolution of the considered use cases is finally discussed.

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Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Implementing the health information system (HIS) is more complex and costly than implementing other information systems. The present study was conducted to design and evaluate technical requirements for the HIS. Methods The present study was conducted in 2016 by determining technical requirements for the HIS using the Delphi technique and then evaluating this system using a checklist based on the approved requirements. Results The first part of the study designed a 73-item final list of technical requirements for the HIS in four domains, i.e. communication service, system architecture, security service and system response time. The evaluation results obtained in the second part showed that communication service was met in 63.8% of the HIS programs, system architecture in 65.5%, security service in 72.4% and system response time in 76.3%. Conclusions A technical evaluation tool was designed and used to select and evaluate the HIS. The evaluation results suggested the study HIS was poorer in terms of communication service and system architecture than in the other two dimensions.

Requirements represent the first opportunity for mistakes in an engineering effort and their effects are felt downstream in the form of increased costs and schedule overruns. Many of the innovations and revolutions to systems engineering have omitted changing requirements and instead assume them as intrinsic components to the process. Perhaps this is due to a lack of understanding in the purpose and history of requirement statements. This article establishes a theoretical basis for requirements based on primary source research that describes their use to solve problems and maintain accountability. That theoretical basis is applied to construct a historical basis for requirement statements that shows there has been very little change to the use or formatting in almost 200 years. This lack of innovation is confirmed in an analysis of a series of definitions from a leading systems engineering guideline. By establishing a theoretical and historical basis for requirement statements, this research sets a foundation for future innovations, such as the use of other media beyond the natural language text-based requirements of today, to enable more efficient development of more effective systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the number of grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVS) has expanded substantially. The increase in GCPVS integration may lead to operational issues for the grid. Thus, modern GCPVS control mechanisms should be used to improve grid efficiency, reliability, and stability. In terms of frequency stability, conventional generating units usually have a governor control that regulates the primary load frequency in cases of imbalance situations. This control should be activated immediately to avoid a significant frequency variation. Recently, renewable distribution generators such as PV power plants (PVPPs) are steadily replacing conventional generators. However, these generators do not contribute to system inertia or frequency stability. This paper proposes a control strategy for a GCPVS with active power control (APC) to support the grid and frequency stability. The APC enables the PVPP to withstand grid disturbances and maintain frequency within a normal range. As a result, PVPP is forced to behave similar to traditional power plants to achieve frequency steadiness stability. Frequency stability can be achieved by reducing the active power output fed into the grid as the frequency increases. Additionally, to maintain power balance on both sides of the inverter, the PV system will produce the maximum amount of active power achievable based on the frequency deviation and the grid inverter’s rating by working in two modes: normal and APC (disturbance). In this study, a large-scale PVPP linked to the utility grid at the MV level was modeled in MATLAB/Simulink with a nominal rated peak output of 2000 kW. Analyses of the suggested PVPP’s dynamic response under various frequency disturbances were performed. In this context, the developed control reduced active power by 4%, 24%, and 44% when the frequency climbed to 50.3 Hz, 50.8 Hz, and 51.3 Hz, respectively, and so stabilized the frequency in the normal range, according to grid-code requirements. However, if the frequency exceeds 51.5 Hz or falls below 47.5 Hz, the PVPP disconnects from the grid for safety reasons. Additionally, the APC forced the PVPP to feed the grid with its full capacity generated (2000 kW) at normal frequency. In sum, the large-scale PVPP is connected to the electrical grid provided with APC capability has been built. The system’s capability to safely ride through frequency deviations during grid disturbances and resume initial conditions was achieved and improved. The simulation results show that the given APC is effective, dependable, and suitable for deployment in GCPVS.

