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IntroductionValid and reliable scores from measurement tools to test competency in basic manual wheelchair-service-provision are needed to promote good practice and support capacity building. The International Society of Wheelchair Professionals' (ISWP) Basic Test Version 1 in English, launched in 2015, is the most frequently used outcome measure tool to test basic manual wheelchair-service-provision knowledge and is part of an international certification process. Despite the wide acceptance and use of the test, its psychometric properties have not yet been established. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the test's psychometric properties, 2) to develop the test's Version 2, and 3) to evaluate the content validity of the new version.MethodsFor Objective 1, methods from the Classical Test Theory were used to obtain items' difficulty, item discrimination index and domains' reliability. For Objective 2, a team of experts in wheelchair service delivery and education conducted a systematic qualitative review of the questions' text and answers and updated them using evidence-based guidelines. For Objective 3, an external team reviewed the clarity, relevance and domain allocation of the developed items using a 4-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and characterize the results for each objective. Item-content (I-CVI) and Scale-content (S-CVI) validity indexes were calculated to compute content validity.ResultsFor Objective 1, all domains in the test were below the threshold for acceptable internal consistency reliability; 80% of the total test pool (116 items from the total pool of 145) did not meet the thresholds for item difficulty and index of discrimination suggested in the literature. Of the items in the Test, 78% could be responded to intuitively and 66% did not distinguish between test-takers who were knowledgeable in the content area and those who were not. For Objective 2, experts found concerns such as items being grouped in the wrong domain, being repeated, not using person-first language, and using terms inconsistently. Thirty-four (23.4%) items were dropped and 111 (76.5%) were updated. In addition, 61 new items were developed. Members re-categorized the items and proposed a new classification of subdomains. For Objective 3, good agreement between subject-matter experts was found; the S-CVI calculated using the I-CVIs related to item clarity was 84% while using the I-CVIs related to item relevance was 98%. Only 7 items (4.1%) were deemed to be in the wrong domain and 4 items (2.3%) were considered irrelevant and dropped.ConclusionThe psychometric evidence in support of ISWP Basic Test Version 1 in English is suboptimal. A new set of items developed by experts in the field has shown excellent content validity. Ongoing assessments will be needed as ISWP Basic Test Version 2 is implemented and monitored.

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We sought to identify opportunities, challenges, contemporary initiatives and strategies for preparing entry-level practitioners who are competent at the basic level of wheelchair service provision across four key international professional rehabilitation organisations as revealed by their educational standards, relevant guidelines and policy statements, and other publicly available information. A rapid review was conducted in 2021 from the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM), the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), World Physiotherapy, and the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). Additional grey-literature and grey-data searches were conducted to identify contemporary initiatives that may support competency development in wheelchair service provision. A total of 17 standards, guidelines, and policy statement documents were selected for detailed review. Each of the four organisations published at least one document containing language relating to wheelchair service provision. Twelve contemporary initiatives relating to wheelchair service provision were identified from the grey literature across the four organisations. Six additional initiatives were identified from the organisations' social media accounts. Themes emerged in the areas of contemporary content, opportunities, and challenges. Global standardisation could help harmonise professional societies' approach to training wheelchair service providers. There is a need to provide more descriptive content on wheelchair service provision in education and service standards and related documents to influence what is taught in professional rehabilitation programs that are accredited or approved by professional rehabilitation organisations. The organisations' networks are vast and may also help to promote additional continuing education in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design:This was a prospective cross-sectional study for people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).Objectives:To (1) evaluate the intensity level and nature of physical activity in community-dwelling individuals living with SCI, and (2) explore the relation between descriptive individual variables (for example, lesion level), secondary complications and participation in physical activity.Setting:Urban community setting.Methods:A total of 49 subjects with SCI who used a manual wheelchair for primary mode of mobility (mean years since injury, 11.8; mean age, 43.7 years; 67% paraplegia) completed the physical activity recall assessment for people with SCI (PARA-SCI).Results:Approximately 50% of reported physical activity among individuals with SCI is due to activities of daily living. The amount of physical activity was not related to lesion level, age, body mass index or waistline size. Greater heavy-intensity activity was related to lower levels of pain and fatigue and higher levels of self-efficacy, whereas higher amounts of mild-intensity activity and total activity were related to less depressive symptoms.Conclusions:Activities of daily living are a large component for physical activity among individuals with SCI. It appears that greater physical activity is associated with less secondary complications (pain, fatigue and depression) in individuals with SCI.Spinal Cord (2009) 47, 301–306; doi:10.1038/sc.2008.120; published online 21 October 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPeat is an unrenewable resource. Compost can partially replace peat in the growing seedling substrates due to its high electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), and pH. This study aimed to assess the potential of substituting peat for seedling substrate with compost made from a mixture of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. Four compost piles (C1–C4) were constructed as follows: C1: a 1:1:1.5 weight ratio mixture of filter mud, mushroom waste, and date-palm fronds, while C2–C4: a 0.5:1 weight ratio mixture of either bagasse, cutting grassland, or date-palm fronds and cattle dung. After four months of decomposition, the compost’s physical, chemical, and biological properties were estimated in comparison to commercial compost (CC), peatmoss (PM), and their ideal ranges (IR) for seed germination and seedling growth. Composts differed significantly in their physical and chemical properties. Some composts revealed property values within the IR. In comparison to PM, Composts have a lower C/N ratio and organic matter, along with higher BD, EC, and pH. Cattle manure enhanced organic matter and carbon, total nitrogen and potassium, and ammonium levels, and reduced ash levels in C2–C4 compared to filter mud in C1. In winter 2018 and 2019, C1–C4 substrates were compared with CC and PM substrates to determine their suitability for producing crisp lettuce ‘Big Bell’ seedlings under plastic-house conditions. Substrates had significant effects on lettuce seedling traits. Shoots of C2–C4 substrate seedlings grew more rapidly than those of other substrate seedlings due to the increased length and diameter of their stem and leaf area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study for people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI)., Objectives: To (1) evaluate the intensity level and nature of physical activity in community-dwelling individuals living with SCI, and (2) explore the relation between descriptive individual variables (for example, lesion level), secondary complications and participation in physical activity., Setting: Urban community setting., Methods: A total of 49 subjects with SCI who used a manual wheelchair for primary mode of mobility (mean years since injury, 11.8; mean age, 43.7 years; 67% paraplegia) completed the physical activity recall assessment for people with SCI (PARA-SCI)., Results: Approximately 50% of reported physical activity among individuals with SCI is due to activities of daily living. The amount of physical activity was not related to lesion level, age, body mass index or waistline size. Greater heavy-intensity activity was related to lower levels of pain and fatigue and higher levels of self-efficacy, whereas higher amounts of mild-intensity activity and total activity were related to less depressive symptoms., Conclusions: Activities of daily living are a large component for physical activity among individuals with SCI. It appears that greater physical activity is associated with less secondary complications (pain, fatigue and depression) in individuals with SCI.