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OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors in predicting the need for surgical treatment due to medical treatment failure in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study performed in a university hospital between 2015 and 2020. Sixty-nine patients with tubo-ovarian abscess were treated with parenteral antibiotics. Some of them required surgery because antibiotic treatment was not successful. We compared the group in which parenteral antibiotic treatment was successful with the group that required surgical treatment. The conservative treatment group consisted of 43 (62.3%) patients who responded to antibiotic therapy alone (gentamicin-clindamycin), and the operation group consisted of 26 women (37.7%) who did not reply to antibiotic therapy and required operation. Demographic, clinical, sonographic, and laboratory results were compared between the two groups using univariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Overall, up to 37.7% (26/69) of the patients underwent surgery after failure of antibiotic therapy. Patients who failed antibiotic therapy had higher infection parameters such as C-reactive protein (205±109 mg/dL vs. 115 ± 90 mg/dL, p=0.002), platelet count (349 ± 108 x 103/mm3 vs. 298 ± 95 x 103/mm3, p=0.042), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (18.8 ± 35.7 vs. 8.2 ± 6.9, p=0.022). Also in the same group, larger tubo-ovarian abscess size (61.6±16.6 mm vs 45.8 ± 10.3 mm, p

To evaluate risk factors associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in patients undergoing a second cervical excision procedure due to positive surgical margins and to create a prediction model for residual disease.This study included patients with HSIL positive surgical margins following loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEP) between March 2015 and August 2019. HSIL in the second cervical excision pathology in these patients was accepted as residual disease. For residual disease prediction; a multivariate logistic regression and stepwise elimination analysis of 14 variables including demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, pathology results and HPV genotypes of the patients was performed.Second cervical excision procedures were performed in 290 patients 85(29,4%) of these patients had CIN 2 (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) and 205 (70,6%) had CIN 3. In the second excision procedure, 166 patients (57.2%) had ≤CIN 1, 124 patients (42.8%) had ≥CIN2. The prediction model of residual disease includes only 3 variables out of the 14 different clinical characteristics (AUC = 0.605 [0.539-0.671]). These variables are gravida (adjusted OR: 1.15 [0.97 - 1.38], p=0.107), CIN2-3 presence in the endocervical canal in the first LEEP specimen (adjusted OR: 1.52 [0.94 - 2.47], p=0.091) and the presence of HR-HPV except 16/18 lesions (adjusted OR: 0.64 [0.38 - 1.06], p=0.083).A prediction model was designed with our data, from variables reported to be risk factors for residual disease in previous studies. While this model was statistically significant, it was poor at distinguishing residual disease. A prediction model can be designed to guide clinicians with future studies.

