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The objective of our study is to examine the influence of combined performance measurement systems (PMS), which include both subjective evaluation and objective measures, on the willingness of employees to share knowledge. Additionally, our study investigates another variable which may influence subjective judgments of employee performance, namely supervisor trustworthiness. We argue that incorporating subjective evaluations into a performance measurement system will have little effect on knowledge-sharing behavior unless the supervisor is considered trustworthy enough to evaluate such behavior. Using a 2x2 between-subjects experiment design with 73 undergraduate students who act as employees as subjects, the result of this study shows that including subjective evaluation in a PMS encourages the willingness to share knowledge more than only using objective measures. This study also shows that supervisor trustworthiness alone can encourage a willingness to share knowledge. Furthermore, the combination of PMS which include subjective and objective measures and high supervisor trustworthiness has a significant impact on increasing the willingness to share knowledge.

Pelatihan pembuatan website menggunakan Google Sites di SMKN 7 Luwu Utara merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. Dalam era digital yang semakin maju, keterampilan dalam pembuatan dan pengelolaan website menjadi penting untuk berkomunikasi dan membangun kehadiran online yang relevan. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar siswa menghadapi kendala dalam akses terhadap teknologi, kurangnya pelatihan khusus, dan kekurangan pengetahuan yang mendalam tentang teknologi informasi. Oleh karena itu, pelatihan ini dirancang untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memperoleh keterampilan yang relevan dengan kebutuhan industri, terutama dalam konteks pembelajaran langsung di dunia kerja. Melalui metode pelatihan yang inklusif dan interaktif, para siswa dipandu untuk memahami langkah-langkah dalam membuat website menggunakan Google Sites. Meskipun beberapa siswa absen, ketercapaian target jumlah peserta pelatihan mencapai lebih dari 90%, menunjukkan antusiasme dan komitmen siswa terhadap pelatihan. Hasil pelatihan ini sangat memuaskan, di mana para peserta berhasil memahami materi dan menguasai fitur-fitur dasar dalam pembuatan website. Para siswa juga menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan dan kreativitas dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi secara produktif. Diharapkan, pelatihan ini tidak hanya memberikan manfaat bagi siswa secara individu, tetapi juga berkontribusi pada kemajuan sekolah dan masyarakat sekitarnya dengan meningkatkan keterampilan dalam teknologi informasi yang menjadi sangat penting dalam era digital ini. Dengan demikian, upaya untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala yang ada dan meningkatkan kualitas pelatihan dalam bidang teknologi informasi di SMKN 7 Luwu Utara akan memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi masa depan karir para lulusan SMK.

Wastafel merupakan salah satu alat penting yang berfungsi sebagai tempat cuci tangan, piring dan keperluan lainnya, dalam penelitian ini wastafel yang difungsikan sebagai tempat cuci tangan dengan menggunakan sensor ultrasonic dan menggunakan aplikasi blynk dan cloud untuk melakukan monitoring. Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini bagaimana cara mencuci tangan secara otomatis untuk menjaga kebersihan tangan sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan penyebaran virus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini membuat sistem pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 atau Omicron dilingkungan Jurusan Informatika Universitas Malikussaleh dengan menggunakan wastafel cuci tangan berbasis Internet of Things. Penerapan sistem wastafel berbasis aplikasi blynk dan cloud untuk memonitoring air sabun. Inovasi penelitian ini dengan membuat sebuah alat monitoring air sabun pada wastafel berbasis aplikasi blynk dan cloud dengan menggunakan mikrocontroller wemos D1R1 atau esp8266 dan Arduino uno. Kondisi cairan air sabun dengan rentang nilai 3 cm sampai dengan 30 cm, pengurangan air akan terpantau ketinggian air sabun disetiap besaran pengurangan serta memberikan peringatan jika cairan air sabun hampir habis berdasarkan deteksi objek sensor ultrasonik. Hasil pengujian sensor ultrasonik bisa bekerja dengan baik dalam penelitian ini, berdasarkan hasil uji sensor sabun mendeteksi jarak objek dengan jarak sensor 20 cm sampai dengan 3 cm pompa sabun baru hidup, adapun sensor air mendeteksi jarak objek dari 20 cm sampai dengan 3 cm pompa air akan hidup dan sensor ketiga (air sabun) yang berfungsi untuk monitoring cairan air sabun dari 3 cm sampai dengan 30 cm, selanjutnya data akan dikirim ke aplikasi blynk dan cloud secara realtime. Sistem Aplikasi wastafel ini dapat diaplikasikan pada Jurusan Informatika Universitas Malikussaleh dengan persentase keberhasilan mencapai 90%.

