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1. Parents and young people in transition after first episode psychosis

Author

Taylor, Hannah E. F.

Subjects
616.89, BF Psychology
Abstract

A first episode of psychosis (FEP) is a significant life event for both a young person and their parent. This life event highlights a period of transition which is negotiated within the young person-parent relationship. The way in which the dyad reacts to and copes with the experience is important throughout the episode of FEP. Aims: This study aimed at describing how young people and their parents understand their experiences of FEP, and analysing how their relationships influenced recovery, and how psychosis and recovery affected the relationship itself. Method: A sample of ten participants, five young people who experienced psychosis and five parents were recruited. Data were collected using individual grounded theory interviews. Narratives were analysed using Grounded Theory. Results: A theory of recovery in the context of a parent-young person relationship was developed encompassing five core categories which were constructed through common pathways in which stories of recovery were told. These included formative experiences, independence, safe haven, secure base and parental distress. These categories were reflected across and within the relationships of parents and young people. Conclusions: This study provides an understanding of the process of recovery from the context of a parent and young person relationship. Therefore, offers a basis to explore further both relational and systemic factors important in the recovery from psychosis.

Published
2012

4. Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: A multi-level modelling analysis

Author

University of Manchester/Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ; University of Manchester ; University of East Anglia ; University of Birmingham ; University of Glasgow ; University of Manchester ; University of Manchester/Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ; University of Chester ; University of Cambridge ; University of Manchester ; University of Liverpool, Morrison, Anthony P, Shryane, Nick, Fowler, David, Birchwood, Max, Gumley, Andrew I, Taylor, Hannah E, French, Paul, Stewart, Suzanne L K, Jones, Peter B, Lewis, Shôn W, Bentall, Richard P, University of Manchester/Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ; University of Manchester ; University of East Anglia ; University of Birmingham ; University of Glasgow ; University of Manchester ; University of Manchester/Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust ; University of Chester ; University of Cambridge ; University of Manchester ; University of Liverpool, Morrison, Anthony P, Shryane, Nick, Fowler, David, Birchwood, Max, Gumley, Andrew I, Taylor, Hannah E, French, Paul, Stewart, Suzanne L K, Jones, Peter B, Lewis, Shôn W, and Bentall, Richard P

Abstract

This is the authors' accepted manuscript of an article published in Psychological Medicine., Background: Paranoia is one of the commonest symptoms of psychosis but has rarely been studied in a population at risk of developing psychosis. Based on existing theoretical models, including the proposed distinction between ‘poor me’ and ‘bad me’ paranoia, we test specific predictions about associations between negative cognition, metacognitive beliefs and negative emotions and paranoid ideation and the belief that persecution is deserved (deservedness). Methods: We used data from 117 participants from the EDIE-2 trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for people at high risk of developing psychosis, comparing them with samples of psychiatric inpatients and healthy students from a previous study. Multi-level modelling was utilised to examine predictors of both paranoia and deservedness, with post-hoc planned comparisons conducted to test whether person-level predictor variables were associated differentially with paranoia or with deservedness. Results: Our sample of ARMS participants was not as paranoid, but reported higher levels of “bad-me” deservedness, compared to psychiatric inpatients. We found several predictors of paranoia and deservedness. Negative beliefs about self were related to deservedness but not paranoia, whereas negative beliefs about others were positively related to paranoia but negatively with deservedness. Both depression and negative metacognitive beliefs about paranoid thinking were specifically related to paranoia but not deservedness. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the role of negative cognition, metacognition and negative affect in the development of paranoid beliefs, which has implications for psychological interventions and our understanding of psychosis.

Published
2015

9. Core Schemas across the Continuum of Psychosis: A Comparison of Clinical and Non-Clinical Groups.

Author

Taylor, Hannah E., Stewart, Suzanne L. K., Dunn, Graham, Parker, Sophie, Fowler, David, and Morrison, Anthony P.

Subjects
*PSYCHIATRIC treatment, *PSYCHOSES, *MENTAL illness risk factors, *CONTINUUM of care, *SYMPTOMS, *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, *MENTAL status examination
Abstract

Background: Research suggests that core schemas are important in both the development and maintenance of psychosis. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate and compare core schemas in four groups along the continuum of psychosis and examine the relationships between schemas and positive psychotic symptomatology. Method: A measure of core schemas was distributed to 20 individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP), 113 individuals with “at risk mental states” (ARMS), 28 participants forming a help-seeking clinical group (HSC), and 30 non-help-seeking individuals who endorse some psychotic-like experiences (NH). Results: The clinical groups scored significantly higher than the NH group for negative beliefs about self and about others. No significant effects of group on positive beliefs about others were found. For positive beliefs about the self, the NH group scored significantly higher than the clinical groups. Furthermore, negative beliefs about self and others were related to positive psychotic symptomatology and to distress related to those experiences. Conclusions: Negative evaluations of the self and others appear to be characteristic of the appraisals of people seeking help for psychosis and psychosis-like experiences. The results support the literature that suggests that self-esteem should be a target for intervention. Future research would benefit from including comparison groups of people experiencing chronic psychosis and people who do not have any psychotic-like experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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10. Effects of Appraisals of Anomalous Experience on Distress in People at Risk of Psychosis.

Author

Taylor, Hannah E., Parker, Sophie, Mansell, Warren, and Morrison, Anthony P.

Subjects
*AT-risk people, *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, *MENTAL illness risk factors, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, *DATA analysis, *MENTAL health, PSYCHOSES risk factors
Abstract

Background: A cognitive model of psychosis suggests that appraisals of psychoticlike experiences (PLEs), and the subsequent responses adopted, are responsible for the maintenance of distress and disability associated with psychosis. Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to manipulate appraisals of an anomalous experience in people at risk of psychosis and whether this affects levels of distress. Method: Participants who had experienced an "at risk mental state" (ARMS) within the past year, were randomized to one of two groups and received either negative or neutral information pertaining to an anomalous experience (a card trick). Participants completed a questionnaire measuring PLEs, then completed pre and post measures of distress and anxiety in relation to the card trick. Participants were also asked to rate a series of psychotic or non-psychotic appraisals regarding how they thought the card trick worked. Results: Data analysis revealed that distress and anxiety were not related to the information group assigned (our experimental manipulation was unsuccessful). However, when analyzed as one group, higher conviction in non-psychotic appraisals was found to be related to lower levels of distress and state anxiety. Conclusions: The findings provide some validation for a relationship between appraisals and distress. Clinical implications, methodological limitations and possible future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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