La pandemia de COVID-19 se asocia con resultados mentales negativos en el período posparto temprano. Objetivo. Evaluar la salud mental posparto a largo plazo de las mujeres infectadas con COVID-19 durante el embarazo. Métodos. Estudio transversal en 101 gestantes que dieron a luz en un centro terciario durante la pandemia de COVID-19, entre el 31 de marzo de 2020 y el 30 de noviembre de 2021. Se clasificó a las gestantes en 2 grupos como COVID-19 positivo (grupo de estudio, n=52) y COVID-19 negativo (grupo control, n=49). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y obstétricos mediante un cuestionario en los períodos posparto temprano (≤6 meses) y tardío (6 a 18 meses). Se calculó la puntuación del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (IDB) y del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (IAB) mediante el análisis de los datos de las participantes. Resultados. La puntuación media del IDB y la tasa de depresión (puntuación del IDB >13) en las pacientes con COVID-19 positivo fueron mayores en el período posparto temprano que en el tardío. Según el análisis de regresión lineal multivariante, existió una correlación significativa entre la puntuación IDB de las pacientes con COVID-19 y el nivel educativo y la situación laboral. Según el mismo análisis, existió una correlación significativa entre la puntuación del IAB de los pacientes con COVID-19 y el apoyo del cónyuge, la relación marital y las enfermedades relacionadas con el nacimiento. Se encontró que las pacientes con COVID-19 positivo y COVID-19 negativo tenían puntuaciones IDB e IAB similares en los periodos postparto temprano (≤6 meses) y tardío (6-18 meses). Además, las tasas de ansiedad y depresión fueron similares en ambos grupos en los mismos períodos posparto. Conclusión. En nuestro estudio, la infección por COVID-19 en el embarazo no tuvo un impacto adicional significativo en la salud mental materna en el posparto a largo plazo.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. El efecto del hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) en los resultados perinatales adversos no está claro, y los valores de referencia de la hormona tiroestimulante (TSH) en el embarazo son controvertidos. Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos del HSC negativo para los anticuerpos de la peroxidasa tiroidea (TPOAbs) sobre los resultados perinatales según los diferentes valores de referencia de la TSH. Métodos. Un total de 554 mujeres embarazadas, incluyendo 509 eutiroideas y 45 gestantes hipotiroideas subclínicas (TSH > 3 mIU/L), fueron incluidas en este estudio prospectivo de casos y controles. Todas las gestantes estaban en el tercer trimestre y eran negativas a los TPOAbs. Las funciones tiroideas fueron evaluadas utilizando los valores de referencia específicos para el trimestre recomendados por el Colegio Americano de Obstetricia y Ginecología (ACOG) (TSH > 3 mIU/L) y la Asociación Americana de Tiroides (ATA) (TSH > 4 mIU/L). Resultados. La mortalidad neonatal en el hipotiroidismo subclínico con un límite superior de TSH de 4 mIU/L fue significativamente menor que en el grupo eutiroideo (2 (0,4%) frente a 1 (4,5%); p=0,009). No hubo diferencias significativas en resultados maternos y perinatales adversos en las gestantes con HSC y eutiroideas en ambos valores de referencia de la TSH. No hubo correlación significativa entre los valores de TSH y las semanas de parto de las gestantes con parto prematuro (r=0,169, p=0,146). Conclusiones. En este estudio, utilizando los diferentes valores basales de TSH recomendados por las directrices del ACOG de 2020 y de la ATA de 2017 en el tercer trimestre del embarazo para el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo subclínico, no hubo una relación significativa entre los casos de hipotiroidismo subclínico con TPOAbs negativos y los resultados perinatales adversos. ABSTRACT Background: The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on adverse perinatal outcomes is unclear, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) reference values in pregnancy are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effects of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAbs) negative SCH on perinatal outcomes according to the different TSH reference values. Methods: A total of 554 pregnant women, including 509 euthyroid and 45 subclinical hypothyroid (TSH > 3 mIU/L) pregnant women, were included in this prospective case-controlled study. All pregnant women were in the third trimester and were TPOAbs negative. Thyroid functions were evaluated using trimester-specific reference values recommended by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) (TSH > 3 mIU/L) and the American Thyroid Association (ATA) (TSH > 4 mIU/L) guidelines. Results: Neonatal mortality in subclinical hypothyroidism with a TSH upper limit of 4 mIU/L was significantly lower than in the euthyroid group (2 (0.4%) vs 1 (4.5%); p=0.009). There was no significant difference in terms of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in SCH and euthyroid pregnant women in both TSH reference values. There was no significant correlation between TSH values and delivery weeks of pregnant women with preterm delivery (r=0.169, p=0.146). Conclusions: In this study, using different baseline TSH values recommended by the 2020 ACOG and 2017 ATA guidelines in the third trimester of pregnancy for the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism, it was shown that there was no significant relationship between cases of subclinical hypothyroidism with negative TPOAbs and adverse perinatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aim to compare the maternal and obstetric outcomes between local adolescent Turkish citizens and adolescent Syrian refugees admitted to a tertiary care center in Turkey. STUDY DESIGN: Between January 2014 and December 2019, a total of 57,049 births were performed in our hospital. The study included a total of 6,021 patients aged 19 years or younger pregnancy who gave birth at our hospital. Of this number, 5,164 (1,792 Syrian adolescent refugee cases and 3,372 local adolescent Turkish cases) were live singleton pregnancies. Our primary aim was to compare the maternal and obstetric outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: In the pregnant refugee women, the maternal age was younger (p