Current technological advancements make it easier for users to do their work effectively and efficiently, including the use of wireless networks to exchange data via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and video conferencing services (VCS). A Mobile AdHoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network technology that applies a dynamic set of nodes. Data transmission on the MANET does not require the use of devices such as base stations. Because each node on the MANET can act as a router in determining the direction of the data sent, the number of nodes in the MANET will influence the quality of the data sent. Using the OPNET Modeler simulator, this paper shows how to assess the quality of FTP and VCS based on delay, jitter, and packet loss parameters. The simulation scenario employs five, fifteen, and thirty nodes with low, medium, and high traffic loads, using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. According to the measurement results, the FTP service with the bad category is the packet loss parameter in high traffic loads, which has the highest packet loss value of 56.6 percent with 15 nodes. In contrast, “good" results for VCS are only produced on the delay parameter. The jitter increases with the number of nodes, and it is 5 in this case. In all scenarios, the packet loss parameter yields poor results, with the highest packet loss value approaching 100%.

Dokumentasi kearifan lokal masyarakat adat dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya tumbuhan akan sangat membantu menjaga kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati dan usaha domestikasi tanaman obat yang bernilai penting. Etnobotani tidak hanya digunakan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan tumbuhan, tetapi mengkaji keterkaitan antara masyarakat dengan lingkungan dalam bentuk kearifan lokal. Kearifan lokal adalah aset penting dalam mencapai target keanekaragaman hayati, pengetahuan dan praktik tradisional yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat adat, juga menjadi kunci mencegah kerusakan keanekaragaman hayati dan mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Tanaman obat memberikan kontribusi penting buat kehidupan banyak orang hubungannya dengan kesehatan dan identitas budaya. Kearifan lokal masyarakat adat kesultanan Ternate di kelurahan Foramadiahi dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya alam, khususnya tumbuhan obat yang berpotensi hilang. hal demikian disebabkan karena kearifan masyarakat adat Foramadiahi tidak diperoleh melalui tulisan sehingga tidak diketahui oleh masyarakat pada umumnya. Berdasarkan fakta yang telah disampaikan maka perlu dilakukan dokumentasi secara tertulis terkait dengan pengetahuan etnobotani masyarakat adat kesultanan Ternate di kelurahan Foramadiahi yang dituangkan dalam bentuk bahan ajar berupa modul berbasis kearifan lokal. Ada juga fakta lain yang menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa kurang memiliki pengetahuan tentang etnobotani tumbuhan obat yang sesuai dengan kearifan lokal masyarakat adat yang berada di wilayah tersebut. hal ini disebabkan karena masih kurangnya bahan ajar etnobotani yang dapat diakses oleh mahasiswa. Selain itu, studi tentang etnobotani tumbuhan obat sangat penting untuk dilakukan, sehingga kearifan masyarakat lokal dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tidak hilang. Hasil penelitian di desa adat Foramadiahi ditemukan 20 jenis tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat maupun masyarakat disekitarnya. Tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional ada yang dimanfaatkan secara sendiri ada juga yang dicampurkan

Technology brings about changes in all aspects of life, including in business and trade. One of the technologies are presented in business is e-commerce. E-commerce will provide benefits for business actors if utilized optimally, especially for small and medium businesses. This study analyzes the impact of e-commerce implementation efforts to consolidate the competitiveness of small industries in Ogan Ilir Regency. The data used is primary data taken directly by making observations and interviews. Techniques in data retrieval using simple random sampling techniques. The data obtained will be analyzed using statistical analysis and comparative approaches. The results of this study show that the implementation of e-commerce business will have a higher competitiveness index, greater amount of revenue and profit, and more total production, or it can be said that higher productivity than small micro businesses prevent those who have not used ecommerce in their business.

Tambak udang vaname merupakan salah satu budidaya petambak di Aceh. Tambak udang vaname telah membantu ekonomi masyarakat dengan hasil yang melimpah. Namun hasil tersebut harus berkualitas agar tetap bernilai ekonomis. Salah satu penentu kualitas hasil tambak adalah air, yang dapat dinilai dengan pH air. Nilai pH air wajib dikontrol dan dicatat dengan mudah. Oleh karena itu, sebuah alat pemantau pH air berbasis internet of things dapat membantu petambak dalam memonitoring kualitas air secara real-time dan tercatat. Penelitian ini merancang dan membuat alat pemantau pH air dengan sensor pH-E4502C dihubungkan dengan Arduino Uno serta Raspberry Pi. Akses terhadap data sensor menggunakan antarmuka aplikasi pesan instan Telegram melalui chatbot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sensor E4502C, Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi, dan Telegram dapat menjadi solusi aplikasi IoT bagi sektor pertambakan.

