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Using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we conducted an extensive search for the high-pressure stable structure of technetium diboride (TcB2) within the pressure range of 0–400 GPa. At zero pressure, the P63/mmc (hP6-TcB2) structure is considered the ground state configuration. As the pressure increases, a structural transition from hP6-TcB2 to P6/mmm (hP3-TcB2) occurs at approximately 174.9 GPa. We discuss the bonding between the two distinct phases and analyze the contribution of different atomic bonds to maintaining their structural stability. Meanwhile, the temperature–pressure phase diagram of TcB2 was successfully determined for the first time through the quasi-harmonic approximation method. It is predicted that the transition pressure from hP6-TcB2 to hP3-TcB2 can be reduced to about 164 GPa at a room temperature of 300 K. These results provide valuable insights into the behavior of TcB2 under different temperature and pressure conditions and open up new possibilities for exploring its potential applications in a variety of environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine potentially bidentate thiosemicarbazone (HLn) ligands and their tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes, [ReY(HLn)(CO)3] (Y=Cl, Br), were synthesized and their binding affinity towards the alpha and beta receptors were determined using a competitive standard radiometric assay with [3H]‐estradiol. Even in the absence of a base, coordinated thiosemicarbazones can undergo deprotonation causing the release of the coordinated halide forming dimeric species, [Re2(Ln)2(CO)6]. The observation of the formation of the dinuclear complex where the thiosemicarbazone ligand adopts the zwitterionic form, [Re2(HL9)2(CO)6]Br2, motivated the theoretical study of the relative stability of these species. Despite the ease of formation of the dimer complexes, it was possible to optimize a synthetic route to obtain the [2+1] complexes [Re(Ln)(pym)(CO)3] where pym is the monodentate ligand 4‐dimethylamino‐pyridine or 4‐hydroxy ‐pyridine. The inclusion of this additional ligand substantially improves the affinity against the receptors (in some cases against both). [99mTc(Ln)(pym)(CO)3] complexes were also prepared using [99mTc(H2O)(CO)3]+, an excess of HLn ligand and in the presence of pym. The radiochromatograms show the formation of the [2+1] complex but also the presence of species resulting from the substitution of pym by chloride and water. However, the ratio of intensities between the three signals remains constant with the variation of the relative concentration of the three monodentate ligands suggesting an equilibrium between the three complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very limited number of structurally known thionitrosyl complexes of technetium was increased by the synthesis of [TcII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)2] (3) and [TcII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)(OPPh3)] (4) and their reaction products with hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borates, {HB(pzR)3}−. Similar reactions were conducted with [TcI(NO)Cl2(PPh3)2(CH3CN)] and related rhenium thionitrosyls. Remarkably, most such reactions result in a rapid cleavage of the boron–nitrogen bonds of the ligands and the formation of pyrazole complexes of the two group 7 metals. Only one compound with an intact {HB(pzR)3}− ligand could be isolated: the technetium(I) complex [TcI(NO)Cl(PPh3){HB(pz)3}] (2). Other products show the coordination of one or four neutral pyrazole ligand(s) in the coordination spheres of technetium generated by thermal decomposition of the pyrazolylborates [TcI(NO)Cl2(PPh3)2(pzH)] (1) and [TcI(NS)Cl(pzHMe2)4]+ (5). Reactions with the corresponding thionitrosylrhenium complex [ReII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)2] require higher temperatures and only compounds with one pyrazole ligand, [ReI(NS)Cl2(PPh3)(pzHR)] (6a–6c), were isolated. The products were studied spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The presented article is devoted to the study of the safety, biodistribution and absorbed doses of a new radiopharmaceutical for diagnostics and evaluation of the treatment efficiency of tumors with hyperexpression of epithelial cell adhesion molecules by single-photon emission computed tomography. The results of the study showed the safety and tolerability of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 in patients with lung tumors. The absorbed dose values for [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 SPECT are also within the acceptable limits. Also, [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 SPECT showed primary diagnostic efficiency in visualizing tumors with EpCAM expression and regional metastases. The promising use of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 will allow the selection of patients for targeted immunotherapy of tumors and evaluation of the efficiency of such treatment. A high level of EpCAM overexpression in lung cancer makes this protein a promising target for targeted therapy. Radionuclide visualization of EpCAM expression would facilitate the selection of patients potentially benefiting from such treatment. Single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) using 99mTc-labeled engineered scaffold protein DARPin Ec1 has shown its effectiveness in imaging tumors with overexpression of EpCAM in preclinical studies, providing high contrast just a few hours after injection. This first-in-human study aimed to evaluate the safety and distribution of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 in patients with primary lung cancer. Twelve lung cancer patients were injected with 300.7 ± 103.2 MBq of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1. Whole-body planar imaging (at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after injection) and SPECT/CT of the lung (at 2, 4, and 6 h) were performed. The patients' vital signs and possible side effects were monitored up to 7 days after injection. The patients tolerated the injection of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 well, and their somatic condition remained normal during the entire follow-up period. There were no abnormalities in blood and urine tests after injection of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1. The highest absorbed doses were in the kidneys, liver, pancreas, thyroid, gallbladder wall, and adrenals. There was also a relatively high accumulation of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 in the small and large intestines, pancreas and thyroid. According to the SPECT/CT, accumulation of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 in the lung tumor was found in all patients included in the study. Intensive accumulation of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 was also noted in regional metastases. [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-Ec1 