This study aimed to compare the postpartum outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women with COVID-19. Pregnant women were categorized into two sets as asymptomatic and symptomatic according to their clinics at the time of application. COVID-19 was diagnosed using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs. Asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were compared in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes.Our study population consisted of 20 asymptomatic and 41 symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The rate of primary cesarean section was more than twice in the symptomatic group (51.2%) than that of the asymptomatic group (20%) (p=0.019). Both groups are quite similar in terms of maternal [respiratory support, COVID-19- related treatment, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission], perinatal (preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membrane, preeclampsia, and mode of delivery), and neonatal outcomes [birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal ICU (NICU) admission]. The rate of total cesarean section in the asymptomatic group (75%) was statistically similar to the symptomatic group (83%) (p=0.464). The NICU admission rate was found to be similar in the asymptomatic (54.2%) and symptomatic groups (50%) (p=0.858). However, NICU admissions were more frequent in the symptomatic group due to respiratory distress (p=0.032). The breastfeeding rate is higher in the asymptomatic pregnant group as expected (p=0.015). Additionally, the ferritin level was significantly lower in the asymptomatic group (p=0.006).The rate of primary cesarean section is quite high in symptomatic patients with COVID-19. Additionally, the total cesarean section rate was extremely high in both groups. We expected more adverse outcomes in symptomatic patients; however, we found similar maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes between both groups.Bu çalışmada, koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) ile enfekte asemptomatik ve semptomatik gebelerin maternal, perinatal ve neonatal sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmamız COVID-19 ile enfekte gebelerin değerlendirildiği retrospektif kohort çalışmasıdır. Gebeler hastaneye başvurularında asemptomatik ve semptomatik olarak iki gruba kategorize edildi. COVID-19 tanısı, orofaringeal ve nazofaringeal sürüntülerde gerçek zamanlı revers transkriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile konuldu. Asemptomatik ve semptomatik hastalar maternal ve perinatal sonuçlar açısından karşılaştırıldı.Toplamda, laboratuvar tarafından tanısı doğrulanmış 20 asemptomatik ve 41 semptomatik gebe vardı. Primer sezaryen oranı semptomatik grupta (%51,2) asemptomatik grubun (%20) iki katından fazlaydı (p=0,019). Her iki grup maternal [solunum desteği, COVID-19 ile ilgili tedavi, yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) yatış], perinatal (preterm doğum, preterm prematür erken membran rüptürü, preeklampsi, doğum şekli) ve yenidoğan sonuçları [doğum ağırlığı, Apgar skorları, yenidoğan YBÜ’ye (YYBÜ) yatış] açısından oldukça benzerdi. Asemptomatik grupta total sezaryen oranı (%75), semptomatik grupla (%83) istatistiksel olarak benzerdi (p=0,464). Asemptomatik grup (%54,2) ve semptomatik grup (%50) arasında YYBÜ’ye yatış oranları benzer izlendi (p=0,858). Ancak solunum sıkıntısı nedeniyle YYBÜ’ye yatış semptomatik grupta daha sık izlendi (p=0,032). Emzirme oranı asemptomatik gebelerde beklendiği gibi daha yüksek izlendi (p=0,015). Asemptomatik grupta ferritin düzeyi anlamlı olarak daha düşük izlendi (p=0,006).Bu çalışmada COVID-19 ile enfekte semptomatik gebelerde primer sezaryen oranının oldukça yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca toplam sezaryen oranı her iki grupta da son derece yüksekti. Çalışmada semptomatik hastalarda daha olumsuz sonuçlar beklememize rağmen, her iki grup arasında benzer maternal, perinatal ve neonatal sonuçlar izledik.

