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This research examines the difficulty pattern of assertive communication scale instrument items containing spiritual values. The research and development design applies ADDIE work procedures (Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or delivery and Evaluation). The participants of the item development and item difficulty test were 425 junior high school adolescents in Yogyakarta who were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the Rasch model. The findings show that the item difficulty pattern from the aspect of assertive communication contains cultural values which consists of 20 items indicating that item number 6, indicates that this item is the most difficult for respondents to agree on in the cultural value-based assertive communication scale instrument that has been answered by the respondent. Meanwhile, item number 19 is the item most respondents agree on.

Purpose: The present study sought to investigate school principals' practices in enhancing learning leadership quality in three Indonesian excellent schools. Method: The study employed a case study design. A research sample of 15 participants was taken from three excellent schools, consisting of principals, vice-principals, teachers, education staff, and students' parents. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit the participants, which was further developed by the snowball sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews using open-ended questions based on instruments or questions that were examined and validated by experts in qualitative research. Findings: The findings of this study suggest that systemic learning leadership improvement involves (a) formulating the learning conception; (b) stimulating teachers to receive and perceive the learning conception; (c) developing an efficient learning culture, and (d) developing a conducive learning environment. Through input-process-output/outcome system, along with the stages of designing, organizing, mentoring, determining, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and continuous-sustainable feedback provision, a learning leadership process that develops schools' capacity in enhancing their teachers' competency has been identified. Implications to Research and Practice: These results can be adopted as a new model for learning leadership enhancement that will establish school capacity in improving teachers' quality, constituting effective learning, and improving the students' learning process.

The expanding urbanization of coastal areas has led to increased ocean sprawl, which has had both physical and chemical adverse effects on marine and coastal ecosystems. To maintain the health and functionality of these ecosystems, it is imperative to develop effective solutions. One such solution involves the use of biodegradable polymers as bioactive coatings to enhance the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal infrastructures. Our study aimed to explore two main objectives: (1) investigate PHA-degrading bacteria on polymer-coated surfaces and in surrounding seawater, and (2) comparing biofilm colonization between surfaces with and without the polymer coating. We applied poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)) coatings on concrete surfaces at concentrations of 1% and 6% w/v, with varying numbers of coating cycles (1, 3, and 6). Our findings revealed that the addition of P(3HB) indeed promoted accelerated biofilm growth on the coated surfaces, resulting in an occupied area approximately 50% to 100% larger than that observed in the negative control. This indicates a remarkable enhancement, with the biofilm expanding at a rate roughly 1.5 to 2 times faster than the untreated surfaces. We observed noteworthy distinctions in biofilm growth patterns based on varying concentration and number of coating cycles. Interestingly, treatments with low concentration and high coating cycles exhibited comparable biofilm enhancements to those with high concentrations and low coating cycles. Further investigation into the bacterial communities responsible for the degradation of P(3HB) coatings identified mostly common and widespread strains but found no relation between the concentration and coating cycles. Nevertheless, this microbial degradation process was found to be highly efficient, manifesting noticeable effects within a single month. While these initial findings are promising, it's essential to conduct tests under natural conditions to validate the applicability of this approach. Nonetheless, our study represents a novel and bio-based ecological engineering strategy for enhancing the bioreceptivity of marine and coastal structures.

In general, the increase in textile industry development has a negative impact on water pollution, especially related to textile waste that usually contains toxic dyes such as methylene blue. The filtration membrane was fabricated using the phase inversion method from the Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/graphite nanocomposite incorporated with polyether sulfone (PES) as a membrane. The Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/graphite was synthesized using Indonesian iron sand and coconut shells. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the nanocomposite was composed of a crystalline phase with the highest peaks appearing at 2θ = 26° and 35.6°, corresponding to the peaks of graphite and Mn0.1Fe2.9O4, respectively. Furthermore, the Fe-O and C=C functional groups from the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of respective Mn0.1Fe2.9O4 and graphite. The hysteresis curve showed that the Mn0.1Fe2.9O4/graphite nanocomposite had a superparamagnetic character. The membrane showed good performance for filtering methylene blue as indicated by a water flux value of 158.86 Lm-2h-1. These results show that nanocomposite-based membranes have great potential to be applied as methylene blue filters.