The live forensics method was used to acquire lawful digital evidence data from device memory in the WhatsApp application, particularly for desktop-based WhatsApp. There has been little research on live forensics on desktop-based WhatsApp applications. These studies involve mimicking crime cases in cyberspace using the Instant Messenger application. Much of the acquisition process is completed only once, even though many possible conditions may arise during the purchase process. Investigators or experts can employ digital evidence data discovery to identify crimes that have occurred. The stages of research in detecting digital evidence are data collecting, the examination process, and the acquisition of analysis and reporting outcomes. During the data-gathering phase, a case simulation dataset was obtained. The examination process stage results in the integrity of the duplicated data; data reduction is performed on data related to fundamental operating system components, influential application features, and incomplete data. According to the investigation findings, there are difficulties in looking for digital evidence, and the features of each digital evidence vary. The simulation file contained many reports on the finds of digital evidence. As a data acquisition method, the characteristics of live forensics are limited to the data retrieval process in RAM. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the data collection and examination processing were completed effectively. The analysis results were acquired, and the report was presented with the indicated digital evidence. Further study can be paired with chip-off procedures on RAM devices for data recovery.

Cooperatives are business entities consisting of individuals or cooperative legal entities based on their activities based on cooperative principles as well as people's economic movements based on kinship. Based on data from the Department of Cooperatives and MSMEs, in 2020 there were around 32 cooperatives registered and scattered in several areas in Jember. The task of the Cooperative Service is to ensure the implementation of regional affairs tasks in the field of micro, small and medium enterprises cooperatives based on the principle of autonomy and assistance tasks. A Financial Information System is needed for the Jember Cooperative Office as an effort to improve better services by improving the monitoring and evaluation governance of each cooperative and business in Jember district. in English with a distance between sentences of 1 space and the number of words between 150-250. The abstract should contain introductions, methods, results and discussions and conclusions (without citation). Avoid using citations in the abstract.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the quality of fermented milk produced using intestinal-origin lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starters. Fermentation was performed on pasteurised cow milk added with skim milk, constituting a total solid 18%, using a separate single starter of Lactobacillus casei strain AP, Lactobacillus casei strain AG, and Pediococcus acidilactici strain BE. The parameters observed were pH and acidity; nutritional quality, including protein, fat, and lactose content; product's viscosity; and total LAB count. The results showed that the different starter cultures employed did not affect the pH, acidity, fat and lactose contents of the products. The LAB starters affected protein contents and the viscosity of the fermented products. The highest score of viscosity (4.035,66±109.69 cP) was observed in fermented products using Lactobacillus casei strain AP as a starter, followed by products obtained using Pediococcus acidilactici strain BE (3.109,00±40.00 cP) and Lactobacillus casei strain AG (3.052,33±15.27 cP) as starters. Lactose and fat contents, acidity and pH, and total LAB count were not significantly different among fermented products. The average of the total LAB count was not different among products; however, the total LAB count increased during fermentation from 6.98±1.00 log10 CFU/ml to 8.15±0.61 log10 CFU/ml. In conclusion, the use of three strains of human-origin LAB as starters for dairy fermentation partially affected the physicochemical quality of the products, but not the microbiological qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceh is noted to have extensive waqf land spread over 16,560 districts and cities with an area of ​​8,902.33 ha. Unfortunately, Aceh's waqf resources are relatively passive and have not been utilized optimally. Aceh even ranks as the poorest province in Sumatra, according to a release issued by BPS in 2020. Various waqf problems make the existing potential not adequately managed, even though if optimized, the benefits will be huge for the people of Aceh. For this reason, this study aims to investigate further waqf in Aceh Province so that it can be more optimal in its management and help improve the economy of the Acehnese people. This study uses a qualitative method where the data comes from a literature study obtained from good books, journals, articles, and websites. The results of this study indicate that the optimization of waqf in Aceh can work if stakeholders can improve overall community literacy, certify waqf land, provide guidance to waqf nadzir and make institutional improvements. With the advancement of these four things, it is believed that the potential of waqf in Aceh can be optimized and more productive to bring economic change to the people of Aceh.

The problem of global warming due to environmental pollution has made it necessary for companies to be widely accountable to society about their performance. Therefore, today companies must not only report on the financial performance, but also report on all non-financial aspects of their activities, such as social and environmental. Sustainability reporting enables companies to report on environmental and social performance. It is not just report generation from collected data; instead it is a method to internalize and improve an company’s commitment to sustainable development in a way that can be demonstrated to both internal and external stakeholders. The study examines the factors influencing the company's financial performance through sustainability reporting in mining sector companies in Indonesia. The object of the study is a sample of 6 mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. In this study, the authors use the Path Analysis – a form of multiple regression statistical analysis that is used to evaluate causal models by examining the relationships between a dependent variable and two or more independent variables. The study results show that sustainability reporting has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of mining companies.In particular, the results of the analysis show that the company size and its liquidity have a positive and significant effect on the sustainability reporting. Leverage has a negative and significant effect on sustainability reporting. At the same time, the factors disclosed in the sustainability reporting have a significant impact on the financial performance of the companies. The results of this study can be useful for management personnel in the process of preparing a sustainability report by companies that want to attract the attention of investors.

