Search

Suzuki, Yuya, Tatsuta, Haruki (2022): Two New Species of Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Okinawa Islands, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (2): 319-328, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.319, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.319

Genus Micaria Westring, 1851 Remarks. Currently, 123 named species of Micaria have been recorded from the Holarctic, Indomalayan, Australasian, and Afrotropical zoogeographic regions (World Spider Catalog 2022). Four species of Micaria are known in Japan: M. alpina L. Koch, 1872, M. dives (Lucas, 1846), M. japonica Hayashi, 1985 and M. pulticaria (Sundevall, 1831) (Tanikawa 2022)., Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2022, Two New Species of Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Okinawa Islands, Japan, pp. 319-328 in Species Diversity 27 (2) on page 323, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.319, http://zenodo.org/record/7522710, {"references":["Westring, N. 1851. Forteckning ofver de till narvarande tid Kande, i Sverige forekommande Spindlarter, utgorande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 aro nya for svenska Faunan. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhalles Handlingar, Ny Tidsfoljd 2: 25 - 62.","World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available at http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (13 July 2022).","Tanikawa, A. 2022. A check list of Japanese spiders ver. 2022 R 1. Available at http: // www. asahi-net. or. jp / ~ dp 7 a-tnkw / japan. pdf (13 July 2022)."]}

Micaria longimana Suzuki, sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Tenaga-tsuyagumo] (Figs 4–6) Type material. Holotype: male, NSMT-Ar 22042, Moriguchi-koen Park, Oroku, Naha City, Okinawa, Japan (26.197408°N, 127.673565°E), 9 March 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Paratypes: 1 male 2 females, NSMT-Ar 22043, same data as the holotype; 3 males 2 females, NSMT-Ar 22044, same locality as the holotype, 11 March 2020, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 male 1 female, NSMT-Ar 22045, same locality as the holotype, 30 March 2020, R. Shida leg.; 1 female 1juv., NSMT-Ar 22046, Urasoe-daikouen Park, Iso, Urasoe City, Okinawa, Japan (26.246425°N, 127.731277°E), 8 March 2021, Y. Suzuki leg. Specimens used for comparison. Micaria dives: 1 male 1 female, NSMT-Ar 22047, Kaname, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan, 27 July 2019, Y. Suzuki leg; 1 female, Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan, 17 August 2019, Y. Suzuki leg.; 2 males 2 females, Kurihara, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan, 25 April 2020, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 female, Mitsugi, Musashimurayama City, Tokyo, 27 April 2014, T. Ichikawa leg.; 1 male, Mt. Tenran-zan, Hanno City, Saitama, Japan, 21 July 2014, T. Ichikawa leg.; 1 male, Kofuchu Town, Kofu City, Yamanashi, 4 April 2014, T. Ichikawa leg.; 1 female, Ikaruga Town Ikoma Distirct, Nara, 17 July 2014, T. Ichikawa leg.; 1 female, Ōzukanishi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 30 May 2020, M. Honda leg.; 1 male, Kitatakami Town, Kochi City, Kochi, 15 July 2019, R. Serita leg. Etymology. The specific name is an adjective (“longhanded” in Latin) refers to the elongated palps of males in the species. Diagnosis. Micaria longimana sp. nov. closely resem-bles M. dives in general appearance and elongated male palps, but can be distinguished based on the following characters: spines on the prolateral side of cymbium and palpal tibia relatively thicker (vs. relatively thin in M. dives; Fig. 5B, C, cf. Fig. 5E); blunt, membranous median apophysis locat-ed on distal end of the bulb (vs. MA thin and apophysis with