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Seeds’ qualities are influenced by several factors such as the density and size of seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of Corymbia citriodora, E. phaeotricha and E. propinqua seeds that were subjected to classification by sieve. The seeds passed through sieves that retained the following sizes: C. citriodora (2.00; 1.68; 1.41; 1.19; 1.00 mm), E. phaeotricha (1.41; 1.19; 1.00; 0.84 mm) and E. propinqua (1.00; 0.84; 0.71; 0.59 e 0.50 mm). The tests of retention percentage, physical purity, germination, first count of germination, germination speed index and average germination time were performed. The design used was randomized with four replications and five treatments for C. citriodora and E. propinqua, and four treatments for E. phaeotricha, due to the number of sieves that retained seeds. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test. When significant, the statistics related to the classification of seeds by sieves were compared using the Tukey test with 5% probability. The use of sieve classification is effective for the separation of seeds with high physical and physiological quality. C. citriodora with a seed size of 1.41 to 2.00 mm have maximum physical and physiological quality and can be pelleted. For E. phaeotricha and E. propinqua, seeds with a size of 1.19 to 1.41 mm and 0.84 to 1.00 mm, respectively, have the highest physical and physiological quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T08:15:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Bauhinia scandens has potential importance as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Researchers have isolated and identified 1-O-alkylglycerol in the leaves of the B. scandens plant, and established antitumor properties using the Brine Shrimp toxicity test, an internationally accepted bioassay. Although this species has high potential, little is known about the viability of seedling production and the morphology of these plants, particularly in terms of seed characteristics and initial stages of germination. The objective of this study was to characterize the seed morphology, germination, and seedlings of B. scandens. Seed water content, weight, and coloration were evaluated. This study also included a description of seed biometrics, external and internal structures, germination, and seedling morphology. Internal seed morphology was evaluated by the anatomical sectioning and X-ray methods. The morphology data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and germination data were determined using Cramér's V. B. scandens seeds have a coloration ranging from very dark grayish-red to dark reddish-brown, flat oblong shapes, and rounded bases and apexes with full or slightly undulating margins. Healthy seedlings are produced mainly by seeds with well-formed internal structures. The reddish petiole of the seedling leaves is a taxonomic character for B. scandens identification. The non-domestication and genetic variability of this species reflect on the seed and seedling color and size variation. Lab Analyst Jr. on Basf S.A., GO Universidade Federal de Jataí UFJ, GO Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, SP Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” ESALQ/USP, SP Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, SP

Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake é uma das principais espécies de eucaliptos cultivadas. Entretanto, não existem recomendações para o teste padrão de germinação de E. urophylla. Assim, o objetivo foi determinar a melhor metodologia para a condução do teste de germinação de sementes de E. urophylla. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram testados dois substratos (sobre papel mata-borrão e areia) e seis temperaturas (constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30, 35ºC e alternada de 20-30ºC, entre noite e dia, respectivamente) na condução do teste de germinação. Na segunda etapa, foi selecionado o substrato mais indicado no experimento anterior e testado em dois lotes, nas seis temperaturas citadas anteriormente. Foram avaliadas a germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de germinação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial de 2 x 6 para ambas as etapas. Na comparação da germinação entre os lotes, observou-se que o lote 1 apresentou menor desempenho do que o lote 2 nas condições de temperaturas extremas. O teste de germinação de sementes de E. urophylla deve ser realizado a 30 ou 35°C com semeadura sobre papel ou areia, e com contagem inicial e final aos quatro e 10 dias após a semeadura, respectivamente. Com base nesta pesquisa, mais testes podem ser realizados, para outros lotes e sementes de E. urophylla de outras procedências, para garantir a confirmação dos resultados.

Brazil is the largest world producer, consumer and exporter of forage grass seeds. Urochloa decumbens Stapf. species is the second in importance in the Brazilian market of seeds of tropical forage grasses. Seeds are harvested by the soil sweeping method and, in addition to other impurities, harvested lots can present weed seeds, which makes seeds unfeasible for commercialization. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in the physical quality and viability of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk seeds produced in different production fields. Fifteen U. decumbens seed lots from the State of São Paulo (1 lot in the municipality of Cássia dos Coqueiros and 3 lots in the municipality of Santo Antônio da Alegria), Minas Gerais (2 lots in the municipality of Tupaciguara, 2 lots in the municipality of Unaí, 2 lots in the municipality of Chapada Gaúcha and 3 lots in the municipality of Monte Santo de Minas), Goiás (1 lot in the municipality of Jataí) and Mato Grosso (1 lot in the municipality of Primavera do Leste) were evaluated by means of the following parameters: water content, viability by tetrazolium test, purity, determination of other seeds by number and weight of one thousand seeds. A completely randomized design was used, and when significant, the means of treatments were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The fields of the different regions produce U. decumbens seeds with high variability in physical quality. U. decumbens seeds with the highest physical quality and viability were produced in Cassia dos Coqueiros - SP. A espécie Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. é a segunda em importância no mercado brasileiro de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais. A colheita das sementes ocorre pelo método de varredura do solo e, além de outras impurezas, podem apresentar sementes de plantas daninhas que podem inviabilizar a comercialização de lotes de sementes. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar diferenças na qualidade física e viabilidade de sementes de Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk produzidas em diferentes campos de produção. Foram avaliados 15 lotes de sementes de B. decumbens, procedentes do Estado de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás e Mato Grosso; por meio dos seguintes parâmetros: teor de água, viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio, pureza, determinação de outras sementes por número e massa de mil sementes. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Os campos das diferentes regiões produzem sementes de B. decumbens com alta variabilidade na qualidade física. As sementes de B. decumbens com maior qualidade física e viabilidade foram produzidas em Cassia dos coqueiros - SP.