can potentially be considered a diagnostic tracer for imaging EpCAM expression in lung cancer patients and other tumors with overexpression of EpCAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to corresponding nitrosyl compounds, thionitrosyl complexes of rhenium and technetium are rare. Synthetic access to the thionitrosyl core is possible by two main approaches: (i) the treatment of corresponding nitrido complexes with S2Cl2 and (ii) by reaction of halide complexes with trithiazyl chloride. The first synthetic route was applied for the synthesis of novel rhenium and technetium thionitrosyls with the metals in their oxidation states "+1" and "+2". [MVNCl2(PPh3)2], [MVNCl(PPh3)(LOMe)] and [MVINCl2(LOMe)] (M = Re, Tc; {LOMe}− = (η5-cyclopentadienyl)tris(dimethyl phosphito-P)cobaltate(III)) complexes have been used as starting materials for the synthesis of [ReII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)2] (1), [ReII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)(OPPh3)] (2), [ReII(NS)Cl(PPh3)(LOMe)]+ (4a), [ReII(NS)Cl2(LOMe)] (5a), [TcII(NS)Cl(PPh3)(LOMe)]+ (4b) and [TcII(NS)Cl2(LOMe)] (5b). The triphenylphosphine complex 1 is partially suitable as a precursor for ongoing ligand exchange reactions and has been used for the synthesis of [ReI(NS)(PPh3)(Et2btu)2] (3a) (HEt2btu = N,N-diethyl-N′-benzoyl thiourea) containing two chelating benzoyl thioureato ligands. The novel compounds have been isolated in crystalline form and studied by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods including IR, NMR and EPR spectroscopy and (where possible) mass spectrometry. A comparison of structurally related rhenium and technetium complexes allows for conclusions about similarities and differences in stability, reaction kinetics and redox behavior between these 4d and 5d transition metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technetium-99 (99Tc) is found in aqueous environmental systems (due to nuclear testing, reprocessing, and accidents), where it can coexist with halides. While Tc(VII) is the primary oxidation state under oxic conditions, Tc(IV) can also be present in the environment. Accurate knowledge of the complexation of Tc(IV) species with Cl– improves understanding of Tc behavior in the environment. Results of batch solvent extraction experiments indicate that a single chloride complex is formed in solution from an exothermic reaction with a negative entropy. Computational results support classifying an outer-sphere complex between the Tc(IV) species and chloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiolabeling of bionanomaterials with technetium-99m (99mTc) has become a promising approach in combining the benefits of nanotechnology and nuclear medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of radiolabeling of bionanomaterials with 99mTc, highlighting the synthesis methods, labeling mechanisms, biological evaluation, physicochemical characterization and clinical applications of 99mTc-labeled bionanomaterials. Various types of nanomaterials are considered in the review, including lipid- and protein-based nanosystems, dendrimers and polymeric nanomaterials. Moreover, the review assesses the challenges presented by this emerging field, such as stability of the radiolabel, potential toxicity of the nanomaterials and regulatory aspects. Finally, promising future perspectives and areas of research development in 99mTc-labeled bionanomaterials are discussed. Article highlights Supremacy of nanomaterials for nuclear imaging The advantageous characteristics of nanomaterials such as their unique size and physiochemical properties enable their wide utilization for radiolabeling with different radioisotopes for various theranostic applications. Types of 99mTc-labeling methods Cutting-edge methodologies for the radiolabeling of nanomaterials with 99mTc include direct (reduction, exchange, adsorption) and chelator-mediated labeling. The advances in 99mTc radiolabeling of bionanomaterials 99mTc-labeled nanomaterials successfully used for the visualization of the biodistribution of therapeutics encapsulated within nanomaterials and as perspective SPECT imaging agents with improved characteristics. Recent trends in the labeling of organic nanomaterials with technetium are marked by a discernible shift toward the synthesis of entities with increasingly intricate chemical compositions and geometric configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Thyroidectomy can be done using different methods. In this study, post thyroidectomy thyroid remnant was compared between tie ligation and LigaSure. Methods: Thirty-two patients undergoing thyroidectomy were equally grouped into tie ligation (A) and LigaSure (B). The duration of operation, estimated surgical blood loss, drain discharge, pre and post-operation calcium and parathormone levels, and pre and post-operation subjective assessment of the vocal cord function were collected. Thyroid bed technetium uptake (TTU) and ultra-sonographies were done, respectively, within 3 and 7-14 days after surgery, and thyroid tissue remnant was evaluated. Results: Duration of the operation was longer in group A. Surgery-related blood loss and drain discharge, changes of calcium, parathormone and quality of voice before and after surgery were similar between the two groups. Three patients had sonographically remarkable post-surgical thyroid remnant; all operated by tie ligation, the difference with group B was insignificant. TTU was similar between groups A and B. Conclusion: Although LigaSure reduces the operation time with similar operation outcomes, the indicators of thyroid tissue surgical remnants are similar between the two strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Prompt and accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is of paramount importance for effective treatment planning. While Gallium-68 labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has proven efficacy in detecting PCa, limited availability poses challenges. As a potential alternative, [99mTc]Tc-PSMA single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) holds promise. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT for prostate cancer. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid, and Web of Science databases was conducted until July 2024. Sensitivity and specificity data were extracted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT, while the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to evaluate study quality. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 18, with MetaDisc 1.4 employed to detect threshold effects. Diagnostic accuracy indicators, including sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+), were pooled. The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined model was calculated using summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curves. Results Seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified from an initial pool of 1467 articles, with no publication bias observed. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT were found to be 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84–0.93), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.67–0.99), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90–0.95), respectively. Additionally, the comprehensive diagnostic odds ratio, diagnostic score, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were calculated as 95.24 (95% CI, 17.30-524.41), 4.56 (95% CI, 2.85–6.26), 11.35 (95% CI, 2.31–55.71), and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.08–0.18), respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that [99mTc]Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT exhibits favorable diagnostic performance for prostate cancer and can provide valuable supplementary information, particularly in regions and settings where [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT availability is limited, such as remote areas. These results highlight the potential of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA SPECT/CT as a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer, warranting further investigation and validation in larger patient cohorts.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) receptors are overexpressed in PCa. In this study, we have developed iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) functionalized with the Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) and Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) ligands for dual targeting of Prostate cancer. Methods: IONs were developed with a thin silica layer on their surface with MPTES (carrying -SH groups, IONs-SH), and they were coupled either with a pharmacophore targeting PSMA (IONs-PSMA) or with bombesin peptide (IONs-BN), targeting GRP receptors, or with both (IONs-PSMA/BN). The functionalized IONs were characterized for their size, zeta potential, and efficiency of functionalization using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the aforementioned types of IONs were radiolabeled directly with Technetium-99m (99mTc) and evaluated for their radiolabeling efficiency, stability, and binding ability on two different PCa cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP). Results and Discussion: The MTT assay demonstrated low toxicity of the IONs against PC3 and LNCaP cells, while the performed wound-healing assay further proved that these nanostructures did not affect cellular growth mechanisms. The observed hemolysis ratio after co-incubation with red blood cells was extremely low. Furthermore, the 99mTc-radiolabeled IONs showed good stability in human serum, DTPA, and histidine, and high specific binding rates in cancer cells, supporting their future utilization as potential diagnostic tools for PCa with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: ChiTn, a mouse/human chimeric anti-Tn monoclonal antibody, was radiolabeled with iodine-131 (131I) and technetium-99m (99mTc) to assess its biodistribution and internalization in Tn-expressing (Tn+) and wild-type (Tn-) LL/2 lung cancer cells. Results: Selective accumulation and gradual internalization of ChiTn were observed in Tn+ cells. Biodistribution in mice with both Tn+ or Tn− lung tumors indicated that the uptake of radiolabeled ChiTn within tumors increased over time. Dual-labeling experiments with 99mTc and 131I showed different biodistribution patterns, with 99mTc exhibiting higher values in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, while 131I showed higher uptake in the thyroid and stomach. However, tumor uptake did not significantly differ between Tn+ and Tn− tumors. To improve tumor targeting, Losartan, an antihypertensive drug known to enhance tumor perfusion and drug delivery, was investigated. Biodistribution studies in Losartan-treated mice revealed significantly higher radiolabeled ChiTn uptake in Tn+ tumors. No significant changes were observed in the uptake of the control molecule IgG-HYNIC™99mTc. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the enhanced tumor targeting of radiolabeled ChiTn in Losartan-treated mice with Tn-expressing lung tumors. They highlight the potential of ChiTn as a theranostic agent for cancer treatment and emphasize the importance of Losartan as an adjunctive treatment to improve tumor perfusion and drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Our report details a rare case of gastrointestinal bleeding in an adult male from Meckel's diverticulum. Diagnostic tests were negative except for technetium‐99m pertechnetate scintigraphy with SPECT/CT, highlighting importance of diverse modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure for the separation of technetium isotopes from bulk molybdenum was developed in nitric acid media. After irradiation of natMo foils, and dissolution in H2O2, the solution is acidified to 2 M HNO3, and anion exchange resin is used to separate technetium from molybdenum. The procedure is simple, requiring only basic laboratory equipment and, with a two-column separation, the technetium yield is high (~ 85%) with extremely high purity (< 0.1 ppm natMo). This is ideally suited for laboratory production of technetium tracer isotopes, particularly 95mTc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer, and the second cause of cancer death among women, worldwide. HER2 overexpression occurred in approximately 15% to 20% of breast cancers. Invasive biopsy method has been used for detection of HER2 overexpression. HER2-targeted imaging via an appropriate radionuclide is a promising method for sensitive and accurate identification of HER2+ primary and metastatic lesions. 99mTc-anti-HER2 scFv can specifically target malignancies and be used for diagnosis of the cancer type and metastasis as well as treatment of breast cancer. We radiolabeled anti-HER2 scFv that was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified through Ni-NTA resin under native condition with 99mTc-tricarbonyl formed from boranocarbonate. HER2-based ELISA, BCA, TLC, and HPLC were used in this study. In the current study, anti-HER2 scFv was lyophilized before radiolabeling. It was found that freeze-drying did not change the binding activity of anti-HER2 scFv to HER2. Results demonstrated direct anti-HER2 scFv radiolabeling by 99mTc-tricarbonyl to hexahistidine sequence (His-tag) without any changes in biological activity and radiochemical purity of around 98%. Stability analysis revealed that 99mTc-anti-HER2 scFv is stable for at least 24 h in PBS buffer, normal saline, human plasma proteins, and histidine solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of crystal structures of pertechnetates derived from aqueous solutions has been expanded from seven to over 30. We report the conversion of NH4TcO4 to aqueous HtcO4 via acidic cation exchange. This is followed by the synthesis and structural elucidation of pertechnetate salts of alkaline earth (AE), transition metal I and lanthanoids (Ln) elements. Various degrees of hydration and coordination are discussed. Where possible, a comparison with the perrhenate homologues is made. The described syntheses and materials may be used as novel starting materials for extended technetium research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicochemical properties of a liquid mixture containing choline chloride (ChCl) and acetic acid (AA) with a molar ratio of 1:2 were analyzed to determine its suitability for electrochemical studies. Viscosity, ionic conductivity, and density values as well as the width of the electrochemical window of the ChCl:AA mixture show that this liquid can be used as a supporting electrolyte in electrochemical studies. This was confirmed by the results of electrochemical studies on a model red-ox system of o-tolidine. Additional electrochemical tests revealed the dissolution of solid Pt in ChCl:FA. The ChCl:AA solution was also used as a background electrolyte in preliminary studies on the electrochemical reduction of pertechnetates. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy experiments reveal a multi-path process which leads to the formation of Tc(IV or III) ionic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption of pertechnetate on pyrrhotite FenSn+1 (I) and stibnite Sb2S3 (II) from distilled water was evaluated. The distribution coefficients were found to be 185 and 223 cm3/g, respectively. The XPS study of the chemical state of 99Tc absorbed on the surface of pyrrhotite and stibnite from aqueous solution of potassium pertechnetate (KTcO4) was carried out. It was found that Tc(IV) ions are present mostly on the surface of the studied samples, their concentration was 5.7 times higher on the surface of pyrrhotite compared to that on the surface of stibnite. A 13% admixture of Tc(VII) ions on the surface of pyrrhotite was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the sorption behaviour of 99Tc and 125I on bottom sediments from the Japan Sea, Khanka Lake and commercially available sapropel. It was determined that organic matter can have an impact on the iodine sorption process. After a 20-day period, sapropel reached an equilibrium state with a sorption value of up to 100%. In real systems of bottom sediment–water in the Far East region, iodine sorption was found to be superior on marine bottom sediments with a sorption value reaching 85% within 20 days, as opposed to freshwater sediments which only reached up to 35% within the same period. Tc(VII) in the form of pertechnetate anion exhibits no sorption under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions in the pH range of 4–11. Under aerobic conditions at pH 11 Tc(IV) is sorbed up to 15% only on sapropel; under anaerobic conditions at pH 7 the sorption reaches 25% for lake sediments, 10% for marine sediments and when the pH is 11, the sorption value of Tc by sapropel is as high as 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption of pertechnetate on pyrrhotite FenSn+1 (I) and stibnite Sb2S3 (II) from distilled water was evaluated. The distribution coefficients were found to be 185 and 223 cm3/g, respectively. The XPS study of the chemical state of 99Tc absorbed on the surface of pyrrhotite and stibnite from aqueous solution of potassium pertechnetate (KTcO4) was carried out. It was found that Tc(IV) ions are present mostly on the surface of the studied samples, their concentration was 5.7 times higher on the surface of pyrrhotite compared to that on the surface of stibnite. A 13% admixture of Tc(VII) ions on the surface of pyrrhotite was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept, a multivalent mannose, is readily internalized by the CD206 surface receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells which are abundantly present in lymph nodes. We want to examine the drainage patterns of Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept to sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in melanoma patients following the 10% rule. METHODS: Multi-center retrospective review of patients with cutaneous melanoma undergoing SLN biopsy using Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept between 2008 and 2014 was conducted. Statistical methods were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Of the 564 patients (mean age of 60.3 and 62% male) with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy showing at least one SLN, several primary tumor sites were included: 27% head/neck, 33% trunk, 21% upper extremity and 19% lower extremity. For the head/neck primary site, 36.5% of patients had multiple draining basins; for the trunk site, 36.4% of patients; for the upper extremity site, 13% of patients; and for the lower extremity, 27.4% of patients. A median of 3 (range 1-18) SLNs were identified and resected. Overall, 78% of patients had >1 SLN identified by Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept. In a multivariate model, patients with >1 SLN were significantly associated with age, Breslow depth, tumor location and higher AJCC tumor stage. A total of 17.7% of patients (100/564) had a positive SLN identified. A total of 145 positive SLNs were identified out of 1,812 SLNs with a positive SLN rate of 8%. Positive SLN status was significantly associated with younger age, greater Breslow depth, mitosis rate, higher AJCC tumor stage, presence of ulceration and angiolymphatic invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Using the 10% rule, Technetium-99m-labeled Tilmanocept detects multiple SLNs in most melanoma patients.

Due to their favorable chemical features, Re and Tc complexes have been widely used for the development of new therapeutic agents and imaging probes to solve problems of biomedical relevance. This review provides an update of the most relevant research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using Re and Tc‐based compounds interacting with specific DNA structures. This includes a variety of homometallic complexes, namely those containing M(CO)3 (M=Re, Tc) moieties, that exhibit different modes of interaction with DNA, such as covalent binding, intercalation, groove binding or G‐quadruplex DNA binding. Additionally, heterometallic complexes, designed to potentiate synergistic effects of different metal centers to improve DNA‐targeting, cytotoxicity and fluorescence properties, are also reviewed. Particular attention is also given to 99mTc‐ and 188Re‐labeled oligonucleotides that have been widely explored to develop imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals through the in vivo hybridization with a specific complementary DNA or RNA target sequence to provide useful molecular tools in precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the need for further improvement of DNA‐targeted Re and Tc‐based compounds as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents is highlighted, and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of the technetium(I) nitrosyl complex [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)Cl] with triphenylphosphine chalcogenides EPPh3 (E = O, S, Se), and Ag(PF6) in a CH2Cl2/MeOH mixture (v/v, 2/1) result in an exchange of the chlorido ligand and the formation of [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)(EPPh3)](PF6) compounds. The cationic acetonitrile complex [Tc(NO)(Cp)(PPh3)(NCCH3)]+ is formed when the reaction is conducted in NCCH3 without additional ligands. During the isolation of the corresponding PF6− salt a gradual decomposition of the anion was detected in the solvent mixture applied. The yields and the purity of the product increase when the BF4− salt is used instead. The acetonitrile ligand is bound remarkably strongly to technetium and exchange reactions readily proceed only with strong donors, such as pyridine or ligands with 'soft' donor atoms, such as the thioether thioxane. Substitutions on the cyclopentadienyl ring do not significantly influence the ligand exchange behavior of the starting material. 