hook-like tip in M. dives; Figs 5A–C, 6A–C, cf. Fig. 5D–F); TA short, blunt and very weakly developed (vs. TA distinctively developed in M. dives; Fig. 6A, cf. Fig. 5D); bulb thinner and shorter in relation to the cymbium length (PBT/ CL 0.218, PBL/CL 0.465 in M. longimana sp. nov. vs. PBT/ CL 0.401, PBL/CL 0.670 in M. dives; Figs 5B, 6B vs. Fig. 5E); palpal tibia longer in relation to the cymbium length (PTL/ CL 1.014 in M. longimana sp. nov. vs. PTL/CL 0.792 in M. dives; Fig. 5A, B vs. Fig. 5D, E); AEM absent (vs. present in M. dives; cf. Fig. 5G, cf. Fig. 5H) and a pair of short transverse furrows at CO (vs. longitudinal furrows in M. dives; Fig. 5G, cf. Fig. 5H); CD positioned at anterior side of internal genitalia and inserted to anterior-mesial side of Sp (vs. CO and Sp are close to each other and CD inserted to posterior-mesial side of Sp in M. dives; Fig. 5G, I, J, cf. Fig. 5H; Fig. 6D, E). Micaria pulcherrima Caporiacco, 1935, M. formicaria (Sundevall, 1831) and M. yeniseica Marusik and Koponen, 2002 also possess elongated male palpal tibia, but can easily be distinguished from M. longimana sp. nov. by having distinctive TA (Yin et al. 2012: fig. 636E–G; Tuneva 2007: figs 36–38; Marusik et al. 2002: figs 1, 2). Micaria atropatene Zamani and Marusik, 2021 also has a similar palp but differs by lacking strong spines on prolateral side of cymbium and tibia, and bearing a distal tegular process (Zamani and Marusik 2021: fig. 8A, B). Description. Male (holotype: NSMT-Ar 22042). Body 2.92 long. Carapace 1.47 long, 0.93 wide. Eye sizes: AME 0.04 ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.03. MOA anterior width 0.22, posterior width 0.30, length 0.14. Length of palp. 0.665+0.339+0.417+0.411=1.832. Cymbial length/width 2.91. Palpal femur length/cymbial length 1.58. Length of legs. I, 1.08+0.40+0.85+0.79+0.67=3.79; II, 0.87+0.33+ 0.62+0.66+0.64=3.12; III, 0.74+0.29+0.55+0.64+0.46= 2.68; IV, 1.12+0.41+0.94+1.00+0.73=4.20. Abdomen 1.44 long, 0.70 wide. Anterior surface of chelicera with macrosetae. Ventral side of tibia I and metatarsus I covered with long thin setae. Leg spination. Femur: I d1-1, p1; II d1. Tibia: II v1; III v1; IV v2. Metatarsus: II v1; III v2-2-2; IV: v2-2-2. Palp (Figs 5A–C, 6A–C): femur with an array of short spines on ventral and anterolateral sides; patella with a spine on prolateral side; tibia as long as cymbium (PTL/CL 1.014), with 2 long and strong spines on prolateral and dorso-prolateral sides; TA short, rounded, weakly developed; cymbium with 2 strong spines on the basal prolateral side; palpal bulb longer than wide; SD visible, emerging from distal part, running toward posterior side and strongly curved at posterior prolateral side, end at Em; Em short, slightly curved, with pointed tip; MA membranous with blunt, wide tip, positioned along with TO. Coloration and markings. Carapace reddish brown with flat, glittering purple hairs on cephalic region and transverse white line on thoracic region. Mouthparts and sternum dark reddish brown. Coxae of legs pale yellow, femora dark brown, from patella to the tip of leg I pale yellowish brown. All legs lacking annulations. Abdomen dark brown with glittering purple hairs. Dorsum of abdomen with two pairs of white spots. Female (paratype: NSMT-Ar 22043). Body 2.96 long. Carapace 1.15 long, 0.68 wide. Eye sizes: AME 0.04, ALE 0.05, PME 0.03, PLE 0.03. MOA anterior width 0.20, posterior width 0.28, length 0.12. Length of legs. I, 0.75+0.34+0.59+ 0.55+0.50=2.73; II, 0.87+0.33+0.62+0.66+0.64=3.12; III, 0.74+0.29+0.55+0.64+0.46=2.68; IV, 0.92+0.36+ 0.77+0.82+0.54=3.41. Abdomen 1.46 long, 0.83 wide. Carapace, mouthparts and legs as in males. Palp spination. Tibia: p1-1, tarsus: p1, d1-1, v1-1. Leg spination. Femur I: d1, p1. Tibia: I p1-1; II v1; III v1-2; IV