The Rules for Seed Analysis reports the use of a paper envelope to allow use of the germination test with small seeds but does not provide any method or use recommendation. As Mombasa grass has high quality and commercial importance, the objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the envelope method in the germination test of Mombasa grass seeds, with the aim of achieving greater result accuracy and improvement of seed quality analysis processes in laboratories. The germination of eight lots of Mombasa grass seeds was evaluated with two sowing methods (on paper and in paper envelope). The moisture content and the first germination count were also determined. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design. The data were analyzed in a 2 x 8 factor scheme (sowing methods x lots), with four repetitions. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test and when significant, treatment means were compared using the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Results showed that the envelope method is efficient for the germination test of Mombasa grass seeds and can be easily used by seed analysis laboratories, as it present results equivalent or superior to those obtained using the traditional method on paper, while occupying only 2 / 5 of the germination chamber space used in the conventional method. Nas Regras para Análise de Sementes há relato do uso de envelope de papel para o teste de germinação em sementes pequenas, porém sem qualquer descrição do método ou recomendação de utilização. Sabendo-se que o capim-mombaça, possui alta qualidade e importância comercial e visando maior precisão dos resultados e aperfeiçoamento dos processos de análise de qualidade de sementes dentro de laboratórios, objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa avaliar a viabilidade do método do envelope na condução do teste de germinação de sementes de capim-mombaça. A germinação de oito lotes de sementes de capim-mombaça foi avaliada por meio de dois métodos de semeadura (sobre papel e em envelope de papel). Também se determinou o teor de umidade e a primeira contagem de germinação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os dados foram analisados em esquema fatorial 2x8 (métodos de semeadura x lotes), com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e quando significativo, as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas por meio do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Concluiu-se que o método do envelope é eficiente para o teste de germinação de sementes de capim-mombaça e pode ser facilmente adotado pelos laboratórios de análise de sementes, apresentando resultados iguais ou superiores aqueles obtidos pelo método tradicional sobre papel, além de ocupar apenas 2 / 5 do espaço da câmara de germinação que era utilizado no método convencional.

Bauhinia scandens is an ornamental plant and it has anti-tumor properties. The demand for seedlings of this species makes it necessary to know about the germinative behavior of seeds and the initial growth of seedlings. The objective of the present work was to determine the type of substrate and moistening conditions that are more favorable to the emergence and development of seedlings of B. scandens. B. scandens seeds were disposed on three substrates: sand, vermiculite, and commercial substrate, maintained at four levels of moistening 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the water holding capacity of the substrate and kept in a greenhouse for 60 days. The following parameters were evaluated: emergence, speed index, average time, number of leaves, length of aerial part and root, diameter of neck, fresh and dry mass of aerial part and root. The analysis of variance was performed in a completely randomized design, in a 3 X 4 factorial scheme, with four replications of 25 seeds. The sowing of B. scandens should be carried out initially in vermiculite with a holding capacity of 100% until the establishment of the seedling emergence and then transplanted to commercial substrate keeping between 50 and 75% holding capacity.

