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AbstractAs a systematic review, this study addresses a gap in the literature by evaluating both the short-term and long-term outcomes of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate NAC’s impact on breast cancer patients’ surgical outcomes. We performed a comprehensive search of international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct, covering studies from 2000 to 2023, using carefully selected keywords. Our search strategy aimed to capture a wide variety of relevant studies. To ensure a structured and unbiased selection, we followed PRISMA guidelines throughout the process. We concentrated on identifying studies that reported on short-term outcomes, like surgical complications (e.g., operation time, blood loss), as well as long-term outcomes, including overall survival, tumor size reduction, metastasis rates, breast conservation surgery, and recurrence rates. The findings highlighted the benefits of NAC in terms of lower recurrence and metastasis rates. The results also emphasized the significance of considering tumor characteristics and nodal involvement for prognostication in this patient population. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of NAC on surgical outcomes in breast cancer patients, providing valuable insights for treatment planning and optimizing patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, the CuO/Co3O4NPs/PC/MXene nanostructure was prepared with a combination of annealed ZIF-67 and etched MXene (PC is porous carbon). Its structure, crystallinity, and morphology were identified by FTIR, XRD, and FE-SEM methods. After confirming the successful synthesis of the nanostructure, it was used in the photocatalytic degradation of the methyl orange (MO) pollutant under visible light irradiation. The effect of different parameters on the photo-degradation efficiency was studied to achieve the best efficiency. The results show a degradation efficiency of 99.6% for MO in optimal conditions, including the presence of 0.15 g/L of catalyst, an initial concentration of 14 mg/L, and a pH of 7 during 50 min. The rate of photocatalytic degradation of MO is based on the pseudo-first-order kinetic law, which was determined by the linear correlation constant greater than 0.9843 and the kinetic constant 0.14 min−1 by CuO/Co3O4NPs/PC/MXene nanostructure. Also, the photocatalytic behaviour of the three-component nanostructure consisting of CuO/Co3O4NPs/PC-MXene was better than that of Cu/Co/PC/MXene and Cu/ZIF-67/MXene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the use of 18F-2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET/MRI (Positron emission tomography-computed tomography) in predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer (BC) compared to the use of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) alone. Methods: We searched numerous databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct, using curated keywords. The variance of each study was determined using the binomial distribution, and STATA version 14 was used to analyze the data by performing random-effect models. Additionally, we calculated study heterogeneity using the chi-squared test and I2 index and utilized funnel plots and Egger tests to assess publication bias. Results: The current investigation analyzed 239 patients from six published studies. The pooled estimated sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET/MRI was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.90 to 0.92, I2 = 100% and P = 0.000) and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.53 to 0.72, I2 = 99.8% and P = 0.000), respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.78 (95%CI = 0.59 to 0.96, I2 = 100% and P = 0.000) and 0.56 (95%CI = 0.33 to 0.80, I2 = 99.8% and P = 0.000), respectively. Conclusions: Based on our findings, the combined form of 18F-FDG PET/MRI imaging is more sensitive and specific than MRI alone for predicting response to NAC in BC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & aim: Hemodialysis significantly alters the daily life and health of patients with kidney failure, impacting their quality of life and sleep. This study aimed to assess the impact of an easy exercise regimen on hemodialysis outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional interventional study utilized a pre-post design involving 42 hemodialysis patients selected via census. Demographic data were recorded, and baseline assessments of quality of life and sleep quality were conducted using the Kidney Patients Quality of Life Questionnaire (KDQOL-SFTM) and the Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Questionnaire, respectively. Additional measures included KT/V and biochemical tests. Participants engaged in the Easy Workout program three times per week during dialysis sessions over a 12-week period, after which post-intervention assessments were conducted. Results: After the interventions, the sleep quality of the patients increased significantly (P<0.001). The adequacy of dialysis compared to before the intervention showed a statistically significant increase (P = 0.039). The general dimension and the specific dimension of the quality of life of the patients increased significantly after the interventions (P<0.001). Conclusion: Easy exercises during hemodialysis improve sleep quality, quality of life and dialysis adequacy of hemodialysis patients. It is suggested to use easy exercises to improve the health status of patients during hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel easy‐to‐use similarity technique for spatial fractional partial differential equations is introduced to solve the flow and heat transfer of fractional viscoelastic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid over a permeable stretching sheet. The proposed method represents a new technique for deriving similarity transformations, which allows the conversion of the fractional partial differential equations to fractional ordinary differential equations. Moreover, using the Grünwald–Letnikov formula, the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method is adopted here to solve the obtained similarity equations, using the shooting method. The transformed governing equations were found to be dependent on six physical parameters, namely, fractional