99Tc NMR spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the evaluation of reactions of the complexes of the present study. The extremely large chemical shift range of this method allows the ready detection of corresponding ligand exchange reactions. The observed 99Tc chemical shifts depend on the donor properties of the ligands. DFT calculations support the discussions about the experimental results and provide explanations for some of the unusual findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sentinel lymph node biopsy is performed by injection of a radiotracer agent (technetium). Unlike other gynecological tumors, ICG is not accepted as a single tracer. This study evaluated a combination of ICG with radioisotopes to determine the efficacy and real applicability of ICG in vulvar cancer. • This study demonstrated the use of ICG was a safe method with similar detection rates with radiotracer. With no benefits in patients with midline lesions, obesity, and tumor size. In addition, their use together does not present major benefits. • ICG use in vulvar cancer shows a comparable performance parameter to the "gold standard" of radiotracer use. These results open up the chance to use ICG, as a single tracer, in patients with vulvar cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy with radioactive tracer is the standard-of-care in lymph node status assessment in vulvar cancer. Indocyanine green fluorescence-ICG is a promising detection method, due to its advantages over technetium-99 m. In vulvar cancer, the procedure is controversial due to study heterogeneity and the small sample size in previous studies. This study evaluates ICG sentinel lymph node detection compared with the criterion-standard with technetium (dual modality method). Preoperative technetium and intraoperative ICG for sentinel lymph node have been prospectively evaluated in early-stage vulvar cancer. The primary endpoint was to determine accuracy in the detection rate for ICG compared with technetium. Secondary objectives included tracer modality relationship with obesity, tumor size and location. In total, 75 patients participated at 8 centers; 38 had lateral and 37 had midline vulvar tumors. The overall sentinel lymph node detection rate was 85.3 % for technetium and 82.7 % for ICG. For lateral tumors, the detection rate was 84.2 % vs. 89.5 %, while it was 86.5 % vs. 75.7 % for middle tumors, using technetium and ICG, respectively. The median sentinel node harvest was 1.7 (range 1–4), with 24 % metastatic involvement. The sensitivity and positive predictive value for ICG based on the standard technique with technetium was 91.08 % (95 % CI, 83.76–95.84) and 94.8 % (95 % CI, 84.84–96.48), respectively. No significant differences were found comparing the two tracers in patients with midline lesions, obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) and tumor size ≥ 2–4 cm. ICG shows comparable performance parameters to the gold-standard of radioisotope localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Technetium-99 is a highly radioactive isotope with a long half-life that is common in nuclear waste. It volatizes at a low temperature, which poses a significant challenge to the clean-up and containment processes. Due to difficulties in purifying technetium compounds, their thermophysical properties have not been measured or calculated. Here, first principle methods are used along with the quasi quasi-harmonic harmonic approximation to compute the Debye temperature, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, and heat capacity of rutile TcO2 for temperatures ranging from 0 to 1500 K and applied pressures ranging from 0 to 255 GPa. The computed atomic structures agree well with the results from diffraction measurements. The computed thermophysical properties are in the neighborhood of other rutile metal oxides and, in particular, are within approximately 10–13% of rutile ReO2, which is frequently used as a substitute for TcO2 in experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent nuclear fuel contains heavy element fission products that must be separated for effective reprocessing for a safe and sustainable nuclear fuel cycle. 93Zr and 99Tc are high‐yield fission products that co‐transport in liquid‐liquid extraction processes. Here we seek atomic‐level information of this co‐extraction process, as well as fundamental knowledge about ZrIV (and HfIV) aqueous speciation in the presence of topology‐directing ligands such as pertechnetate (TcO4−) and non‐radioactive surrogate perrhenate (ReO4−). In this context, we show that the flat tetrameric oxyhydroxyl‐cluster [MIV4(OH)8(H2O)16]8+ (and related polymers) is dissociated by perrhenate/pertechnetate to yield isostructural dimers, M2(OH)2(XO4−)6(H2O)6 ⋅ 3H2O (M=Zr/HfIV; X=Re/TcVII), elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. We used these model compounds to understand the pervasive 93Zr‐99Tc coextraction with further speciation studies in water, nitric acid, and tetrabutylphosphate (TBP) ‐kerosene; where the latter two media are relevant to nuclear fuel reprocessing. SAXS (small angle X‐ray scattering), compositional evaluation, and where experimentally feasible, ESI‐MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) showed that perrhenate/pertechnetate influence Zr/HfIV‐speciation in water. In Zr‐XO4 solvent extraction studies to simulate fuel reprocessing, we provide evidence that TcO4− enhances extraction of ZrIV, and compositional analysis of the extracted metal‐complexes (Zr‐ReO4 study) is consistent with the crystallized ZrIV2(OH)2(ReVIIO4−)6(H2O)6⋅dimer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, we demonstrated that the 177Lu-labeled single-chain variable fragment of an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) IgG D2B antibody (scFvD2B) showed higher prostate cancer (PCa) cell uptake and tumor radiation doses compared to 177Lu-labeled Glu-ureide-based PSMA inhibitory peptides. To obtain a 99mTc-/177Lu-scFvD2B theranostic pair, this research aimed to synthesize and