The main difficulty with propagating Urochloa humidicola Comum is the high percentage of seed dormancy. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a treatment to overcome seed dormancy and promote seed germination of this species that can be applied at a large scale. This study was conducted in two stages. First, the following treatments were evaluated using one seed lot: control (without treatment), immersion in H2SO4 (98%, 36N) for 10 min, moistening the germination substrate with KNO3 (0.2%) and immersion in KNO3 at concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% for periods of 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, followed by drying in the shade. In the second stage, three seed lots were evaluated in all of the aforementioned treatments, except for those of immersion in 0% KNO3 and of all concentrations for 36 and 48 h. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination, percentage of abnormal seedlings, dead and dormant seeds, first count, and average germination time. Immersion in the KNO3 solution was efficient in overcoming dormancy and promoting germination. To be used by companies, the immersion of seeds in a 4% KNO3 solution for 24 h was the most suitable treatment to overcome dormancy and promote the germination of U. humidicola Comum seeds. A principal característica que dificulta a utilização das sementes de Urochloa humidicola cv. Comum é a alta porcentagem de dormência. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi obter um tratamento para a superação da dormência e promoção da germinação das sementes desta espécie passível de aplicação em grande escala. O trabalho foi conduzido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram avaliados em um lote de sementes os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (sem tratamento), imersão em H2SO4 (98%, 36N) por 10 minutos, umedecimento do substrato de germinação com KNO3 (0,2%) e imersão em KNO3 nas concentrações de 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8% por períodos de 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas, seguida por secagem à sombra. Na segunda etapa, foram avaliados em três lotes de sementes todos os tratamentos supracitados, exceto a imersão em KNO3 0% e todas as concentrações nos períodos 36 e 48 horas. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, germinação, porcentagem de plântulas anormais, sementes mortas e dormentes, primeira contagem e tempo médio de germinação. A imersão em solução de KNO3 é eficiente para a superação da dormência e promoção da germinação. Visando a utilização pelas empresas, a solução de KNO3 4% por 24 horas é o tratamento mais indicado.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:24:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2179-80872021000300303.pdf: 582203 bytes, checksum: becbc1e4499fd6f8c284aba1af29d2ac (MD5) The aim of this work was to verify the effect of size classification on the physical and physiological quality of Eucalyptus spp. seeds to optimize the selection for covering. The seeds were separated in sieves with six size classes: 850, 710, 600, 500, 425 µm, and a non-perforated bottom (< 425 µm). Were evaluated the sieve retention, purity, weight of a thousand seeds, germination, and first count of germination. Sieve classification is effective for the separation of materials according to the best physical and physiological qualities. E. grandis seeds from the 710 µm sieve, E. robusta from the 850 µm sieve, and E. urophylla from the 710 and 850 µm sieves can be selected for covering, as they present maximum physical and physiological quality. For the three species, the smallest materials, retained in the 500, 425, and bottom

The physiological quality of seeds is influenced by the climatic factors of production fields. The identification of the best conditions of P. maximum cv. Mombasa production fields allows the improvement of the seed sector. The aim of this work was to identify which climatic conditions of production fields can affect the physiological quality of P. maximum cv. Mombasa seeds. Nineteen plots from states of São Paulo (six from municipalities of Auriflama and three from Guzolândia) and Goiás (eight from Quirinópolis and two from Serranópolis), were collected by soil sweeping. The following parameters were evaluated: water content, germination rate, first germination count and germination rate index, seedling emergence in sand and field. Completely randomized design was used for all variables, with the exception of seedling emergence in field, since this variable required block design. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. For the identification of the influence of climatic conditions on the physiological quality of seeds, multivariate statistical analysis was applied through Group and Principal Component Analysis. Production fields of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa seeds presenting maximum temperatures above 32 ºC at flowering and natural fall stages produce seeds of low physiological quality. Production fields in which precipitation and high temperatures occur during natural fall and harvest of P. maximum cv. Mombasa seeds are not favorable to the production of seeds with high physiological quality. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes é influenciada pelos fatores climáticas dos campos de produção. A identificação das condições dos melhores campos de produção de P. maximum cv. Mombaça permite aprimoramento do setor de sementes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar quais condições climáticas dos campos de produção podem afetar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de P. maximum cv. Mombaça. Foram avaliados dezenove lotes procedentes do estado de São Paulo (seis de Auriflama e três de Guzolândia) e Goiás (oito de Quirinópolis e dois de Serranópolis), colhidos por varredura do solo. Foram avaliados por meio dos seguintes parâmetros: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação, emergência de plântulas em areia e em campo. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado para todas as variáveis, com exceção da emergência de plântulas em campo, pois neste adotou-se delineamento em blocos. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Para a identificação da influência das condições climáticas na qualidade fisiológica das sementes aplicou-se análise estatística multivariada por meio de Análise de Agrupamento e Componentes Principais. Campos de produção de sementes de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça que apresentam temperaturas máximas superiores a 32 ºC nas épocas de florescimento e degrana produzem sementes de baixa qualidade fisiológica. Campos de produção em que ocorram precipitações e altas temperaturas durante a degrana e à colheita de sementes de P. maximum cv. Mombaça não são favoráveis a produção de sementes com alta qualidade fisiológica.