parameter, magnetic field parameter, generalized local Reynolds number, generalized Prandtl number, the wall suction/injection parameter, and the wall stretching exponential. The results reveal that maximums of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are obtained for fractional‐order derivative of about 0.5. Moreover, application of a magnetic field on electrically conducting fractional fluid thins the velocity boundary layer and thickens the thermal boundary layer; therefore, the skin friction coefficient increases whereas the local Nusselt number decreases. Furthermore, an increase in any parameters of the local Reynolds number, suction parameter, or the wall stretching exponential leads to thinner boundary layers and higher values of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number, whereas imposing injection has opposite effects. Finally, increasing the generalized Prandtl number leads to a thinner thermal boundary layer and higher local Nusselt number for the fractional viscoelastic fluid. It would be of interest to extend the proposed method to other practical problems in the same field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CC) is one of the most important causes of death due to cancer in the world. The association of blood groups with CC in many races has been reported in previous studies. So far, no study has evaluated the relationship between blood group type, tumor location, and polyp type. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the association of the ABO blood group and CC, tumor location, and polyp type. Methods: In this case-control study, 802 subjects (401 cases and 401 controls), who underwent surgery at our medical centers between 2014 and 2021, were included. The case group was selected from the hospital records of patients with CC, and the controls were selected from non-cancer patients who were admitted to the same centers for reasons other than cancer. Patients' demographic characteristics and clinical and pathology findings were extracted from the medical profile, and blood group information was extracted from the blood bank. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for the predictive variables of CC. Results: The risk of CC inpatients with blood type A was significantly higher than non-A. While the risk of developing CC inpatients with blood type O was significantly lower than non-O O. The risk of developing neoplastic polyps was significantly higher in patients with blood type A compared to non-A. The results of multivariate analysis showed that ABO blood type A(OR Adju: 1.66) and O (OR Adju: 0.78) and neoplastic polyp type (OR Adju: 1.36) were associated with CC. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that ABO blood group type was significantly related to CC and polyp type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB)malignancies are a relatively rare but important type of cancerwith usually poor prognosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving the patient's outcome. For this issue, acknowledgment of epidemiological characteristics is helpful. Objectives: In this study, the epidemiological characteristics of cases with HPB sarcoma among Iranian patients were assessed. Methods: In this epidemiological study, 133 consecutive caseswithHPB sarcoma in Iran from2010 to 2014were evaluated, including gallbladder, pancreas, hepatic, pancreatic body and head, and other biliary tumors. Results: Nine gallbladder sarcoma cases were reported between 2010 and 2014, accounting for 6.7% of all HPB sarcoma cases, and leiomyosarcomawas themost common. Atotal of 16patients of pancreatic originwere reportedduring thisperiod,withthehighest rate of 6 cases in 2011; in this sarcoma category,malignant type spindle cell tumor was themost common type accounting for 12.5% of all cases. Ninety-five cases of liver sarcomas were reported generally. Non-specified and desmoplastic small round cell tumors were themost common types. Five cases of pancreatic head sarcomas were reported during 2010 - 2013. There was no predominant tumor type. Five cases of pancreatic head sarcoma were reported during 2010 - 2013. There was no dominant tumor type. About the other biliary tract sites, six patients were reported. Gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma was themost common type. Conclusions: Hepatopancreatobiliary sarcoma in the Iranian population generally has diverse types, and there are different patterns according to the age and sex distribution in patients according to the initial location of the tumor and also their pathological subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical education is socially responsible for a global educational movement that transforms the development and presentation of medical schools in higher education. Therefore, in the present systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the impact of socially accountable health professional education. Published research articles were reviewed by searching the relevant terms invalid databases. In the initial search, 2340 records were obtained. At this stage, 1482 records were deleted due to duplication, and 773 records were removed due to indirect connection with the subject. Then, 85 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Finally, the complete review led to the selection of nine studies that met all inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the present systematic review, among the nine reviewed articles, four studies (44.44%) evaluated the effectiveness of social accountability on increasing the sense of empowerment, self-confidence, competencies such as teamwork, communication skills, and readiness for work. Three studies (33.333%) assessed the effectiveness of social accountability on providing further and better medical services and reducing infant mortality. Also, in two articles (22.22%), students' lack of knowledge about social accountability was studied. Social accountability can help cultivate a healthy and skilled medical workforce and be effective in improving health services provided to the people. On the other hand, there are different perceptions and views on what social responsibility really is and how its effectiveness can be measured. Also, it is highly important to provide awareness in this regard for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]