v2. Metatarsus: I p1, r1; II v1; III v2-2; IV v2. Internal genitalia (Figs 5H, I, 6D, E). Palpal femur with an array of short spines on venter. Abdomen as in male. Epigyne (Fig. 5F): furrows absent on anterior epigynal margin, a pair of furrows carved laterally from copulatory openings to the center; Sp oval, apart each other; globular pockets present on lateral sides of CO (arrow in Fig. 6E); CD curved, apart each other, insert-ed to upper side of Sp; FD emerging from ventral side of Sp and running to dorsal side. Coloration and markings as in males. Habitat. The specimens were collected from open and disturbed environments such as grasslands in parks at urban area, suggesting that the species might be introduced from other regions. Distribution. Okinawa Is., Japan. Note. Males and females are regarded conspecific because no other species of Micaria was sympatrically collect-ed., Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2022, Two New Species of Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Okinawa Islands, Japan, pp. 319-328 in Species Diversity 27 (2) on pages 323-327, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.319, http://zenodo.org/record/7522710, {"references":["Marusik, Y. M., Rybalov, L. B., Koponen, S., and Tanasevitch, A. V. 2002. Spiders (Aranei) of Middle Siberia, an updated check-list with a special reference to the Mirnoye Field Station. Arthropoda Selecta 10: 323 - 350.","Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S., and Liu, P. 2012. Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp. [In Chinese]","Tuneva, T. K. 2007. Review of the family Gnaphosidae in the Ural fauna (Aranei). 5. Genera Micaria Westring, 1851 and Arboricaria Bosmans, 2000. Arthropoda Selecta 15: 229 - 250.","Zamani, A. and Marusik, Y. M. 2021. A new genus and ten new species of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from Iran. ZooKeys 1054: 95 - 126."]}

Cladothela bicolor Suzuki, sp. nov. [New Japanese Name: Himune-washigumo] (Figs 1–3) Type material. Holotype: female, NSMT-Ar 22039, Sesoko Island, Sesoko, Motobu Town, Kunigami District, Okinawa, Japan (26.643978°N, 127.867065°E), 2 June 2021, K. Okazaki leg. Paratypes: 1 male, NSMT-Ar 22040, Kijyoka, Ōgimi Village, Kunigami District, Okinawa, Japan (26.694485°N, 128.146732°E), 15 April 2021, Y. Suzuki leg.; 1 male, NSMT-Ar 22041, Kume Island, Ōta, Kumejima Town, Shimajiri District, Okinawa, Japan (26.348345°N, 126.755051°E), 18 May 2022, N. Nakama leg. Other specimens examined. One juv. Kuroishimori Park, Majya, Kumejima Town, Shimajiri District, Okinawa, Japan (26.365306°N, 126.805788°E), 16 May 2022, K. Yoshida leg.; 1 juv. Nishimei, Kumejima Town, Shimajiri District, Okinawa, Japan (26.363140°N, 126.764791°E), 18 May 2022, N. Nakama leg. Etymology. The specific name refers to the bicolored body of the holotype. Diagnosis. Cladothela bicolor sp. nov. bears flattened cheliceral fangs and endites, with dense short stiff bristles (Fig. 1C–I), a character shared with C. auster and C. oculinotata (Kamura 1991, 1997). However, female of C. bicolor sp. nov. can be distinguished from both species based on the following unique characteristics: an elliptical, transversely wider copulatory openings surrounded with distinctive sclerotized ridges [vs. ridges located on mesial and anterior sides of copulatory openings in C. auster; mesial and posterior sides in C. oculinotata; Figs 2K, L, 3A vs. fig. 3 in Kamura (1997) and figs 30, 31 in Kamura (1991)]; copulatory ducts as wide as and 2.5 times as tall as spermathecae, and curved, and close to each other before inserting to spermathecae [vs. copulatory ducts straight and narrower than spermatheca width in C. auster and 1.5 times as tall as spermathecae and bent before inserting to spermathecae in