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Light microscopy of HT-29 cells without (control) and after 48 h of treatment with 1% acidic NADES system (ChCl : CitA(1:1)).

This study was designed to evaluate the possible effect of methanol extracts of aerial parts and roots of Alchemilla vulgaris L. (AVA and AVR, respectively) in preventing cisplatin-induced hepatorenal and testicular toxicity in rats. UHPLC/DAD/(−)HESI-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the detailed phenolic profile of AVA and AVR. The male Wistar rats were orally treated with extracts at three different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 10 days and toxicity was induced by injection of single dose of cisplatin on the 5th day (7.5 mg/kg b.w.). Determination of serum biochemical markers of hepatorenal and testicular tissue injury, as well as oxidative-stress parameters in tissues and histopathological study, were performed. Treatments with AVA and AVR significantly attenuated the levels of serum parameters of liver, kidneys and testicles injury, tissue's morphology and parameters of oxidative stress caused by an application of the cisplatin. Chromatographic analysis showed the presence of more than 20 different phenolic compounds in extracts where ellagic acid, catechin, and catechin gallate were dominant components in both extracts. The obtained results indicate that A. vulgaris extracts may be used in preventing cisplatin-induced toxicity during chemotherapy as well as in the treatment of oxidative stress-related disorders.

In this work, new approaches for the green extraction of polyphenols from sour cherry pomace were explored. Three Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) systems based on choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and malic acid, urea, and fructose (MalA, Ur, and Fru) as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) were used. NADES systems were prepared by heating and stirring (H&S), ultrasound (US), and microwave (MW) methods. It was found that MW-assisted preparation was the fastest requiring less than 30 s. Polyphenol extraction from cherry pomace was performed also by three mentioned methods, and compared with conventional methods. MW extraction was the most rapid with less than 5 min necessary for the extract preparation. All three NADES systems were highly efficient for anthocyanin extraction, but the most efficient was ChCl:MalA system. Extract based on ChCl:MalA system was for 62.33% more efficient for anthocyanin extraction comparing with the conventional solvent. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) represent a class of novel mixtures formed between two or more compounds acting as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and acceptors (HBA). These solvents are regarded as green, sustainable, and harmless, so they overcome the toxic nature of organic solvents and have plenty of applications in different scientific and industrial areas. In the presented study, the basic physicochemical properties of twelve deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride (HBA) and different HBDs (sugars, alcohols, urea, and organic acids) with 20% (w/w) of initially added water were investigated. The obtained data suggested that NADES properties: pH, conductivity, polarity, and density were associated with the structure of HBD presented in the solvents. FT-IR results confirmed that H-bonds, occurring between two components in NADES, were the main force leading to the eutectic formation. Thermal analysis showed that dehydration, which started at room temperature, was the first step in the thermal decomposition of the DES containing 20% of water. The thermal stability of dehydrated systems was between the stabilities of their components and depended on the HBD structure. Our study confirmed different physicochemical features of DES, which are related to the type of HBDs, so they can be considered as tailor-made solvents, which properties may be easily adjusted to the multitude of applications. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

WOS: 000510521700022, Members of the Onosma genus are widely used in folk medicine and they have great interest in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, phytochemical characterization, antioxidant activity (2,2-dipheny1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CIJPRAC), metal chelation, and phosphomolybdenum assays), enzyme inhibition (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and tyrosinase), antimicrobial activity (microdilution method), genotoxic and antigenotoxic (by using Drosophila melanogaster larvae and Comet assay) potentials of Onosma sericea Willd. and Onosma stenoloba Hausskn. ex Riedl. were investigated. Additionally, the bioactive compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. Generally, O. sericea showed stronger antioxidant activity, while O. stenoloba extract exhibited stronger enzyme inhibitory abilities (cholinesterases and alpha-amylase). The protective effects of extracts, at the concentration range from 25 to 400 mu g/mL, against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage were dose-dependent, increasing with a higher dosage. The extracts at the highest concentration (80 mg/mL) showed the absence of genotoxicity in vivo. Antigenotoxic effects were evident after treatment with both extracts, with a percentage reduction of over 80 %. Overall antimicrobial activity of studied extracts was weak, with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration values (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL. Taken together, obtained results showed that tested Onosma species can be considered as promising sources of bioactive phytochemicals for pharmacological purposes., Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [III43004], This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No.III43004).