biochemically characterize a novel 99mTc-scFvD2B radiotracer. The scFvD2B-Tag and scFvD2B antibody fragments were produced and purified. Then, two HYNIC derivatives, HYNIC-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2 (HYNIC-GGC) and succinimidyl-HYNIC (S-HYNIC), were used to conjugate the scFvD2B-Tag and scFvD2B isoforms, respectively. Subsequently, chemical characterization, immunoreactivity tests (affinity and specificity), radiochemical purity tests, stability tests in human serum, cellular uptake and internalization in LNCaP(+), PC3-PIP(++) or PC3(−) PCa cells of the resulting unlabeled HYNIC-scFvD2B conjugates (HscFv) and 99mTc-HscFv agents were performed. The results showed that incorporating HYNIC as a chelator did not affect the affinity, specificity or stability of scFvD2B. After purification, the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HscFv radiotracers was greater than 95%. A two-sample t-test of 99mTc-HscFv1 and 99mTc-HscFv1 uptake in PC3-PIP vs. PC3 showed a p-value < 0.001, indicating that the PSMA receptor interaction of 99mTc-HscFv agents was statistically significantly higher in PSMA-positive cells than in the negative controls. In conclusion, the results of this research warrant further preclinical studies to determine whether the in vivo pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake of 99mTc-HscFv still offer sufficient advantages over HYNIC-conjugated peptides to be considered for SPECT/PSMA imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed to validate 90Y dosimetry with MC simulation by comparing the TLD measurements results obtained in 3D liqid phantom (LP) and its monte carlo (MC) simulation. In the first step, tumor imitation was filled with 1900 µCi (70.3 MBq) amount of 99mTc activity in LP. In addition, 24 thermoluminescence dosimetry chips (TLD-100) were placed in 8 different locations in the LP. The same measurement system was created in GEANT4 Tomography Emission Application (GATE version 8.1). DoseActor library was defined for 24 points instead of TLDs and doses were taken. In the second step, 90Y with the amount of 2 mCi (74 MBq) activity and 27 DoseActor libraries were placed in tumor mimic and different locations in LP to calculate the dose distribution with GATE. GATE and TLD results for 99mTc were compared for validation. The strong correlation coefficient was calculated between the instant absorbed dose rates obtained via TLD measurements and GATE calculations as R2 = 0.994. At the 90Y dosimetry, the highest, lowest and mean cumulative absorbed doses calculated by GATE for a half-life were found to be 1.166 × 102 ± 3.907 × 10–1, 5.440 × 101 ± 2.597 × 10–1, and 75.145 ± 0.303 Gy in the tumor imitation, and 1.167 × 101 ± 1.777 × 10−1, 9.929 × 10−5 ± 6.905 × 10−5, 1.169 ± 0.019 Gy in the liver parenchymal tissue imitation, respectively. GATE program is considered to be a promising application in internal radionuclide dosimetry, based on linear correlation between TLD and GATE measurements in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Our report details a rare case of gastrointestinal bleeding in an adult male from Meckel's diverticulum. Diagnostic tests were negative except for technetium‐99m pertechnetate scintigraphy with SPECT/CT, highlighting importance of diverse modalities.

Ectopic thyroid, the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages, is the most common form of thyroid dysgenesis. A 32-year-old female patient sought medical attention at the Otolaryngology Department with a foreign body sensation in her throat. To ensure an accurate diagnosis, hereby, the authors conducted a comprehensive diagnostic work-up, which included Technetium-99 (Tc-99m) scanning. Remarkably, the scanning results revealed radiotracer uptake in the base of the tongue while indicating an absence of uptake in the thyroid bed. By shedding light on present captivating case, the present report offers valuable insights into the usage of Technetium imaging in diagnosing doubtful Lingual Thyroid (LT) cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very limited number of structurally known thionitrosyl complexes of technetium was increased by the synthesis of [TcII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)2] (3) and [TcII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)(OPPh3)] (4) and their reaction products with hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borates, {HB(pzR)3}−. Similar reactions were conducted with [TcI(NO)Cl2(PPh3)2(CH3CN)] and related rhenium thionitrosyls. Remarkably, most such reactions result in a rapid cleavage of the boron–nitrogen bonds of the ligands and the formation of pyrazole complexes of the two group 7 metals. Only one compound with an intact {HB(pzR)3}− ligand could be isolated: the technetium(I) complex [TcI(NO)Cl(PPh3){HB(pz)3}] (2). Other products show the coordination of one or four neutral pyrazole ligand(s) in the coordination spheres of technetium generated by thermal decomposition of the pyrazolylborates [TcI(NO)Cl2(PPh3)2(pzH)] (1) and [TcI(NS)Cl(pzHMe2)4]+ (5). Reactions with the corresponding thionitrosylrhenium complex [ReII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)2] require higher temperatures and only compounds with one pyrazole ligand, [ReI(NS)Cl2(PPh3)(pzHR)] (6a–6c), were isolated. The products were studied spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction.

In contrast to corresponding nitrosyl compounds, thionitrosyl complexes of rhenium and technetium are rare. Synthetic access to the thionitrosyl core is possible by two main approaches: (i) the treatment of corresponding nitrido complexes with S2Cl2 and (ii) by reaction of halide complexes with trithiazyl chloride. The first synthetic route was applied for the synthesis of novel rhenium and technetium thionitrosyls with the metals in their oxidation states “+1” and “+2”. [MVNCl2(PPh3)2], [MVNCl(PPh3)(LOMe)] and [MVINCl2(LOMe)] (M = Re, Tc; {LOMe}− = (η5-cyclopentadienyl)tris(dimethyl phosphito-P)cobaltate(III)) complexes have been used as starting materials for the synthesis of [ReII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)2] (1), [ReII(NS)Cl3(PPh3)(OPPh3)] (2), [ReII(NS)Cl(PPh3)(LOMe)]+ (4a), [ReII(NS)Cl2(LOMe)] (5a), [TcII(NS)Cl(PPh3)(LOMe)]+ (4b) and [TcII(NS)Cl2(LOMe)] (5b). The triphenylphosphine complex 1 is partially suitable as a precursor for ongoing ligand exchange reactions and has been used for the synthesis of [ReI(NS)(PPh3)(Et2btu)2] (3a) (HEt2btu = N,N-diethyl-N′-benzoyl thiourea) containing two chelating benzoyl thioureato ligands. The novel compounds have been isolated in crystalline form and studied by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods including IR, NMR and EPR spectroscopy and (where possible) mass spectrometry. A comparison of structurally related rhenium and technetium complexes allows for conclusions about similarities and differences in stability, reaction kinetics and redox behavior between these 4d and 5d transition metals.