In the last few years, LIBS has become an established technique for the assessment of elemental concentrations in various sample types. However, for many applications knowledge about the overall elemental composition is not sufficient. In addition, detailed information about the elemental distribution within a heterogeneous sample is needed. LIBS has become of great interest in elemental imaging studies, since this technique allows to associate the obtained elemental composition information with the spatial coordinates of the investigated sample. The possibility of simultaneous multi-elemental analysis of major, minor, and trace constituents in almost all types of solid materials with no or negligible sample preparation combined with a high speed of analysis are benefits which make LIBS especially attractive when compared to other elemental imaging techniques. The first part of this review is aimed at providing information about the instrumental requirements necessary for successful LIBS imaging measurements and points out and discusses state-of-the-art LIBS instrumentation and upcoming developments. The second part is dedicated to data processing and evaluation of LIBS imaging data. This chapter is focused on different approaches of multivariate data evaluation and chemometrics which can be used e.g. for classification but also for the quantification of obtained LIBS imaging data. In the final part, current literature of different LIBS imaging applications ranging from bioimaging, geoscientific and cultural heritage studies to the field of materials science is summarized and reviewed. Image 1 • Elemental imaging using LIBS. • LIBS instrumentation - technical requirements for imaging applications. • Strategies for advanced data processing. • Selected applications in life sciences, geoscientific studies, cultural heritage studies and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the result of the application of the technical requirements for voice performance on 6 selected voice major students of the Department of Music, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, having noted the problem of poor professional performance by voice performance students. This was done in order to find out how proper training on the technical requirements for voice performance can bring about positive output in the teaching and learning of Voice and voice performance. The participants were six randomly selected voice major students from the diploma one class of the Department of Music, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, who were exposed to the learning process for eight weeks. The diploma students were used for this study to ensure the avoidance of involving voice students that are already used to a particular teaching method for voice. Random selection of the students was also done to avoid bandwagon result from the exercise. Data for the work included secondary sources, participant journals, group and individual interviews. Findings suggest that a successful career in voice performance can be achieved when the technical considerations involved in singing are studied and carefully adhered to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical requirements and hygiene standards for the buildings and internal building installations of the medical establishments provided in various normative documents are considered. Fulfilment of these requirements would increase the readiness of medical institutions to isolate a (suspected) patient with an airborne infection (such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and/or COVID-19), in order to prevent the spread of infection among staff, other patients and visitors, especially those with reduced immunity or falling into another risk group vulnerable to various pathogens transmitted in the hospital environment. We mainly focus on the Ordinance No. RD-02-20-3 of the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works of 21/12/2015 for design, implementation and maintenance of public service buildings in the field of education and science, healthcare, culture and arts, as well as the Medical Standard on prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections, approved by the Ordinance No. 3 of 08/05/2013 of the Ministry of Health. Adjustment of isolation rooms or parts of buildings of medical institutions in the country to the cited requirements would increase their readiness for early response in epidemic situations related to airborne infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highest level of the present-day geomagnetic recordings is presented by the absolute controlled magnetic measurements. This quality is permanently fulfilled in geomagnetic observatories (GO) only. The absolute records are based on nuclear magnetometers for the intensity measurement and on DIM (Declination and Inclination Magnetometer) instruments for the direction determination of the ambient magnetic field. Although the density of GOs is not dense enough for every scientific purpose (i.e., modelling the secular variation in detail), repeat station (RS) networks were founded in a lot of countries on the Earth. Regarding to the main task of RS measurements, almost the same requirements must be fulfilled during the fieldwork as in the GOs. Consequently, the environmental and instrumental expectations are pre-defined as well as the procedure of measurement which are generally absolute readings. After the reduction of the absolute measurements to the simultaneous record of the nearest GO is performed, the data can be represented to a relevant yearly mean value. The present article shortly summarises the environmental and the instrumental background of geomagnetic absolute measurements on reoccupations of two different RS in Croatia. In 2010 tree-days-long reoccupations were performed on the selected stations with applying an on-site magnetic variometer. One of the results of data processing pointed out the appearance of a geomagnetic sea-side effect on both of RSs. The phenomenon is the geomagnetic influence of the induced current system in the seawater near to the shore. The anomalous lateral currents are the consequence of the high conductivity contrast between the mainland and the (moving) salinity water and the induction effect of the fluctuating external geomagnetic field. The calculation steps of the geomagnetic elements will be also detailed regarding the recorded samples of a presented dataset as well as the diagnostic values (i.e., offset value and misalignment error of fluxgate probe)., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

The article illustrates a theoretical research path and project experimentation on post-disaster temporary housing modules in order to verify if and how the temporary dimension of the intervention is strategic for the implementation of the transition towards reconstruction, and in line with requests for environmental sustainability. After a brief introduction on the critical issues and opportunities of temporary living in post-disaster reconstruction processes, the article describes the results of some theoretical and application research, and the effects on technical control tools in recent civil protection emergencies in Italy. In conclusion, the article proposes some useful considerations for the definition of strategic and sustainable planning connected to the temporal dimension of the post-disaster reconstruction interventions.