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Bauhinia scandens, an ornamental climbing vine, recently introduced in Brazil, in 2006 which has been gaining prominence due to its anti-tumor medicinal properties. A common feature amongst species of the Fabaceae family is dormancy due to the impermeability of the integument of the seed to water. The demand for seedlings of this species makes it necessary to elucidate the germination process and initial seedling growth. The objective of this study was to determine a method to overcome dormancy, thereby promoting seed germination and initial growth of B. scandens seedlings. The seeds were subjected to one of four treatments, besides the control: mechanical scarification, immersion in water (26 °C for 24 hours), immersion in hot water (86 °C for 24 hours, then 26 °C) and immersion in H2SO4 (95%) for 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination (normal, abnormal seedlings, dormant and dead seeds), first count, mean germination time and relative frequency of germination. The seedlings were evaluated for emergence in sand, first count, emergence speed index, length and dry matter mass. B. scandens seeds should be immersed in H2SO4 for 45 and 60 minutes before sowing to overcome dormancy, in order to promote and standardize seed germination and enhance initial growth of the seedlings. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP/FCAV UESP/FCAV Programa de Pós-Graduação Universidade Federal de Goiás UFG Regional de Jataí Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP/FCAV

Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake is one of the main eucalyptus species cultivated. However, there are no recommendations for testing its germination pattern. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the best methodology to conduct seed germination tests for E. urophylla. The study was divided into two steps. In the first, two substrates (on paper and sand) and six temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35ºC, and alternating 20-30ºC, between night and day, respectively) were tested. In the second step, the best substrate was selected based on the first experiment and was tested in two seeds lots and at the six temperatures previously mentioned. Germination, first count, speed index and the average germination time were evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications and the treatments were arranged in a 2x6 factorial scheme for both steps. When comparing germination between lots, it was observed that lot 1 had a lower performance than lot 2 under extreme temperature conditions. Seed germination tests of E. urophylla should be made at 30 or 35ºC on the paper or sand substrate, with the initial and final counts at four and 10 days after sowing, respectively. Based on this study, more tests should be made with seeds from other lots and populations of E. urophylla to confirm the results. Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake é uma das principais espécies de eucaliptos cultivadas. Entretanto, não existem recomendações para o teste padrão de germinação de E. urophylla. Assim, o objetivo foi determinar a melhor metodologia para a condução do teste de germinação de sementes de E. urophylla. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram testados dois substratos (sobre papel mata-borrão e areia) e seis temperaturas (constantes de 15, 20, 25, 30, 35ºC e alternada de 20-30ºC, entre noite e dia, respectivamente) na condução do teste de germinação. Na segunda etapa, foi selecionado o substrato mais indicado no experimento anterior e testado em dois lotes, nas seis temperaturas citadas anteriormente. Foram avaliadas a germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de germinação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial de 2 x 6 para ambas as etapas. Na comparação da germinação entre os lotes, observou-se que o lote 1 apresentou menor desempenho do que o lote 2 nas condições de temperaturas extremas. O teste de germinação de sementes de E. urophylla deve ser realizado a 30 ou 35°C com semeadura sobre papel ou areia, e com contagem inicial e final aos quatro e 10 dias após a semeadura, respectivamente. Com base nesta pesquisa, mais testes podem ser realizados, para outros lotes e sementes de E. urophylla de outras procedências, para garantir a confirmação dos resultados.

The purpose of seed conditioning process is to separate seeds and their associated structures into different fractions and retain only good and healthy seeds. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects the stages of seed conditioning have on the sanitary quality of marandu grass seeds. The seeds were sampled before and during the seed conditioning process, i.e., after exiting the air-screen cleaner and sieves (seeds discharged from the top, middle and bottom sieves), the first gravity separator (seeds drifting around the table, upper and intermediate discharge) and second gravity separator (upper, intermediate and lower discharge). The sanitary analysis was performed using the filter paper method with and without surface disinfestation of the seeds, which were incubated at 20±2°C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours for seven days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x6 factorial scheme (surface disinfestation x stages of the seed conditioning process) and ten replications. The data was submitted to analysis of variance, using the F test and, when significant, the means of the treatments were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was concluded that it is not possible to improve the sanitary quality of marandú grass seeds through the seed conditioning process. A finalidade do beneficiamento de sementes é separar as sementes e suas estruturas associadas em diferentes frações e reter apenas sementes boas e saudáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das etapas do beneficiamento sobre a qualidade sanitária de sementes de capim-marandú. As sementes foram amostradas antes e durante o beneficiamento: após a saída da máquina de ar e peneiras (descarga das peneiras superior, intermediária e fundo), primeira mesa gravitacional (deriva ao redor da mesa, descarga superior e intermediária) e segunda mesa gravitacional (descarga superior, intermediária e inferior). A análise sanitária foi realizada pelo método do papel de filtro com e sem desinfestação superficial das sementes, as quais foram incubadas a 20 ± 2 °C, com fotoperíodo de 12 h durante sete dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x6 (desinfestação superficial x etapas do beneficiamento) e dez repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e quando significativa, as médias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Foi possível concluir que o beneficiamento não é capaz de melhorar a qualidade sanitária das sementes de capim-marandú.