"2+1B" tricarbonyl complexes of the general formula [M(CO)3(N^N)CN(CH2)4CH(COOMe)SC10H21]-ClO4, where M = 99mTc or Re, N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), were prepared by the reaction of [M(CO)3(N^N)(MeOH)]ClO4 with methyl 2-(decylthio)-6-isocyanohexanoate in methanol. The rhenium complexes were isolated and characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The formation of technetium-99m complexes was confirmed by HPLC. The lipophilicity of the technetium complexes was measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction between [1,2,4,5]tetrazines with trans‐cyclooctene through the cycloaddition process has been described as a powerful tool in bioorthogonal processes. Specifically the diagnostic with fluorescent‐ and radio‐labelled [1,2,4,5]tetrazines and pre‐targeted trans‐cyclooctene modified‐antibody has been used by us for this purpose. Our previously developed 99mTc‐radiolabelled [1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐derivatives porting 6‐hydrazinonicotinyl‐chelator displayed some limitations related to its unappropriated biodisposal. Herein, we explored [1,2,4,5]tetrazines porting other 99mTc‐coordination‐moieties, 1,4,8,11‐tetrazacyclotetradecanyl and diethylenetriaminepentaacetyl, as potential hydrophilic functions. Some of the new modified [1,2,4,5]tetrazines were able to coordinate efficiently the radionuclide generating 99mTc‐counterparts that reacted with trans‐cyclooctene modified‐bevacizumab and recognized cells that overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, the in vivo99mTc‐counterparts‐biodistributions were studied, on the desired organs, and they resulted dependent of lipophilicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation method using ammonium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. For this purpose, iron magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were synthesized, coated with alanine (Ala) and loaded with a folic acid antagonist MTX. Structural characterization of MNP-Ala and MNP-Ala-MTX were achieved by nanoparticle characterization techniques. MTX loaded magnetic nanoparticle was radiolabeled with technetium-99 m with 89% efficiency.The effect of radiolabeled nanoparticles on cells was determined on human cervical cancer (HeLa) and human breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines. It was found that drug loaded MNP nanoparticles showed higher uptake in MCF7 cells than in HeLa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with injection of radiopharmaceuticals is now the standard of care for staging the axilla in patients with breast cancer. Sulfur or antimony colloids labeled with 99mTechnetium (Tc) are used globally for the procedure, with a detection rate of 94%. However, in Iran, Tc phytate has been used because it is more easily producible in the country. The detection rate with Tc phytate has not been well determined in large-scale studies. Objective: We performed this study to report the detection rate of SLNB with Tc phytate, its advantages and disadvantages using large multicentric data. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study. Participants were breast cancer patients without previous history of axillary surgery, who underwent sentinel node biopsy using Tc phytate on the morning of surgery or the day before. The detection rate was calculated as the number of patients with histologically positive sentinel nodes to all patients with histologically positive lymph nodes; we compared those injected on the day of surgery and those injected on the day before. Results: Overall, 2663 women aged 50.2 ± 11.6 years were included. The detection rate was 91.8% (806 out of 878). The false negative rate was 8.2% overall, and statistically similar for injections on the day or the day before surgery (2.9 vs 2.1; P = 0.32). Conclusion: Tc phytate has a good detection rate for breast radio-guided SLNB with similar result for injections on the surgery day or the day before it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technetium-99m(99mTc) is used worldwide in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging procedures. We developed porous MoO2 pellets as an alternative to reactor-based targets in an (n,γ) reaction for producing Technetium-99m (99mTc) in nuclear medicine. The pellets, formed through a manufacturing process involving mixing, sintering, eluting, and drying, offer advantages such as selective dissolution and improved yield. This research offers a potential solution for stable 99mTc production, focusing on porous molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) as a target material due to its insolubility in water. Using potassium molybdate (K2MoO4) as a pore former, we developed porous MoO2 pellets that facilitate efficient technetium extraction and target recycling. This approach offers control over pore formation and shows promise in addressing supply challenges and enhancing 99mTc production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of us reported previously the structure of di‐μ‐carbonyl‐bis[tricarbonyl(pyridine)technetium], [Tc2(μ‐CO)2(C5H5N)2(CO)6], as the main product of the reaction of [Tc2(CO)10] with pyridine at room temperature, using the reagent itself as solvent [Zuhayra et al. (2008). Inorg. Chem.47, 10177–10182]. On the basis of an X‐ray analysis of the product, a molecular structure was proposed with two bridging carbonyls displaying very unusual geometrical features, not explained at the time. Subsequent chemical considerations, coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, prompted us to revise the original structure determination. Using the original raw diffraction data, we have now performed new refinements to show that the previously proposed 'bridging carbonyls' actually correspond to bridging methoxide groups, and that the crystals analyzed at the time therefore would correspond to the complex di‐μ‐methoxido‐bis[tricarbonyl(pyridine)technetium], syn‐[Tc2(μ‐OMe)2(NC5H5)2(CO)6]. This methoxide‐bridged complex likely was a minor side product formed along with the main product in the above reaction, perhaps due to the presence of trace amounts of methanol and air in the reaction mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative to oral administration for the delivery of therapeutic substances is the topical route, which frequently has comparable efficacy but may have a better tolerability profile. Gamma scintigraphy is a noninvasive technique that involves the application of radioactive substances to conduct biodistribution studies of therapeutic substances delivered through various routes. Nimesulide (NSD) was radiolabeled with technetium pertechnetate (Technetium99m [99mTc]) and this radiolabeled drug complex (99mTc-NSD) was used to prepare a topical gel formulation. The permeation of the radiolabeled drug from the topical gel was determined by gamma scintigraphy on human volunteers. The region of interest was calculated for the quantification of permeated radiolabeled drugs. This was observed that the mean percentage permeation of 99mTc-NSD was found to be 0.32 ± 0.22 to 36.37 ± 2.86 at 5 and 240 min. It was demonstrated that gamma scintigraphy may be a noninvasive and reliable technique for the determination of drug permeation through topical routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The goal of this work is to identify new fatty acid-mimetic 99mTc-complexes to be used as myocardial imaging agents that allow studying heart abnormalities in high-risk patients. In this sense, we designed a fatty acid-mimetic substructure including an amide moiety that, among other properties, could improve myocardial residence time. A diamide with a chain length of 15 atoms and porting a 6-hydrazinonicotinyl (HYNIC) chelator, and an analog with a short carbon-chain, were prepared with convergent organic synthetic procedures and radiolabeled with 99mTc using tricine as the sole coligand. The in vivo proofs of concept were performed using healthy mice. The new 99mTc-complexes were obtained with adequate radiochemical purity. The lipophilicities were in agreement with the length of the chains. While both 99mTc-complexes showed uptake in the myocardial muscle, the designed radiopharmaceutical with the longest chain length had preferential target-uptake and target-retention compared to other complexes described in the bibliography. Further studies, involving imaging assays, synthetic modifications, and assay of new coligands for 99mTc-HYNIC complexes, are currently ongoing.