This study aimed to evaluate increasing cesarean delivery (CD) rates, their causes, and changes over the years in a Turkish tertiary center using the Robson Ten-Group Classification System (RTGCS).Data of deliveries involving birth weight of ≥500 g or ≥24 weeks of gestation period from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively collected and classified from the hospital digital record system using obstetric concepts and parameters described in the RTGCS.The overall CD rate for all births (69051) from 2013 to 2020 was 55.5%. Groups 3, 5, and 1 were the most represented groups (29.1%, 23.9%, and 19.4%, respectively). The major contributors to the overall CD rate were Groups 5, 2, and 10 (23.8%, 9.9%, and 5.6%, respectively). Groups 2 and 4 (nullipara, multipara, single cephalic at term) had high CD rates associated with high rates of pre-labor CD (88.9% and 73.3%, respectively). The CD rate was 99.7% in Group 5, which showed recurrent CD, and 67.2% in Group 10. The overall CD rate was 60.8% in 2020 owing to the significant increase in the contributions by Groups 5, 8, and 10. The most common indication for CD was previous CD (46.1%), fetal distress (13.2%), and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) (8%).Groups 1, 2, 5, and 10 were the major contributors to the overall CD rate at this tertiary center. To reduce overall CD rates, policies that reduce primary CD and support vaginal delivery after cesarean section should be established.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to design a patient-specific model to predict the location of epigastric vessels on the abdominal surface and to show clinicians safe areas before surgical intervention. Material and Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent color Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the deep epigastric vessel before gynecological laparoscopic surgery were recruited in the study. The deep epigastric vessels were identified at three equal levels between the xiphoid and umbilicus, and five equal levels between the umbilicus and the symphysis pubis. The distance between the epigastric vessels and the midline was measured bilaterally at each level. Linear mixed effect modeling was used to assess the anatomical location of the epigastric vessels. Results: The model with waist circumference term was found to be the model with best performance metric. This model included waist circumferences as a covariate, the region of the epigastric vessel as a categorical variable, and random effects for patients. The model that calculates the expected distance from the midline of the epigastric vessels for different regions and waist circumferences are presented as Distance to midline (cm) = 2.57 + Region A + Region B x Waist Circumference. Discussion and Conclusion: With the equation model, we proposed, the location of the epigastric vessels can be determined specifically for the patient and the abdominopelvic regions. This model can be a guide to prevent vascular injury.

Study Objective: This study aimed to determine the modifiable risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean section in adolescent pregnant patients. Design: Retrospective case-control study Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey Participants: Pregnant adolescents (

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes between Turkish citizens and Syrian refugees who applied to a tertiary center in Izmir. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographic characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes of 8103 Syrian refugee pregnant women and 47 151 Turkish citizen pregnant women between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively compared. Our primary aim was to compare the cesarean rates and obstetrical results between two groups and to decide antenatal care secondarily. RESULTS Syrian refugee pregnant women are statistically younger (p

This study of twin deliveries aimed to examine the effect of fetal sex and fetal sex of the co-twin on fetal anthropometry and length of gestation.Pregnancies were grouped as male/male, male/female, and female/female. Birth weight, head circumference, body length and delivery time of newborns were compared between unlike-sex and like-sex twin pregnancies.A total of 1028 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Of these pregnancies, 32.6% (n = 335) were male/male, 33.4% (n = 343) were male/female, and 34.0% (n = 350) were female/female. The discordant (male/female) newborns had a higher total birth weight than concordant twins (P = 0.015). Compared with male newborns from male/female twin pregnancies, male newborns from male/male pregnancies were found to be 129 grams heavier, 0.7 cm longer, and had a 0.4 cm larger head circumference (P0.001, P=0.023, and P = 0.039, respectively). Pregnancies with male/female fetuses had statistically significantly longer gestations than pregnancies with male/male and female/female fetuses (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004, respectively). The shortest mean gestation was observed in the male/male group. Male/male pregnancies had a 1.53 times higher risk of preterm delivery than male/female pregnancies and a 1.51 times higher risk than female/female pregnancies (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.07-2.19 and OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.06-2.16, respectively).This study suggests that, in twin pregnancies, birth weight, head circumference, and body length are affected by the sex of the co-twin. Male sex is associated with shorter gestation and male/male twin pregnancies are at higher risk for preterm labour.

This study aimed to develop sorafenib loaded magnetic microspheres for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesised and encapsulated in alginate microspheres together with an antineoplastic agent, sorafenib. In the study, firstly SPIONs were synthesised and characterised by dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, alginate-SPIONs microspheres were developed, and further characterised by electron spin resonance spectrometer and vibrating sample magnetometer. Besides the magnetic properties of SPIONs, alginate microspheres with SPIONs were also found to have magnetic properties. The potential use of microspheres in hyperthermia treatment was then investigated and an increase of about 4°C in the environment was found out. Drug release studies and cytotoxicity tests were performed after sorafenib was encapsulated into the magnetic microspheres. According to release studies, sorafenib has been released from microspheres for 8 h. Cytotoxicity tests showed that alginate-SPION-sorafenib microspheres were highly effective against cancerous cells and promising for cancer therapy.