The quality of seeds is influenced by the climatic conditions of the production field. The identification of characteristics of the best forage seed fields allows the improvement of the sector. In this study, the aim was to identify climatic characteristics of producing regions that may affect the physical and physiological quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS 'Piatã' seeds. Seeds from 10 lots were evaluated for purity, other seeds, mass of a thousand seed, water content, germination, dormancy, emergence, seedling emergence in sand and seedling emergence in the field. Temperature and precipitation data of each production field from flowering to harvest were obtained. The means of treatments were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In order to discriminate which environmental factors influenced seed quality, multivariate statistical analysis was applied through Principal Component Analysis. It was concluded that production fields with temperatures above 30 °C in flowering, threshing and harvesting periods are related to the production of 'Piatã' grass seeds of lower physical and physiological quality. Fields with accumulated rainfall above 500 and 137 mm in the flowering and harvesting period, respectively, are unfavorable to seed vigor. RESUMO A qualidade das sementes é influenciada pelas condições climáticas do campo de produção. A identificação das características dos melhores campos de sementes de forrageiras permite o aprimoramento do setor. Neste estudo, objetivou-se identificar características climáticas das regiões produtoras que podem afetar as qualidades física e fisiológica de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS 'Piatã'. Sementes de 10 lotes foram avaliados quanto à pureza, outras sementes, massa de mil sementes, teor de água, germinação, dormência, emergência, primeira contagem de emergência de plântulas em areia e emergência das plântulas em campo. Foram obtidos os dados de temperatura e precipitação de cada campo de produção desde o florescimento até a colheita. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Para discriminar quais fatores ambientais influenciaram a qualidade das sementes aplicou-se a análise estatística multivariada através da Análise de Componentes Principais. Concluiu-se que campos de produção com temperaturas acima de 30 °C nas épocas de florescimento, degrana e colheita estão relacionados à produção de sementes de capim-piatã de menor qualidade física e fisiológica. Campos com precipitações pluviométricas acumuladas superiores a 500 e 137 mm no período de florescimento e colheita, respectivamente, são desfavoráveis ao vigor das sementes produzidas.

The Campomanesia adamantium is a threatened species from Brazil Savannah which seeds are desiccation-sensitive and do not withstand storage. This study aimed to reduce the sensitivity of Campomanesia adamantium seeds to desiccation using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA). Initially, seeds were subjected to PEG (0, -1.48, and -2.04 MPa) with or without ABA (100 μM) during 120 h, followed fast drying (silica gel) or slow drying (laboratory environment), at 20%, 15%, and 10% moisture content. In the second experiment, the seeds were PEG treated (-1.48 MPa) which provided the best results in the first experiment; the seeds were then subjected to different incubation times in PEG (30, 60, 90, or 120 h) and ABA (0, 10ˉ3, 10ˉ4, and 10ˉ5 μM), following the seeds were fast dried at 15% moisture content. The slow drying should be avoided, even in seeds previously subjected to osmotic conditioning with or without ABA. Seeds submitted to PEG treatment (-1.48 MPa/120h) without ABA and PEG (-1.48 MPa) with 10ˉ3 or 10ˉ4 μM of ABA (90 h), followed by fast drying at 15% moisture content showed reduction of desiccation sensitivity and high germination and vigor when compared to the other treatments.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-66902019000200291.pdf: 138189 bytes, checksum: c1795b01c7d71ef45ed340f277960488 (MD5) This study aimed to verify the efficiency of multivariate analysis in the identification of promising vigor tests for the evaluation of the physiological quality of seed lots of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. Seeds of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk were tested for the following parameters: water content, germination, first germination count, cold test, electrical conductivity, seedling growth, seedling dry mass, first count and emergence percentage of seedlings in laboratory substrate, and seedling emergence in the field. The data obtained in each test-all completely randomized experimental designs-were analyzed separately by means of analysis of variance, Scott-Knott's test, and multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis is efficient to discriminate vigor and seed germination tests capable of identifying the top performance batch in the field. Germination, first germination count, emergence of seedlings in sand, first seedling emergence count in sand, shoot length, and the cold test are promising in the evaluation of the physiological quality of seed lots of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, providing similar information to that from the emergence of field seedlings. UFG, PNPD CAPES, Campus Jatoba,Cidade Univ BR 364,Km 195,3800, BR-75801615 Jatai, Go, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN, Dept Prod Vegetal, Campus Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Paraiba UFPB, Ctr Ciencias Agr, Areia, PB, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho UN, Dept Prod Vegetal, Campus Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:34:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-69162019000200234.pdf: 1739610 bytes, checksum: 94cbd3b969bc8717c6572221d868b4d7 (MD5) The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seed conditioning process on the sanitary quality of Panicum maximum 'Mombasa' seeds. The seeds were sampled before processing and after exiting the seed blower and sieves (discharge from the top and bottom sieves), first gravity separator (intermediate discharge), seed treatment equipment (dyeing the seeds of the intermediate discharge from the first separator), and second gravity separator (upper, intermediate, and lower discharge). Sanitary analysis was performed by the Blotter Test method with and without surface disinfestation of the seeds, which were incubated at 20 +/- 2 degrees C, with a photoperiod of 12 h, for 7 d. The conditioning process increased the incidence of Fusarium sp. in the Mombasa grass seeds. In addition, Cladosporium sp. and Alternaria sp. were found in and on the surface of the seeds and, therefore, can be disseminated by the seed conditioning machines. The percentage of seeds with Alternaria sp. decreased after dyeing and after the top discharge of the second gravity separator stage. Univ Fed Goias Reg Jatai, Jatai, Go, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Fac Associadas Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-66902019000100169.pdf: 153617 bytes, checksum: 3ce54242bb77b5d7a6765d5479481aac (MD5) The Rules for Seed Analysis reports the use of a paper envelope in germination tests, but without any description of the exact method. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the envelope method and the optimal level of substrate wetting when performing germination tests of onion seeds. The study was performed in two stages. In the first stage, a batch of seeds was evaluated using two seeding methods (on paper and in a paper envelope) and five levels of substrate wetting with differing amounts of water: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 times the dry mass of the paper. A completely randomized design was used in a 2×5 factorial scheme. In the second stage of the study, the two seeding methods mentioned in the prior were tested in eight seed batches using a completely randomized design and a 2×8 factorial scheme. The degree of moisture, germination, and the first count of germination were evaluated. The time spent for the installation, seeding, counting, and disassembling of the germination test were determined. It was concluded that the envelope method is fit for use in onion seed germination tests. The optimal amount of water to add to the substrate is 2.5 times the dry mass of the paper substrate. The envelope method is fast, practical, and more efficiently uses space within germinator chambers, making it easily incorporable into routine tests within seed analysis laboratories. Nas Regras para Análise de Sementes há relato do uso de envelope de papel para o teste de germinação, porém sem qualquer descrição do método. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade do método do envelope e do nível de umedecimento do substrato no teste de germinação de sementes de cebola. A pesquisa foi executada em duas etapas. Na primeira, um lote de sementes foi avaliado por meio de dois métodos de semeadura (sobre papel e em envelope de papel) e cinco níveis de umedecimento do substrato em água: 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 3,5 vezes a massa seca do papel. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial de 2 × 5. Na segunda etapa da pesquisa, os dois métodos de semeadura citados na primeira etapa foram testados em oito lotes de sementes, utilizando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial de 2×8. Foi avaliado o grau de umidade, a germinação e a primeira contagem de germinação. Foi cronometrado o tempo despendido para a instalação, semeadura, contagem e desmonte do teste de germinação. Concluiu-se que o método do envelope é viável para o teste de germinação de sementes de cebola. O umedecimento do substrato em água mais favorável à germinação é de 2,5 vezes a massa seca do papel. O método do envelope é rápido, prático e ocupa menor espaço nos germinadores, adaptando-se à rotina de um laboratório de análise de sementes. Departamento de Produção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'/UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rod. BR 364, Km 192, n. 3800 Departamento de Produção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho'/UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 A espécie nativa Alibertia edulis Rich., conhecida popularmente como marmelo, pode ser aproveitada para reflorestamentos visando à recuperação de áreas degradadas, e seus frutos podem ser usados na culinária. Sendo assim, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de substratos e níveis de água na emergência, crescimento inicial e qualidade de mudas de A. edulis. Foram avaliados os substratos: latossolo (L), latossolo + areia (L + A = 1:1), latossolo + areia + cama-de-frango (L + A + CF = 1:1:0,5), latossolo + areia + cama-de-frango (L + A + CF = 1:2:0,5) e latossolo + substrato comercial (L + C = 1:1); e as disponibilidades hídricas de 25, 50, 75 e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água (CRA). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas representantes das disponibilidades hídricas e as subparcelas, os substratos. O substrato composto por latossolo + substrato comercial a 100% de CRA proporciou as melhores condições para emergência, crescimento inicial e formação de mudas de A. edulis. A semeadura no substrato Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico isolado a 25% da CRA não deve ser utilizada para a formação de mudas de A. edulis. Alibertia edulis Rich. is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado and can be used for reforestation of degraded areas. In addition, it produces edible fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and water levels on the emergence, initial growth, and quality of seedling of A. edulis. The substrates tested were: latosol (L), latosol + sand (L + S = 1:1), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S1 + CM = 1:1:0,5), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S2 + CM = 1:2:0,5), and latosol + commercial substrate (L + C = 1:1); and the water retention capacities (WRC) tested were: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The experiment was carried through in a completely randomized design and subdivided into a plot scheme, in which the plots represented water availability and the subplots represented the substrates. Latosol + commercial substrate at 100% of WRC provided the best conditions for emergence, initial growth and formation of seedlings of A. edulis. Sowing in the substrate Dystroferric Red Latosol isolated at 25% of WRC should not be used for the formation of seedlings of this species. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Syngenta Seeds Ltda Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:04:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:25:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-43662018000900653.pdf: 445119 bytes, checksum: 596ae8803c1eb9defc2bcff468e0ea8d (MD5) The rules for seed analysis do not have recommendations for conducting the germination test of eucalyptus phaeotricha seeds.Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the best substrate,temperature,conduction time,and substrate moistening level for the germination test of E.phaeotricha seeds first count of & nbsp; germination, germination, germination speed index and mean time of germination were evaluated. The first experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (6 x 2), corresponding to six temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 degrees C and 20-30 degrees C) and two substrates (paper and sand) with four replicates, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. In the second experiment, the germination test was installed with the most favorable substrate and temperature identified in the previous step, evaluating substrate moistening levels equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 times the dry weight of the substrate; due to the quantitative nature of the treatments, the data were subjected to regression analysis and curve fitting. The germination test of E. phaeotricha seeds should be conducted at 30 degrees C on paper, moistened with a water volume of 2.2 times the dry weight of the paper, with initial and final counts at 6 and 14 days after sowing, respectively. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Goias, Jatai, Go, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Plukenetia volubilis is a species native to the Amazonia and has economic potential due to the high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins of the seeds; however, information about production of seedlings in nursery is scarce. Factors that contribute to fast emergence and generation of vigorous seedlings are desirable for plant production in the nursery. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most favorable substrate and seed position for the production of P. volubilis seedlings. The seeds were sown in the following four positions: hilum facing up, hilum facing down, seed lying on its cotyledon suture, and seed lying flat on one of its cotyledon faces. The substrates were sand, vermiculite and commercial substrate. Treatments were distributed according to a completely randomized design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement (seed position and substrate) with three replicates of 25 seeds each. The following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage; first count of seedlings; number, width and length of leaves; plant height; stem diameter; dry matter of shoots and roots. It was concluded that the production of P. volubilis seedlings is not affected by either substrate or seed position at sowing. The substrates most favorable to the quality of P. volubilis seedlings were the commercial substrate and vermiculite, always for the positions of seed lying on its cotyledon suture, with faces parallel to tube walls, and seed lying flat on one of its faces. RESUMO Plukenetia volubilis é uma espécie nativa da Amazônia e apresenta potencial econômico devido aos elevados teores de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e vitaminas das sementes, mas, as informações para a produção de mudas em viveiros são escassas. Fatores que contribuam para rápida emergência das plântulas e a formação de mudas vigorosas são desejáveis na produção de plantas em viveiros. Assim, objetivou-se identificar o substrato e a posição de semeadura mais favoráveis à produção e à qualidade de mudas de P. volubilis. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar em quatro posições: com o hilo voltado para cima, com o hilo voltado para baixo, semente de lado sobre a espessura e de lado sobre uma das faces. Os substratos utilizados foram: areia, vermiculita e substrato comercial. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 (posições da semente x substratos) com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. Foram avaliados: a porcentagem de emergência; primeira contagem de plântulas; número; largura e comprimento de folha; altura; diâmetro do colo; massa seca de parte aérea e de raiz da muda. Concluiu-se que a produção de mudas de P. volubilis não foi afetada pelo substrato nem pela posição da semente na semeadura no tubete. Os substratos mais favoráveis à qualidade das mudas de P. volubilis foram o comercial e a vermiculita, sempre para as posições de semente de lado sobre a espessura com faces paralelas às paredes do tubete ou sobre uma das faces da semente.

