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Inherited dentine defects result from the disruption of both the formation and mineralisation of the dentine matrix of the primary and/or permanent dentitions. This leads to abnormal structural morphological characteristics such as atubular dentine, pulp calcifications and/or root dysplasia. This also jeopardises the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the affected teeth, leading to marked tooth surface loss. Other clinical features include opalescent discolouration, pulp obliteration, short roots and spontaneous periapical abscesses. Inherited dentine defects may occur in isolation, or they may present as a feature of a broader systemic condition or syndrome. Management should focus on preserving the affected dentition for as long as possible, minimising discomfort and restoring aesthetics. Treatment of these patients is complex, often requiring multidisciplinary input. Referral to specialist-led or consultant-led services is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enamel formation is a highly complex and regulated process. However, specific genetic mutations can cause dysregulation, resulting in defects in the enamel quantity, structure and composition. Inherited disorders such as amelogenesis imperfecta exclusively affect the formation of enamel. Nevertheless, enamel defects can also present as a feature of many inherited systemic diseases and syndromes. The defects present in a spectrum of mild to severe enamel pitting, mottling and loss of email, causing psychological and functional concerns for patients. Early diagnosis and intensive caries prevention along with a multidisciplinary specialist input are required in most cases. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive discussion of inherited enamel defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout adult life, there is a physiological decline in almost all body systems and with a greater proportion of population living to old age, dental practitioners will need to provide operative intervention in more medically complex patients. Dental implants are a common modality for the replacement of missing teeth; however, implant failure and associated disease present complex challenges to clinicians. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to discuss the cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems with respect to diseases affecting patients of an older age which can impact dental implant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]