Indonesia has a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) (13.3%) of the total population and has become a significant concern in this region. Importantly, the same daily lifestyle was found in the Islamic boarding school with a huge population of teenagers. This study aimed to identify the basic profile of metabolic syndrome in teenagers at the Islamic Boarding School in East Java Province, Indonesia. The baseline data from 200 senior high school students were addressed to measure the individual’s blood pressure, total cholesterol level, BMI, fasting blood glucose level, HDL level, LDL level, and triglyceride level in the circulation. The results of this study showed that BMI, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different in subjects with overweight-obesity symptoms (p

Basis research was done for long-term exploration of herbal medicines or therapeutical combination ingredients in the standard drug model doxorubicin to minimize long-term side effects on patients, especially in breast cancer cases. This study focuses on exploring the effect of Moringa seeds encapsulated with nanoparticle-based chitosan or their influence on cancer progression. Moringa seeds were extracted first and formulated into chitosan nanoparticles. Screening the IC50 dose was done using MTT assay for both single and combined treatments. Confirmation of the effect on proliferation rate was then measured molecularly through immunofluorescence staining and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction on the marker gene Ki-67. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin and transforming growth factor-β/Snail pathways associated with the metastasis process was measured as well. Nano chitosan of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seeds (NEEM) and nano chitosan of n-hexane extract of M. oleifera seeds (NHEM) have 382 µg/ml and 1843 µg/ml of IC50 dose, respectively. Both look the same, having an optimum time of 2 days for the IC50 dose screening by MTT assay. The expression of Ki-67 in RNA and protein levels showed that the gradual decrease after NEEM and NHEM treatment along with the increase in dose exposure (P < 0.05), also decreased the expression of proliferation gene was measured. NEEM and NHEM chitosan nanoparticles have been successfully characterized, have positively charged zeta potential values, and have been revealed as anticancer agents, especially in breast cancer through alleviating proliferation rate and metastasis-related gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Makassar coastal area has experienced rapid development and has shown various negative impacts from groundwater overexploitation, such as seawater intrusion. This study aimed to assess seawater intrusion based on geochemical and isotopic data in the Makassar coastal area. The research was carried out by field measurement and taking the groundwater samples to the laboratory for geochemical and isotope tests. Geochemical analysis of seawater intrusion was based on TDS, EC, Cl-, Simpson ratio, Ca enrichment, BEX, Na/Cl ratio, and the piper trilinear diagram typer of water. Isotope analysis of seawater intrusion is based on comparing oxygen (d18O) and deuterium (dD) isotopic data from groundwater samples with seawater, river, and rainwater. The results showed that some areas near the sea indicated seawater intrusion in both the semi-unconfined and unconfined aquifers. The indicated seawater intrusion spread in the north Tallo, Mamajang, and Tamalate subdistricts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study was designed for the assessment of the knowledge of medical students regarding pandemics. In the current designed study, the level of awareness was checked and the majority of students were found aware of SARS-CoV and SARS-Cov2 (Covid-19). Objective: To assess the awareness of SARS-CoV and SARS-Cov2 (Covid-19) among medical students of Pakistan. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in different universities of Pakistan from May to August 2020. A self-constructed questionnaire by Pursuing the clinical and community administration of COVID-19 given by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China was used among the 831 students who are enrolled in different medical universities of Pakistan and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority (n=440, 52.9%) were male, (n=525, 63.2%) having age between 18 to 23years and (n=682, 82.1%) were unmarried. In educational status (n=501, 60.3%) were undergraduate and (n=214, 25.8%) were students of MBBS. After checking the residential status (n=343, 41.3%) were the permanent residents of Balochistan province. During the assessment of awareness towards Covid-19 results showed that (n=801, 96.4%) were aware regarding Covid-19. Conclusion: This study finalized that the students enrolled in different medical universities of Pakistan were aware of the Covid-19. The observed awareness can be due to qualitative education especially in the domain of disease prevention, which has been provided by the educational institutions of Pakistan in collaboration with the Ministry of Health. Keywords: Awareness, Covid-19, Medical students, Pakistan.

Emergent exotic phenomena in the self-assembled process of vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin film remain under intensive studies. Insight exploration on the self-assembled formation from the combination of two different phases of materials is not only important to optimize the physical properties yields from those combined materials, but also open up a new avenue to discover new materials with the VAN system. In this work, the thermodynamic control of the self-assembled formation of BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 (BFO-CFO) VAN thin film has been confirmed by studying the effects of substrate temperature during the growth process by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The structural examination results on the samples, which were growing with various substrate temperatures highlight the importance of the thermodynamic factor to control the crystalline structure of BFO phase and CFO pillar size, which then affect the physical properties and further its practical applications. For instance, we can control the size of the CFO pillar using a temperature substrate to find appropriate spin magnetic switching in the CFO pillar for memory device applications. This study also sheds light on the relationship between thermodynamics and elastic strain energy on the formation of self-assembled matrix-pillars of the BFO-CFO VAN which is important for device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]