One very rapid change in computer networks is the use of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to access systems both locally and the internet. One way to add an Access Point (AP) so as not to change the configuration of the running software is use the Wireless Distribution System Mesh (WDS) network. The use of WDS mesh at Universitas Muhammmadiyah Jember (UM Jember) enables a slightly different wireless configuration to reduce the connection loss in the user due to the wireless network area coverage. One step is use AP devices into one unit to handle the case of a connection break by utilizing a network service that is WDS Mesh. WDS Mesh can cover Wi-Fi areas at UM Jember, and the results of testing and analysis of client devices for APs that have been configured WDS Mesh with parameters Signal Strength, CCQ, Signal to Noise Ratio Ratio, Throughput is Excellent.

This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of soursop flower extract (Annona muricata L.) and hematological profile of rats (Rattus norvegicus) due to administration of soursop flower ethanol extract and Salmonella enteritidis infection. The concentrations of soursop flower ethanol extract used for the antibacterial activity test were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, with the antibiotic ampicillin 10 μg/disk was used s a positive control (PC) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 10% as a negative control (NC). For examination of hematological features, 15 male rat aged two months were used. All rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, each consisting of three rats. The NC group was not given soursop flower ethanol extract and S. enteritidis infection. The PC group was not given soursop flower extract but was given S. enteritidis infection. Groups P1, P2, and P3 were given ethanol extracts of soursop flower at a dose of 0.18, 0.36, and 0.72 g/rat/day peroral for a week using gastric sonde. On the following day (after administration of soursop flower extract) the first blood drawing was performed. All rats, except NC group, were then infected with S. enteritidis intraperitonially at dose of 3x108 CFU/mL dose (0.5 mL McFarland). One week after being infected with S. enteritidis, a second blood drawing was performed. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that there was no antibacterial activity was observed since no inhibition at various concentrations was formed. The administration of soursop flower extract at various dosage levels was able to maintain the number of leukocytes but reduced the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and the number of platelets in rats; whereas S. enteritidis infection decreased all the hematologic features of lab rats.

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of financial performance and environmental costs on environmental performance. In this study, the financial performance is calculated by the liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, and profitability ratio. Liquidity ratios are represented in the current ratio (CR) and the quick ratio (QR). Then, in this study, the leverage ratio is represented in debt to asset ratio (DAR) and the debt to equity ratio (DER). Profitability ratios in this study are represented in net profit margin (NET), the return of investment (ROI), and the return of equity (ROE). The environmental costs in this study were calculated using the rehabilitation provision, reclamation, and mining closure divided by earnings after tax (EAT). The environmental performance was calculated based on the results of the PROPER rating issued by the Environmental Ministry. This study uses secondary data. Itmeans that the researchers obtain data by accessing financial statements and annual reports of company objects.It collects on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website and the official website of each company. This study uses a panel data regression technique that combines cross-section and time-series data. Therefore, the results showed that the liquidity ratio in financial performance and leverage ratio in financial performance affect environmental performance. In contrast, theprofitability ratios in financial performance and environmental costs do not affect environmental performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of zakat accounting on public accountability of BAZNAS and LAZ in South Sumatra Province with the methodology used was descriptive using a questionnaire. While the data analysis used is simple linear regression analysis. So from this study it can be seen that the accounting for zakat influences the accountability of BAZNAS and LAZ in South Sumatra Province by 73.9%, then based on the results of the study it is known that the tendency of zakat accounting carried out by zakat institutions in South Sumatra Province has unfavorable criteria of 3 institutions or 10%, 2 institutions are quite good criteria, 5 institutions with good criteria and with very good criteria are 66.6% or as many as 20 amil zakat institutions.

Pendahuluan. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) mulai banyak digunakan dalam mengevaluasi status nutrisi. Belum ada data penelitian nutrisi di Indonesia yang menggunakan BIA. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata hasil pemeriksaan BIA antara status nutrisi baik dan malnutrisi pada penderita penyakit gastrointestinal dan hati yang dirawat inap. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang retrospektif terhadap penderita yang dirawat inap di ruang perawatan interna RSCM periode 1 Juni-31 Desember 2013, untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata hasil pemeriksaan BIA penderita status nutrisi baik dan malnutrisi pada penyakit gastrointestinal dan hati yang dirawat inap. Hasil. Dari 28 penderita dengan status nutrisi baik, 71,57% laki-laki, dan 21,47% wanita. Dari 28 penderita malnutrisi, 53,60% laki-laki, dan 46,40% wanita. Rerata hasil pemeriksaan BIA antara penderita nutrisi baik dan malnutrisi adalah: lean body mass, 49,5 ± 8,59 v s39,68 ± 6,28kg, p