Early diagnosis of cancer is the most important factor that increases the success of treatment. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic tools is a necessity. In this study, a new electrode surface was developed via modification of a disposable titanium electrode with anodic oxidation and coating of gold nanoparticle and chitosan. Titanium electrodes were anodized by several anodization parameters to obtain a nanoporous surface and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrodes anodized in optimum conditions were modified with gold nanoparticles and chitosan for enhancing conductivity and functionalizing the surface of electrode, respectively. To detect prostate specific antigen (PSA), anti-PSA was bound onto the functional electrode surface. Modified electrodes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry and used for chronoamperometric detection of PSA. Limit of detection (LOD) of the designed electrode was found to be 7.8 ng mL-1 for PSA in a linear range of 0 - 100 ng mL-1.

In this work, we developed a disposable amperometric sandwich-type immunoassay to detect prostate specific antigen (PSA). A self-assembled peptide nanotube (PNT), gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and polyaniline (PANI) composite (PANI/AuNP-PNT) were used to modify a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Anti-PSA (Ab1) was immobilized on the modified electrode (PANI/AuNP-PNT/PGE) to capture PSA. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled anti-PSA (HRP-Ab2) was used as a tracer antibody. The modified electrodes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). PSA concentration in phosphate buffer (pH=7.4) was determined with electro-catalytic reduction of H2O2 on the modified working electrode by using the chronoamperometric method. Limit of detection was found out to be 0.68ng/mL in a linear range of 1-100ng/mL with a high regression (R2=0.990). To show the practicality of the modified biosensor in real matrixes, it was successfully applied for the detection of PSA in blood serum samples. The proposed method was also compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compatible results were obtained. The developed immunoassay exhibited good reproducibility together with high stability and provides an efficient approach to detect PSA cost-effectively compared to traditional methods.

A novel, simple and sensitive fenitrothion (FT) s ensor was developed based on as-synthesized peptide nanotubes (PNTs) on modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE). This modified electrode (PNT/PGE) was characterized by SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The electrochemical response of the PNT/PGE was linearly proportional to the concentration of FT over the range of 0.114 μM to 1.712 μM with a lower detection limit of 0.0196 μM (S/N = 3). The sensor was also applied for the detection of fenitrothion in tap water. The recoveries for the spiked water samples were between 94.9 and 103.6%. The results mentioned above show that the novel electrochemical sensor is an ideal device for FT determination.

Self-assembly is a mechanism that creates novel nanomaterials with amplified properties but with stability challenges. In this report, highly stable and biocompatible anionic zwitterionic diphenylalanine nanoparticles (ZFFNPs), which are novel for the literature, are demonstrated. ZFF was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and self-assembled into nanoparticles in a self-assembly mechanism like that for diphenylalaninamide nanoparticles (FFANPs). Also, ZFFNPs were compared with FFANPs in aspects of morphology, surface charge, stability, and cytotoxicity. ZFFNPs demonstrate a spherical morphology and homogenicity like FFANPs, but while ZFFNPs have negative surface groups (carboxyl), FFANPs contain polar surface groups (amide). While ZFFNPs exhibit a high stability in extremely acidic environments (pH 3–5), AFFNPs show stability in a wide pH range (pH 4–10). Both NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible. These novel anionic ZFFNPs have great promise for potential utilization in biomedical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 135, 45930.

Objective: To investigate the effect of anemia on perinatal outcomes as preterm delivery (PTD) and low birth weight (LBW) in the different stages of pregnancy. Methods: Medical records of 39,587 Turkish pregnant women who delivered between January 2011 and September 2014 were reviewed. Anemia during pregnancy was defined as hemoglobin (Hb)< 11 g/dl, low birth weight was defined as birth weight 11 gr/dl). Perinatal outcomes were compared between these anemic and non-anemic groups. Results: The anemia prevalence in our study was 25.1%. In the first and second trimester of Hb

WOS: 000449135300025, This study reports the synthesis and application of new saponin (SAP)-loaded montmorillonite-human serum albumin (Mt-HSA) nanocomposites (NCs) as an anticancer drug delivery agent. When the biodegradable and biofriendly HSA was combined with Mt., which possesses excellent mucoadhesive properties, the resulting NCs could pass through the gastrointestinal barrier easily. SAP-Mt-HSA NCs were prepared by a modified desolvation technique in which ethanol and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as precipitating and crosslinking agents, respectively. The efficacy of these NCs was assessed in a colorectal cancer cell line (DLD-1) as an in-vitro gastrointestinal model and L929 fibroblast cells as a healthy cell model. The release profile of SAP and the cytotoxic effect and cellular uptake of NCs were evaluated. The results clearly demonstrated that SAP-Mt-HSA NCs can induce dose-dependent cancer cell death with little or no toxicity toward healthy cells.