Technical requirements of geometry, construction and manufacturing methods of toothed gears of transmissions of electric motor cars are given. It is shown, that the drive type is defined not only by design requirements: the kinematic scheme of the drive, transmitted power, velocities of operation, fatigue life, reliability, etc., but also by technological requirements taking into account applied gear machinery. The special attention is paid to the reasonable choice of a brand of the sparingly alloyed steels and to requirements of their metallurgical quality in conditions of deliveries.

Social interest housing (VIS, in Spanish) and priority interest housing (VIP, in Spanish) programs have been promoted in Colombia to provide affordable housing to low-income households. Currently, in addition to the Colombian Seismic Resistant Construction Regulations, last updated in 2010 (NSR-2010), there are other mandatory construction regulation that have been issued after 2010, producing an additional cost per square-meter of constructed area and exceeding the maximum limits established for these types of residential projects. Adjust the project to the established limits result in area reduction of the areas and quality of construction finishes of the final product. In this research, historical statistics of the construction costs of VIS and VIP in Cali are reviewed, and the impact on the cost of these housing types with respect to the inclusion of new technical dispositions is evaluated. The results reveal that the established maximum values for these types of projects must be adjusted due to the fact that the new standards must be incorporated.

Water quality is subject to judgement by three components: the protection of public health, public acceptance and impact on the acceptability and durability of facilities. In modern times, extraction of water resources before they are restored with a lack of discipline and regulations for efficient management of pollutants and protection of water has accelerated the deterioration of water quality and has caused unwanted changes in water resources. However, the social demand regarding the issue of water quality has extended beyond being healthy and having effect on public to areas of social satisfaction and facility protection. In such circumstances, water sanitation units in water companies will not be able to meet the demand of the public on the issue of water quality with traditional structure inspired by health institutions which judges the quality of water on aspects of its effect on the public health, so it is necessary for them to replace "water hygiene" model with "water quality engineering" model, considering the favorable idealistic horizon and having an evolutionary view. In this model, water quality engineer presents the best and most accurate inferences with a complete knowledge of the scientific principles and with the requirements of adaptive management, from raw data, laboratory indicators of efficient management, extraction and taking into account economic orders, risk assessment and technical and social requirements. Giving his opinion in decisions related to designing treatment processes and structures, storage and transport of water and selection of materials, he realizes the idea of engineering water quality.

Introduction: The number of inpatient visiting the Bhayangkara Level III Hospital in Kendari City in 2016 was 2322 people, in 2017 there were 3611 people, in 2018 there were 3488 people and from January to November 2019 there were 4243 people. Methods: This research uses descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach. This research is a case study of the service quality of the Bhayangkara Level III Kendari Hospital. In this study, the sample was taken using simple random sampling technique, in which each element was selected randomly. Results: There are 25 customer requirements for services in the Inpatient Installation of Bhayangkara Hospital, Kendari City which can be categorized into 8 dimensions of service quality according to Brown with priority order based on the level of importance (Tke), namely: 1) Safety Dimensions (98.6%); 2) Dimensions of Interpersonal Relations (98.6%); 3) Dimensions of Continuity (97.1%); 4) Dimension of Effectiveness (97.1%); 5) Efficiency Dimension (97.1%); 6) Dimension of Convenience (97.1%); 7) Dimensions of Access to Services (92.9%) and 8) Dimensions of Officer Competence (92.9%). Conclusion: According to the results of this research it is found that nurses did not take special time to communicate with patients. The officers were warm to patients, doctors always heard complaints and stories of patients, pharmacy officers always prayed for patients to get well soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the bidding strategy and online control methodology of battery storage systems (BSS) to participate in the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market. The new technical requirements for the FCR markets in the Nordic power system does not allow controlling the BSS in other ways than on the basis of frequency. Therefore, control mechanisms such as recovering the state of charge (SOC) whenever the power system frequency is in its acceptable (dead-band) range cannot be used. In this regard, this paper proposes and compares different control mechanisms to recover the SOC that are in line with the new regulation and maximizes the BSS profit using the lifetime model of the BSS. In order to compare different control mechanisms, this paper investigates the behaviour of a large BSS unit installed in the Helsinki area by simulating the proposed strategies over measured frequency and market data from 2014 till 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]