Polymers with hemiacetal esters integrated in their backbone provide beneficial degradation profiles for (immuno-) drug delivery. However, their fast hydrolysis and low drug loading capacity have limited their applications so far. Therefore, this study focuses on the stability and loading capacity of hemiacetal ester polymers. The hydrophobicity of the micellar core has a tremendous effect on the hemiacetal ester stability. For that purpose, we introduce a new monomer with a phenyl moiety for stabilizing the micellar core and improving drug loading. The carrier functionality can further be expanded by post-polymerization modifications via activated ester groups at the polymer chain end. This allows for covalent dye labeling, which provides substantial insights into the polymers' in vitro performance. Flow cytometric analyses on RAW dual macrophages revealed intact micelles exhibiting significantly higher cellular uptake compared to degraded species, thus, highlighting the potential of end group functionalized poly(hemiacetal ester)s for (immuno)drug delivery purposes.

Polio vaccine hesitancy remains high in Pakistan due to various socio-political, religious, and economic factors. To address this, the government of Pakistan and its international partners such as UNICEF have devised a multipronged communication strategy to counter resistance to polio vaccine in hard-to-reach areas of the country. In this strategy, mainstream news media has been identified as a key stakeholder, as they have the potential to reach a wide range of population and disseminate easy to understand messages including both visuals and text. However, less scholarly attention has been paid to how mainstream news media in Pakistan frame polio and polio vaccine in their visuals. This study aims to fill this gap. Using visual framing as a theoretical framework, we analyzed 115 images from three selected newspapers published from 2010 to 2022. Our results suggest that the newspapers depicted hard-to-reach areas in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province which were more affected by polio and highlighted the criminality and securitization of polio vaccine in the country. In addition, female polio healthcare workers, who are instrumental in eradicating the disease, have been given marginal coverage, reflecting the importance of gender sensitivity in the region. Overall, this study contributes to the fields of visual communication, health communication, and international communication, particularly related to the Global South.

Application of pear twig derived biochar and nitrogen fertilizer is strategic for addressing the challenges posed by copper pollution in soils. Their combined use aims to improve plant health and promote sustainable agricultural practices, which leads to better potato growth and quality. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of pear twig biochar (B 0 :0, B 1 :3, B 2 :5, B 3 :7% w/w) combined with nitrogen fertilizer (N 0 :0, N 1 :150, N 2 :200, N 3 :250, N 4 :300 mg kg -1 ) on morpho-physiological growth and copper uptake of potato cultivated in Cu polluted soil. Results showed that combined approach of pear twig biochar and nitrogen significantly influenced morpho-physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, mineral content and tuber quality of potato. B 2 N 3 significantly increased the plant height and chlorophyll in plants as compared to B 0 N 0 (control). Malondialdehyde and proline contents were highest in control; however, maximum reductions in MDA and proline contents were recorded at B 2 N 4 (70.32% and 92.12% at budding stage, respectively) and at B 2 N 3 (82.44% and 91.93% at flowering stage, respectively). Likewise, B 2 N 3 showed maximum reduction in activities of peroxidase (7343.47 and 11077.27 U g -1 ), catalase (1184.98 and 165.64 U g -1 ) and superoxide dismutase (14.84 and 19.94 U g -1 ) at budding and flowering stages, respectively. However, lowest contents of soil available Cu (2.03 ± 0.5 μg g -1 ) and tuber flesh Cu (4.44 ± 0.3 μg g -1 ) were recorded at B 2 N 3 as compared to control. Interestingly, 7% biochar at all levels of nitrogen exhibited a significant decrease in soil available Cu and tuber flesh Cu. Tuber quality traits were also significantly improved at B 2 N 3 as compared to control. However, future research and field trials can help refine the best practices for integrating these elements in different agricultural systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Gang Deng reports financial support was provided by Yunnan University. Gang Deng reports a relationship with Yunnan University that includes: employment. No conflict of interest If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant bacterium found in many chronic biofilm infections. Over the past few decades, biofilm-related infections have posed a significant challenge to medical practice due to the increasing emergence of multidrug resistance. Cis -2-decenoic acid (CDA), a small molecule found in P. aeruginosa , has been shown to disperse biofilms formed by various bacteria and to work in synergy with common antibiotics. Despite that, the binding mechanism between CDA and the predicted cyclases/histidine kinases associated sensory extracellular (CHASE) domain of sensor protein DspS remains unknown in the absence of a crystallized protein structure. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of CDA is limited by its susceptibility to oxidative degradation and isomerization. In this work, we propose a structural model for the DspS CHASE domain. The resulting model displays an overall topology reminiscent of the sensor protein PcrK in Xanthomonas campestris . Through molecular dynamics simulations, a stable potential binding site for CDA was further identified. Virtual screening against the predicted site of DspS CHASE using our developed pipeline discovered two promising compounds, compounds 2 and 9 , capable of dislodging 7-day P. aeruginosa biofilms at 50 μM without affecting bacterial growth. These compounds also enhanced the effects of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa , reduced the survival of dispersed cells, and increased the expression of matrix-degrading enzyme genes pelA , pslG , and eddA . This study provides insights into CDA recognition by DspS and represents the first large-scale effort to uncover first-in-class DspS activators. At the same time, this work also underscores the effectiveness of a computational-aided drug discovery process in finding new activators, even without a known protein structure.