Objective: To compare the obstetric outcomes of cesarean section in women who had a history of four or more previous cesarean sections with those who had a history of two or three previous cesarean sections. Methods: Total 1318 women who underwent repeat cesarean section between January 2013 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 244 (18.5%) had previously had four or more cesarean sections (multiple repeat cesarean section group) and 1074 (81.5%) had previously had two or three cesarean sections (control group). Demographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes were compared using the Independent t and chi-square tests. Results: The adhesion rate (p < 0.001), number of blood transfusion (p = 0.044), operation time (p = 0.012), length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and tubal ligation surgery (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in multiple repeat cesarean section group compared to control group. Conclusion: Although multiple repeat cesarean section are asscociated with adhesion occurrence, higher number of blood transfusion, increased operation time and length of hospital stay, there is no remarkable difference in serious morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean section.

In this study, peptide nanostructures from diphenylalanine were synthesized in various solvents with various polarities and characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) techniques. Formation of peptide nanofibrils, nanovesicles, nanoribbons, and nanotubes was observed in different solvent mediums. In order to investigate the effects of peptide nanotubes (PNT) on electrochemical behavior of disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGE), electrode surfaces were modified with fabricated peptide nanotubes. Electrochemical activity of the pencil graphite electrode was increased with the deposition of PNTs on the surface. The effects of the solvent type, the peptide nanotube concentration, and the passive adsorption time of peptide nanotubes on pencil graphite electrode were studied. For further electrochemical studies, electrodes were modified for 30 min by immobilizing PNTs, which were prepared in water at 6 mg/mL concentration. Vitamin B12 analyses were performed by the Square Wave (SW) voltammetry method using modified PGEs. The obtained data showed linearity over the range of 0.2 μM and 9.50 μM Vitamin B12 concentration with high sensitivity. Results showed that PNT modified PGEs were highly simple, fast, cost effective, and feasible for the electro-analytical determination of Vitamin B12 in real samples.

In this work, preparation and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube–chitosan (SWNT–chitosan) modified disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was carried out. Firstly, commercial single-walled carbon nanotube was purified and characterized using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX) for this purpose. Purified SWNT was mixed with chitosan polymer for preparing their composite. Then, PGE was modified with this composite. The characterization of the modified electrode was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical behaviour of the obtained electrode was investigated and compared with the electrochemical behaviour of chitosan modified and unmodified PGEs using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and alternative current (AC) impedance spectroscopy. In order to obtain more sensitive electrochemical signals, the effect of SWNT concentration was studied. This modified electrode also showed electrocatalytic effect for hydrogen evolution.

VURAL, TAYFUN/0000-0001-9504-5532 WOS: 000207944900011 PubMed: 19592038 Background. Despite the significant risk of infection, prosthetic graft materials have become indispensable for incisional hernia repair. Composite and lightweight grafts have been developed to overcome adhesion and rigidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro S. epidermidis and S. aureus adherence to these new generation grafts, which have modified composition and textile properties. Materials and Methods. In this experimental study, sterile samples of multifilament polypropylene, multifilament lightweight composite, monofilament composite, and monofilament polypropylene grafts were incubated with slime positive S. epidermidis and S. aureus strains for 24 h. The grafts were washed and vortexed in saline. The saline was passaged to blood agar and incubated for 24 h. The colonies were counted. Naive and incubated graft materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy to reveal both textile properties and biofilm formation. Physicochemical properties were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results. S. epidermidis showed a significantly decreased adherence to monofilament polypropylene graft, and increased adherence to multifilament polypropylene graft (P

Self-assembly of components into complex functional patterns at microscale is common in nature, and used increasingly in numerous disciplines such as optoelectronics, microfabrication, sensors, tissue engineering and computation. Here, we describe the use of stable radicals to guide the self-assembly of magnetically tunable gels, which we call 'magnetoceptive' materials at the scale of hundreds of microns to a millimeter, each can be programmed by shape and composition, into heterogeneous complex structures. Using paramagnetism of free radicals as a driving mechanism, complex heterogeneous structures are built in the magnetic field generated by permanent magnets. The overall magnetic signature of final structure is erased via an antioxidant vitamin E, subsequent to guided self-assembly. We demonstrate unique capabilities of radicals and antioxidants in fabrication of soft systems with heterogeneity in material properties, such as porosity, elastic modulus and mass density; then in bottom-up tissue engineering and finally, levitational and selective assembly of microcomponents.