The focus of this study was to evaluate whether six choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) could serve as solvents for the extraction of bioactives from the leaves of Mentha piperita. NADES extracted significantly higher amounts of phenols from peppermint than 70% ethanol and may be useful in the extraction of targeted major compounds from peppermint, like rosmarinic acid, at a similar level as 70% ethanol. The microdilution method for in vitro antibacterial activity showed that all NADES exhibit bacterial growth inhibition at a lower concentration than 70% ethanol, especially NADESs containing organic acids. The majority of NADES extracts neutralize DPPH radical at a lower concentration than conventional solvent and showed similar ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions in FRAP assay. NADES can be useful in the isolation of phenolic compounds from plant sources and should be considered as novel, sustainable, and low-cost solvents with a variety of applications.

Numerous adverse effects of cisplatin-based therapy are usually accompanied by enhanced oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in various tissues. Even neurotoxic manifestations of cisplatin administration, such as the anxiogenic effect, appear along with the increased oxidative stress and apoptotic indicators in certain brain regions. Thirty-five Wistar albino male rats were divided into seven groups: control, cisplatin (received a single dose of cisplatin: 7.5 mg/kg), three groups with oral administration ofSatureja hortensisL. methanolic extract (SH) (low: 50 mg/kg, middle: 100 mg/kg, and high dose: 200 mg/kg) along with cisplatin application, a group with the extract in high dose alone, and a silymarin group (cisplatin and silymarin: 100 mg/kg), in order to evaluate the antioxidant effects of SH on cisplatin-induced increase in the anxiety level. After completing 10-day pretreatments, behavioral testing was performed in the open field and the elevated plus maze, followed by an investigation of oxidative stress and apoptosis parameters in hippocampal tissue samples. Cisplatin administration resulted in anxiogenic-like behavior, increased lipid peroxidation, and proapoptotic markers accompanied by the decline in antioxidant and antiapoptotic defense. The administration of extract alone did not significantly alter any of the estimated parameters. When applied along with cisplatin, SH in a dose of 100 mg/kg induced the significant anxiolytic effect with concomitant recovery of antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity indicators, while both lower and higher doses of the extract failed to improve the adverse effects of cisplatin administration. The beneficial effects of the middle dose of SH were equivalent to the same dose of silymarin, as a “golden standard.” Our results indicate that the antioxidant supplementation with SH in an optimal dose significantly improved the oxidative status and it had antiapoptotic effect in the rat hippocampus disturbed by cisplatin administration, which was accompanied with attenuation of cisplatin-induced anxiogenic effect.

Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. is known as a highly bitter secoiridoid glycosides-containing plant and as a possible substitute for some Gentianaceae plants in herbal preparations. Nevertheless, its bioactive properties are still unknown. The present study aimed to characterize both, secoiridoid glycosides and phenolic constituents, and to investigate antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of B. perfoliata methanolic extract. The secoiridoid glycosides swertiamarin, gentiopicrin, and sweroside were found to be the dominant compounds of the extract, while 23 phenolic compounds were identified in much lower concentrations. Among phenolics, flavanols were the most abundant, which represents a unique feature among Gentianaceae species. The extract showed moderate to weak antioxidant activity with better performance in inhibition of lipid peroxidation than in free radical scavenging activities. The extract showed generally better antifungal properties compared with its antibacterial potential. Also, B. perfoliata demonstrated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, the extract (50 μg/mL) showed inhibition of cyclooxigenases, COX-1 and COX-2, activities (19.65 and 48.02%, respectively). It also displayed biocompatibility on the immortalized and cancer cells, as no cytotoxic effect was observed. For the first time, the bioactive potential of this species was demonstrated, justifying its usage in pharmaceutical and food products as an alternative for some overexploited and endangered species from the Gentianaceae family.