Black tea's quality and flavor are largely influenced by its processing stages, which affect its volatile and non-volatile phytochemicals. This study aimed to optimized black tea manufacturing by investigating withering time, fermentation time, and temperature's impact on sensory quality. Using a U* 15 (15 7 ) uniform design, optimal conditions were determined: 14 h of withering, 5.6 h of fermentation, and a 34 °C temperature. A verification experiment analyzed the volatile and non-volatile profiles. HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS revealed dynamic changes in phytochemicals. Among 157 VOCs and 2642 metabolites, 19 VOCs (VIP > 1.5) were crucial for aroma, while 50 (VIP > 1.5, p  < 0.01) characteristic metabolites were identified. During processing, fragrant volatile compounds like linalool oxides, geraniol, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, methyl salicylate, and linalyl acetate increased, contributing to rose and honey like aromas. These changes were crucial in developing the characteristic flavor and color of black tea. Twenty-four new compounds formed, while 80 grassy odor volatiles decreased. Non-volatile metabolites changed notably, with decreased catechins and increased gallic acid. Theaflavin compounds rose initially but declined later. This study outlines metabolite changes in Yunkang 10 black tea, crucial for flavor enhancement and quality control., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Abstract: The development of nonopioid analgesics for the treatment of abdominal pain is a pressing clinical problem. To address this, we examined the expression of Gi/o-coupled receptors, which typically inhibit nociceptor activation, in colonic sensory neurons. This led to the identification of the orphan receptor GPR35 as a visceral analgesic drug target because of its marked coexpression with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a mediator of noxious mechanotransduction in the bowel. Building on in silico docking simulations, we confirmed that the mast cell stabiliser, cromolyn (CS), and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, zaprinast, are agonists at mouse GPR35, promoting the activation of different Gi/o subunits. Pretreatment with either CS or zaprinast significantly attenuated TRPA1-mediated colonic nociceptor activation and prevented TRPA1-mediated mechanosensitisation. These effects were lost in tissue from GPR35-/- mice and were shown to be mediated by inhibition of TRPA1-evoked substance P (SP) release. This observation highlights the pronociceptive effect of SP and its contribution to TRPA1-mediated colonic nociceptor activation and sensitisation. Consistent with this mechanism of action, we confirmed that TRPA1-mediated colonic contractions evoked by SP release were abolished by CS pretreatment in a GPR35-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that GPR35 agonists prevent the activation and sensitisation of colonic nociceptors through the inhibition of TRPA1-mediated SP release. These findings highlight the potential of GPR35 agonists to deliver nonopioid analgesia for the treatment of abdominal pain., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.)

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), particularly the noncoding RNAs, play key roles in cancer, making them attractive drug targets. While conventional methods such as high throughput screening are resource-intensive, computational methods such as RNA-ligand docking can be used as an alternative. However, currently available docking methods are fine-tuned to perform protein-ligand and protein-protein docking. In this work, we evaluated three commonly used docking methods─AutoDock Vina, HADDOCK, and HDOCK─alongside RLDOCK, which is specifically designed for RNA-ligand docking. Our evaluation was based on several criteria including cognate docking, blind docking, scoring potential, and ranking potential. In cognate docking, only RLDOCK showed a success rate of 70% for the top-scoring docked pose. Despite this, all four docking methods did not achieve an overall success rate exceeding 50% amidst our attempt to refine the top-scoring docked poses using molecular dynamics simulations. Meanwhile, all four docking methods showed poor performance in scoring potential evaluation. Although AutoDock Vina achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.70, it showed poor performance in terms of Matthews' correlation coefficient, precision, enrichment factors, and normalized enrichment factors at 1, 2, and 5%. These results highlight the growing need for further optimization of docking methods to assess RNA-ligand interactions.

Two-pore channels are pathophysiologically important Na + - and Ca 2+ -permeable channels expressed in lysosomes and other acidic organelles. Unlike most other ion channels, their permeability is malleable and ligand-tuned such that when gated by the signaling lipid PI(3,5)P 2 , they are more Na + -selective than when gated by the Ca 2+ mobilizing messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate. However, the structural basis that underlies such plasticity and single-channel behavior more generally remains poorly understood. A recent Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of TPC2 bound to PI(3,5)P 2 in a proposed open-channel conformation provided an opportunity to address this via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. To our surprise, simulations designed to compute conductance through this structure revealed almost no Na + permeation events even at very high transmembrane voltages. However further MD simulations identified a spontaneous transition to a dramatically different conformation of the selectivity filter that involved expansion and a flip in the orientation of two core asparagine residues. This alternative filter conformation was remarkably stable and allowed Na + to flow through the channel leading to a conductance estimate that was in very good agreement with direct single-channel measurements. Furthermore, this conformation was more permeable for Na + over Ca 2+ . Our results have important ramifications not just for understanding the control of ion selectivity in TPC2 channels but also more broadly in terms of how ion channels discriminate ions., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