The experience with portal vein thrombosis, an uncommon cause of portal hypertension complicating pregnancy is currently too brief to form definite conclusions regarding the management. The coexistence of the manifestations of portal hypertension as hypersplenism and esophageal varices together with Protein C and S deficiencies during pregnancy presents a real dilemma for diagnosis and management. We report the clinical follow-up of a 24-year-old woman in whom Protein C was detected in her two subsequent pregnancies besides portal vein thrombosis and discuss the changing levels of these proteins during pregnancy.

Hyperreactio luteinalis is a non-neoplastic tumor-like ovarian lesion associated with pregnancy. Most patients are asymptomatic, with the ovarian enlargement being incidentally discovered at the time of cesarean section. It can simulate a neoplasm on clinical, gross and sometimes microscopic examination. We report a case of hyperrreactio luteinalis in a patient, who was diagnosed as having polycystic ovary disease before conceiving a triplet pregnancy after three treatment cycles of human menopausal gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin therapy, and discuss its pathogenesis.

WOS: 000291218200006, PubMed: 21312003, Oxidative stress may produce high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following cell exposure to endogenous and exogenous factors. Recent experiments implicate oxidative stress as playing an essential role in cytotoxicity of many materials. The aim of this study was to measure intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of L929 fibroblasts cultured on PDLLA, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or ethylenediamine (EDA) grafted PDLLA by plasma polymerization method. Cell proliferation on these scaffolds was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The study showed that MDA, AOPP levels, and SOD activities in L929 fibroblast cells cultured on all scaffolds were significantly different compared to the control group and each other. The highest MDA (0.42 +/- 0.76 nmol/mg protein), AOPP (14.99 +/- 4.67 nmol/mg protein) levels, and SOD activities (7.49 +/- 3.74 U/mg protein) were observed in cells cultured on non-modified scaffolds; meanwhile, the most cell proliferation was obtained in EDA-modified scaffolds (MDA 0.15 +/- 0.14 nmol/mg protein, AOPP 13.12 +/- 3.86 nmol/mg protein, SOD 4.82 +/- 2.64 U/mg protein). According to our finding, EDA- or PEG-modified scaffolds are potentially useful as suitable biomaterials in tissue engineering.

A single walled carbon nanotube–chitosan (SWCNT–chitosan) modified disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was used in this study for the electrochemical detection of Vitamin B12. Electrochemical behaviors of SWCNT–chitosan PGE and chitosan modified PGE were compared by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. SWCNT–chitosan modified electrode was also used for the quantification of Vitamin B12 in pharmaceutical products. The results show that this electrode system is suitable for sensitive Vitamin B12 analysis giving good recovery results. The surface morphologies of the SWCNT–chitosan PGE, chitosan modified PGE and unmodified PGE were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Aim: This study evaluated shear bond strength between three all-ceramic systems to dentin using six different adhesives, of which three of them contain nanofillers. Materials and Methods: Ceramic discs were prepared from each of Ceramco, IPS Empress 2 and Copran Zr. Different dentin surfaces were prepared with adhesives. Adper Single Bond Plus, Nano-bond, Prime & Bond NT (PB), Excite Bond, One Step Plus, Opti Bond Solo Plus were applied to the conditioned dentin surfaces. Ceramic discs were luted to the dentin with resin cement. All specimens were kept in water at 37°C for 1-week and thermal cycled for 500 cycles in 5°C and 55°C. Shearing test was conducted, and statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). Fractured surfaces of each specimen were inspected with Scanning Electron Microscope. Furthermore, distribution of nanofillers into the nanofilled adhesives was examined by transmission electron microscope. Results: Significant differences were observed in bond strength values of the adhesives (P < 0.05). For each ceramic, PB showed the highest bond strength values. Failure mode was cohesive in nanofilled adhesives resin and mixed failure for the others. Nanofillers were aggregated in some areas for each nanofilled adhesive. Ceramco showed the highest bond strength values while Copran Zr showed the lowest. Conclusion: Nanofilled adhesive systems would suggest for good clinical performance together with all-ceramics system. Furthermore, felspathic ceramics is better than the other all-ceramics systems.