C. oculinotata; Figs 2M, 3B (CD) vs. fig. 4 in Kamura (1997) and fig. 32 in Kamura (1991)]; spermathecae close to each other [vs. further apart from each other in C. auster and C. oculinotata; Figs 2M, 3 vs. fig. 4 in Kamura (1997) and fig. 32 in Kamura (1991)]. Male of C. bicolor sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. auster and C. oculinotata by the following characteristics of male palps: embolus relatively thin (embolus width/length 0.056) [vs. relatively thicker in C. auster: embolus width/length 0.106; and thinner in C. oculinotata: embolus width/length 0.032; Figs 2Q, 3D vs. fig. 1 in Kamura (1997) and fig. 26 in Kamura (1991)], conductor with a dark-colored distinct angular ridge on the retrolateral margin, and base of the conductor having a wide, whitish, non-sclerotized membranous region [vs. conductor having a sclerotized lobe-like structure in C. auster, ridge on retrolateral margin of conductor rounded in C. oculinotata; Figs 2P–R, 3C–E vs. fig. 1 in Kamura (1997) and fig. 26 in Kamura (1991)]; tegulum very weakly protruded [vs. strongly protruded in C. oculinotata; Figs 2R, 3E vs. fig. 27 in Kamura (1991)]. Live individuals of C. bicolor sp. nov. possess a clear bicolor body: vivid red prosoma and black abdomen (Fig. 1A, B), readily to distinguish the new species from its congeners, which possess uniformly dark reddish brown or dark brown body color. Description. Female (holotype: NSMT-Ar 22039). Body 5.66 long. Carapace 2.44 long, 2.07 wide, 0.74 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.184, ALE 0.211, PME 0.200, PLE 0.157, AME–AME 0.091, AME–ALE 0.038, PME–PME 0.084, PME–PLE 0.069, ALE–PLE 0.059. Leg length: I: 1.87+0.99+1.41+0.91+0.69=5.87; II: 1.60+ 0.93+1.28+0.85+0.68=5.34; III: 1.39+0.82+1.06+0.92+ 0.70=4.89; IV: 1.79+0.93+1.45+1.62+0.95=6.74. Abdomen 3.06 long, 2.33 wide, 1.71 high. Chelicerae as long as wide (length/width 1.21) with 3 small promarginal teeth almost in form of small denticles and bearing dense short stiff bristles, retromarginal teeth absent. Fang wide, flat and curved. Epigyne (Figs 2K, L, 3A): epigynal plate trapezoidal, wider than long (plate length/ width 0.78); pair of window-like, weakly pigmented regions on anterolateral sides of epigynal plate (arrows in Fig. 2K); posteromedian part weakly sclerotized with two pigmented, pit-like structures on posterior margin (arrows in Fig. 2L); interdistace of copulatory openings longer than copulatory opening width: interdistance/width 2.15, elliptical, transversely wider with clear sclerotized ridges surrounding the openings; anterior side of epigynal plate sclerotized and pigmented, posterior side membranous and less pigmented. Internal genitalia (Figs 2M, 3B): copulatory ducts massive, elongated, curved, contiguous before inserting to spermathecae; lateral glands attenuating transversely; spermathecae globular, juxtaposed; fertilization ducts arising from mesial sides of spermathecae. Coloration (Fig. 1). Carapace vividly red in live individuals, and reddish brown in specimens preserved in alcohol. Mouthparts and sternum reddish brown. Legs dark reddish brown with coxae, trochanters, metatarsi and tarsi pale. Dorsum of abdomen black in live individuals, dark grey in preserved specimens, with 2 pairs of sigilla; venter of abdomen pale whitish brown. Male (paratype: NSMT-Ar 22040). Body 5.58 long. Carapace 2.55 long, 2.11 wide, 0.76 high. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.153, ALE 0.181, PME 0.185, PLE 0.164, AME–AME 0.098, AME–ALE 0.024, PME–PME 0.062, PME–PLE 0.060, ALE–PLE 0.057. Length of legs: I: 1.96+ 0.85+1.51+0.88+0.86=6.06; II: 1.63+0.73+1.27+0.78+ 0.82=5.23; III: 1.30+0.69+0.91+0.90+0.66=4.46; IV: 2.26+0.85+1.51+1.67+0.83=7.12. Abdomen 2.91 long, 1.79 wide, 1.33 high. Carapace, mouthparts, and legs as in females. Chelicerae as long as wide (length/width 1.28) with 3 promarginal teeth, retromarginal teeth absent. Palp (Figs 2N–R, 3C–E): femur slightly longer than cymbium (femur length/cymbial length 1.40); base of femoral spine positioned slightly upper than half of femur (distance between basal margin of palpal femur and base of femoral spine/femoral length 0.60); patella longer than tibia (patella length/tibia length 1.50); cymbium longer than wide (length/width 1.68); base of conductor with a wide, whitish, non-sclerotized membranous region; conductor with hooked tip, dark-colored, distinct angular ridge on retrolateral margin (triangular outgrowth); embolus moderately long, weakly twisted, emerging from prolateral base of tegulum. Abdomen with 2 pairs of sigilla and a trapezoid scutum on anterior part of dorsum. Coloration. As in female. Habitat. Specimens were collected from litter layers and under stones in primary and secondary broad-leaf forests. Distribution. Okinawa Islands (Sesoko, Okinawa and Kume Islands), Japan. Note. Males and females are regarded conspecific because of the similarity in body color and morphology of cheliceral fangs and endites., Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2022, Two New Species of Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Okinawa Islands, Japan, pp. 319-328 in Species Diversity 27 (2) on pages 320-323, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.319, http://zenodo.org/record/7522710, {"references":["Kamura, T. 1991. A revision of the genus Cladothela (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 40: 47 - 60.","Kamura, T. 1997. Two species of the genera Cladothela and Trachyzelotes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Yaeyama Islands, Southwest Japan. Acta Arachnologica 46: 77 - 81."]}

Genus Cladothela Kishida, 1928 Type species. Cladothela boninensis Kishida, 1928. Holotype from Ogasawara Islands (type specimen lost). Remarks. Currently, 11 species are known in this genus in East Asia (World Spider Catalog 2022). This genus can be distinguished from other gnaphosids by the presence of a conspicuous, hook-like, retrolateral sclerotized spine on the male palpal femur (Kamura 1999). Three Cladothela species have been recorded in the Ryukyu Islands, namely: C. auster Kamura, 1997; C. parva Kamura, 1991; C. oculinotata (Bösenberg and Strand, 1906) (Shimojana 1977, 1981; Kamura 1991, 1997; Tanikawa and Sasaki 1999)., Published as part of Suzuki, Yuya & Tatsuta, Haruki, 2022, Two New Species of Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Okinawa Islands, Japan, pp. 319-328 in Species Diversity 27 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.319, http://zenodo.org/record/7522710, {"references":["Kishida, K. 1928. [On spiders (1)]. Rigaku-kai 26: 28 - 33. [In Japanese]","World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available at http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (13 July 2022).","Kamura, T. 1999. Spiders of the genus Zelotes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Southwest Japan. Acta Arachnologica 48: 79 - 91.","Kamura, T. 1997. Two species of the genera Cladothela and Trachyzelotes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Yaeyama Islands, Southwest Japan. Acta Arachnologica 46: 77 - 81.","Kamura, T. 1991. A revision of the genus Cladothela (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica 40: 47 - 60.","Shimojana, M. 1977. Preliminary report on the cave spider fauna of the Ryukyu Archipelago. Acta Arachnologica 27 (Specialnumber): 337 - 365.","Shimojana, M. 1981. [Check list of spiders on Iheya and Izena Islands]. Atypus 79: 1 - 6. [In Japanese]","Tanikawa, A. and Sasaki, T. 1999. [Check list of spiders in Okinawa]. Kishidaia 76: 61 - 101. [In Japanese]"]}