99Tc and 129I are two long-lived, highly soluble and mobile fission products that pose a long-term hazard. A proposed wasteform for the disposal of radio-iodine is iodovanadinite (Pb5(VO4)3I), an apatite-structured vanadate. In this investigation, a suite of potential iodovanadinite wasteforms designed for the co-disposal of Tc and I or the sole disposal of I were synthesised via hot isostatic pressing (with Mo as a surrogate for Tc). It was found that direct synthesis from oxide and iodide precursors was possible using hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). Increasing overpressure during HIPing was found to improve the density of the final product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that the use of AgI as the source of iodine affected the formation of the target iodovanadinite phase and produced unfavourable phase assemblages. Here, we report the direct synthesis of Pb5(VO4)3I in a single step by hot isostatic pressing.

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), are routinely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PD-L1 is a validated prognostic and predictive immunohistochemical biomarker of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy but displays temporospatial heterogeneity of expression. Non-invasive radiopharmaceutical techniques, including technetium-99m [99mTc]-labelled anti-PD-L1 single-domain antibody (NM-01) SPECT/CT, have the potential to improve the predictive value of PD-L1 assessment. This study aims to determine the inter- and intra-rater agreement of the quantitative measurement of [99mTc]NM-01 SPECT/CT in NSCLC. Methods Participants (n = 14) with untreated advanced NSCLC underwent [99mTc]NM-01 SPECT/CT at baseline (n = 3) or at baseline plus 9-week follow-up (n = 11). [99mTc]NM-01 uptake (of primary lung, lymph node, thoracic and distant metastases, and healthy reference tissues) was measured using SUVmax and malignant lesion-to-blood pool ratios with Siemens xSPECT Broad Quantification software by three independent raters. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated and Bland–Altman plot analysis performed to determine inter- and intra-rater agreement. Results There was excellent inter-rater agreement of manual freehand SUVmax scores of primary lung tumour (T; n = 25; ICC 1.00; 95% CI 0.99–1.00), individual lymph node metastases (LN; n = 56; ICC 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.98), thoracic metastases (ThMet; n = 9; ICC 0.94; 95% CI 0.83–0.99) and distant metastases (DisMet; n = 21; ICC 0.91; 95% CI 0.83–0.96). The inter-rater ICCs of tumour-to-blood pool (T:BP), LN:BP, ThMet:BP and DisMet:BP measures of [99mTc]NM-01 uptake also demonstrated good or excellent agreement. Manual freehand scoring of T, LN, ThMet, DisMet and their ratios using [99mTc]NM-01 SPECT/CT following a 28-day interval was consistent for all raters with good or excellent intra-rater agreement demonstrated (ICCs range 0.86–1.00). Conclusion Quantitative assessment of [99mTc]NM-01 SPECT/CT in NSCLC, using SUVmax of malignant primary or metastatic lesions and their ratios with healthy reference tissues, demonstrated good or excellent inter- and intra-rater agreement in this study. Further validation with ongoing and future larger cohort studies is now warranted. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. NCT04436406 (registered 18th June 2020; available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04436406 ) and NCT04992715 (registered 5th August 2021; available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04992715 ).

In this study, we have opened a great route to fabricate a high-performance nanocomposite for various functional applications based on the composite of a natural stone. A clay sample (black shale (B.Sh)) was collected from the Abu-Tartur area in Egypt. The black shale was organically modified with organic materials in our laboratory, which is called organo-black shale (O-B.Sh). The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XRF. These techniques confirmed that the samples have multi-oxide phases with approximately SiO2 at 54.1%, Al2O3 at 24.73%, Fe2O3 at 6.02%, K2O at 1.12%, MgO at 1.09%, and Na2O of 0.09%, as calculated by XRF. The two samples were applied to the adsorption processes of the radioactive technetium materials, which have been used for the medical treatment of the cancer institute of Upper Egypt. The adsorption processes were performed at various concentrations of the radioactive material and various amounts of clay samples. The as-collected B.Sh sample showed an adsorption activity of 65%, however, the organically modified materials showed a high adsorption rate toward technetium reaches to 100% in a very short time and without any further process. The present collected materials are very promising to withdraw the radioactive materials from the saline solution to save human and environmental health. We believe these multi-compound composites may open a new approach for creating new fabric composites with high performance for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactions of ammonium perrhenate and pertechnetate in highly alkaline medium led to the isotypic mixed anionic nitridotrioxidorhenate and ‐technetate K3[MO4][MO3N] (M= Tc, Re). Both compounds occur as colorless crystals, which were investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, K3[ReO4][ReO3N] has been studied by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the oxidation state of rhenium. The obtained results have been complemented by magnetic measurements. IR and Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of Re−O as well as Re−N bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]