Pakistan, a country with limited water resources and highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, faces numerous challenges in managing its water supply. In this sense, this study assessed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water and sediments of Pakistan's Indus River and its tributaries. Key water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined, with respective average values of 7.1, 40 μS/cm, and 208 mg L -1 . The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in surface water samples averaged 26 μg L -1 , 0.9 μg L -1 , 1.4 μg L -1 , 22 μg L -1 , and 2.1 μg L -1 , respectively. The general sediment PTE profile was Ni > Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr. Certain PTE levels exceeded recommended thresholds, indicating the establishment of environmental pollution. Calculated geo-accumulation index values suggested moderate to heavy pollution levels in sediment, with PERI (404) values reinforcing the ecological risk posed by elevated PTE concentrations. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between specific PTE pairs in both water and sediment samples. This study contributes with novel insights into the distribution and ecological implications of PTE contamination in the Indus River and its tributaries, paving the way for ecological risk management efforts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Agave species are typical crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants commonly cultivated to produce beverages, fibers, and medicines. To date, few studies have examined hemicellulose biosynthesis in Agave H11648, which is the primary cultivar used for fiber production. We conducted PacBio sequencing to obtain full-length transcriptome of five agave tissues: leaves, shoots, roots, flowers, and fruits. A total of 41,807 genes were generated, with a mean length of 2394 bp and an annotation rate of 97.12 % using public databases. We identified 42 glycosyltransferase genes related to hemicellulose biosynthesis, including mixed-linkage glucan (1), glucomannan (5), xyloglucan (16), and xylan (20). Their expression patterns were examined during leaf development and fungal infection, together with hemicellulose content. The results revealed four candidate glycosyltransferase genes involved in xyloglucan and xylan biosynthesis, including glucan synthase (CSLC), xylosyl transferase (XXT), xylan glucuronyltransferase (GUX), and xylan α-1,3-arabinosyltransferase (XAT). These genes can be potential targets for manipulating xyloglucan and xylan traits in agaves, and can also be used as candidate enzymatic tools for enzyme engineering. We have provided the first full-length transcriptome of agave, which will be a useful resource for gene identification and characterization in agave species. We also elucidated the hemicellulose biosynthesis machinery, which will benefit future studies on hemicellulose traits in agave., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Osteocytes perceive and process mechanical stimuli in the lacuno-canalicular network in bone. As a result, they secrete signaling molecules that mediate bone formation and resorption. To date, few three-dimensional (3D) models exist to study the response of mature osteocytes to biophysical stimuli that mimic fluid shear stress and substrate strain in a mineralized, biomimetic bone-like environment. Here we established a biomimetic 3D bone model by utilizing a state-of-art perfusion bioreactor platform where immortomouse/Dmp1-GFP-derived osteoblastic IDG-SW3 cells were differentiated into mature osteocytes. We evaluated proliferation and differentiation properties of the cells on 3D microporous scaffolds of decellularized bone (dBone), poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) lactide (LTMC), and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) under physiological fluid flow conditions over 21 days. Osteocyte viability and proliferation were similar on the scaffolds with equal distribution of IDG-SW3 cells on dBone and LTMC scaffolds. After seven days, the differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (Alpl), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1), and sclerostin (Sost) were significantly upregulated in IDG-SW3 cells (p = 0.05) on LTMC scaffolds under fluid flow conditions at 1.7 ml/min, indicating rapid and efficient maturation into osteocytes. Osteocytes responded by inducing the mechanoresponsive genes FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) under perfusion and dynamic compressive loading at 1 Hz with 5 % strain. Together, we successfully created a 3D biomimetic platform as a robust tool to evaluate osteocyte differentiation and mechanobiology in vitro while recapitulating in vivo mechanical cues such as fluid flow within the lacuno-canalicular network. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the importance of creating a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model to study osteocyte differentiation and mechanobiology, as cellular functions are limited in two-dimensional (2D) models lacking in vivo tissue organization. By using a perfusion bioreactor platform, physiological conditions of fluid flow and compressive loading were mimicked to which osteocytes are exposed in vivo. Microporous poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) lactide (LTMC) scaffolds in 3D are identified as a valuable tool to create a favorable environment for osteocyte differentiation and to enable mechanical stimulation of osteocytes by perfusion and compressive loading. The LTMC platform imitates the mechanical bone environment of osteocytes, allowing the analysis of the interaction with other cell types in bone under in vivo biophysical stimuli., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Surgical site infection (SSI) caused by pathogenic bacteria leads to delayed wound healing and extended hospitalization. Inappropriate uses of antibiotics have caused a surge in SSI and common antibiotics are proving to be ineffective against SSI. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be a potential solution to prevent SSI because of their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. In this study, naturally sourced AMPs were studied along with microfibers, fabricated by a novel wet-spinning method using sodium alginate and polycaprolactone. Afterward, fibers were functionalized by the catechol groups of dopamine immobilizing nucleophilic AMPs on the surface. Conjugation between PCL and alginate resulted in fibers with smooth surfaces improving their mechanical strength via hydrogen bonds. Having an average diameter of 220 μm, the mechanical properties of the fiber complied with USP standards for suture size 3-0. Engineered microfibers were able to hinder the growth of Proteus spp., a pathogenic bacterium for at least 60 hours whereas antibiotic ceftazidime failed. When subjected to a linear incisional wound model study, accelerated healing was observed when the wound was closed using the engineered fiber compared to Vicryl. The microfibers promoted faster re-epithelialization compared to Vicryl proving their higher wound healing capacity.

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is an intracellular pathogen posing a significant global public health threat. There is a pressing need for dependable and effective treatments, alongside an urgency for further research into the molecular characterization of its genome. Within the genomic landscape of Coxiella burnetii, numerous hypothetical proteins remain unidentified, underscoring the necessity for in-depth study. In this study, we conducted comprehensive in silico analyses to identify and prioritize potential hypothetical protein of Coxiella burnetii, aiming to elucidate the structure and function of uncharacterized protein. Furthermore, we delved into the physicochemical properties, localization, and molecular dynamics and simulations, and assessed the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures employing a variety of bioinformatics tools. The in-silico analysis revealed that the uncharacterized protein contains a conserved Mth938-like domain, suggesting a role in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Subcellular localization predictions indicated its presence in the cytoplasm, implicating a significant role in cellular processes. Virtual screening identified ligands with high binding affinities, suggesting the protein's potential as a drug target against Q fever. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these complexes, indicating their therapeutic relevance. The findings provide a structural and functional overview of an uncharacterized protein from C. burnetii, implicating it in adipogenesis. This study underscores the power of in-silico approaches in uncovering the biological roles of uncharacterized proteins and facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. The findings provide valuable preliminary data for further investigation into the protein's role in adipogenesis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The noble radioactive gas radon and its isotope thoron dominate terrestrial radiation in the indoor environment. These gases eventually disintegrate generating radioactive ions that readily adhere to aerosol particles. This study was conducted in a tectonically active location with significant radon concentrations. The obtained average values of radon mass exhalation and thoron surface exhalation rate from this study are higher than the global average values of 56 mBq kg-1 h-1 and 1000 mBq m-2 s-1, respectively. As the exhalation rates are higher, naturally the average radon and thoron concentrations are also greater than the worldwide average values of 40 and 10 Bq m-3, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rate and indoor 222Rn/220Rn concentration. The exposure dose due to 222Rn, 220Rn and their progenies shows no significant health risk., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Alpha flux radiated from 222Rn, 220Rn and progeny is the primary contributor of natural radioactivity to the inhabitants in the ambient atmosphere. The annual indoor 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations were found to be 85 ± 43 and 84 ± 36 Bq m-3, respectively. The estimated annual indoor 222Rn and 220Rn concentration is below to reference value of 100 Bq m-3 suggested by WHO. The calculated annual inhalation dose due to exposure to the alpha flux of 222Rn, 220Rn and their progeny is well below the recommended reference level given by UNSCEAR and ICRP. The data were further checked for normalisation and found that 222Rn and Effective Equilibrium Radon Concentration (EERC) data are not normally distributed., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Introduction: This study explores the development and implementation of a new sports tourism product called "Run H2O Ride" as a strategy for sustainable tourism in Indonesia., Methods: The research employs a research and development (R&D) methodology, focusing on identifying potential issues, conducting literature reviews, designing the product, validating the design, and undergoing product development. A combination of discussion group forums (FGD) and expert judgment decisions was used to design the new sport tourism model., Results: The effectiveness of the model was assessed through limited product tests, main product tests, and operational product tests involving respondents from the local community and tourists. The results indicate that the "Run H2O Ride" model has been well-received, with positive feedback on its suitability and effectiveness in attracting tourists and enhancing the local economy., Discussion: The study concludes by recommending further research to refine the model and emphasizes the importance of local government support and community participation in sustainable tourism development. Theoretical implications highlight the significance of sports tourism events in promoting tourism, while practical implications suggest alternative solutions for increasing tourist visits and improving destination image. Policy recommendations for local governments are proposed to adopt and implement sports tourism events, aligning with long-term development plans for regional tourism growth., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Rangkuti, Setyawati, Hartono and Hidayah.)