Massai grass is an important tropical forage grass. The harvested seeds upon being received by the company, are found to be contaminated with impurities which are removable by processing machines. This procedure is necessary to produce seeds of a quality level within standards established for commercialization and sowing purposes. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of processing phases on the physical and physiological quality of massai grass (Panicum maximum x P. infestum, cv. Massai) seeds for commercialization purposes. Seeds were sampled before processing and after leaving the air and screen machine (upper and intermediary screens and bottom); first gravity table (drift, upper and intermediate spouts); treating machine; and second gravity table (upper, intermediate, and lower spouts). Seeds were evaluated as to water content, physical (purity and 1,000 seeds weight) and physiological quality (germination, first count of germination, seedling vigor classification, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in the field, speed of emergence index, and primary root length, shoot length). Massai grass seeds had their physical and physiological qualities improved when they were processed by an air and screen machine and a gravity table. Seeds from the intermediate discharge spout of the first gravity table, after going through the air and screen machine, are those of with highest physiological potential. The seeds of this species do not need to be processed to fit the germination and purity standards when the national market is the goal. RESUMO O capim-massai é uma importante gramínea forrageira tropical e suas sementes ao serem recebidas pelas empresas, após a colheita realizada por varredura no chão, contém impurezas cuja remoção é realizada por máquinas de beneficiamento. Este procedimento é necessário para a obtenção de sementes dentro dos padrões de qualidade para a comercialização e a semeadura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das etapas de beneficiamento na qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de capim-massai (Panicum maximum x P. infestum, cv. Massai) visando à comercialização. As sementes foram amostradas antes do processamento e após a saída da máquina de ventilador e peneiras (descarga das peneiras superior, intermediária e fundo), primeira mesa gravitacional (deriva, descarga superior e intermediária), máquina tratadora e segunda mesa gravitacional (descarga superior, intermediária e inferior). Sendo avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, qualidade física (pureza e peso de mil sementes) e fisiológica (germinação, primeira contagem, classificação do vigor de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas em campo, índice de velocidade de emergência e comprimento da raiz primária e da parte aérea de plântulas). O beneficiamento de sementes na máquina de ar e peneiras e mesa gravitacional aprimorou a qualidade física e fisiológica do lote de sementes de capim-massai. A semente de maior potencial fisiológico é obtida na descarga intermediária da primeira mesa gravitacional procedida pelo processamento na máquina de ventilador e peneiras. Para esta espécie o beneficiamento não é necessário para atender os requisitos de pureza e germinação estabelecidos pelos padrões para a comercialização nacional de sementes.

RESUMOA conservação das sementes e a quantidade de luz são fatores importantes para uma boa germinação e produção de mudas de qualidade. Em vista disso, este trabalho avaliou o efeito da embalagem das sementes durante o armazenamento e de diferentes níveis de luz na emergência e crescimento inicial das mudas de timbó (Magonia pubescens St. Hil.). Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, foi analisado o efeito do armazenamento das sementes em três tipos de embalagem (papel-alumínio, papel e saco plástico de polietileno de baixa densidade) e a duas temperaturas (10 e 25 °C), durante três épocas de armazenamento (30, 60 e 90 dias) e sem armazenamento. No segundo experimento, foi estudado o crescimento inicial das mudas em três níveis de sombreamento (30, 50 e 70%) e a pleno sol. As sementes de M. pubescens germinam melhor quando não armazenadas, com médias de 97%, em comparação com aquelas com 69% após 90 dias de armazenamento. Caso necessário, o armazenamento deve ser realizado em saco plástico na temperatura de 25 °C, por até 90 dias. As mudas apresentaram maior emergência e qualidade quando a semeadura e o crescimento foram realizados sob sombreamento de 50%. ABSTRACTThe conservation of seeds, as well as the amount of light, are important factors for good germination and seedling production quality. In the present study the effect of storage and different levels of light on the emergence and initial growth of seedlings of (Magonia pubescens St. Hil. was evaluated. Two experiments were conducted. In the first one, the storage was done in three packaging types (aluminum foil, paper and plastic bag low density polyethylene) and under two temperatures (10 and 25 °C) for three periods of storage (30, 60 and 90 days) or without storage. In the second experiment the initial growth of seedlings was studied in four shading levels (30, 50 and 70%) and full sun. The seeds of M. pubescens germinate best when they were not stored, with averages of 97% compared to 69% after 90 days of storage. If necessary, the storage must be carried in a plastic bag at 25 °C for 90 days. The seedlings had higher emergence and quality when sowing and growth were performed under 50% of shading.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar uma emergencia e crescimento inicial de mudas de copaiba ( Copaifera langsdorffi Desf.) Sob diferentes substratos. A semeadura foi realizada nos substratos: solo, Bioplant®, solo + areia, solo + Bioplant® e solo + areia + cama-de-frango. Foram avaliadas, velocidade de emergencia e crescimento de plântulas. Para uma emergencia de plântulas de copaiba sao indicados todos os substratos, exceto mistura solo + areia + cama-de-frango. Para o crescimento inicial, indicado pelo indice de qualidade de Dickson, o melhor substrato foi solo solo.

The aim of this work was describe the germination and evaluate the desiccation and reduction in desiccation-sensitivity of Hancornia speciosa Gomes seeds. Initially, we evaluated the germination characteristics and morphophysiological aspects of seedlings. The seeds in the first experiment were subjected to fast desiccation (activated silica gel) and slow desiccation (laboratory conditions) until the water content reached 40%, 30%, 20%, and 15% ± 2%. To reduce the desiccation sensitivity, in the second experiment, the seeds were soaked in polyethylene glycol (PEG) at potentials of -0.1 and -0.3 MPa for 120 h, with or without abscisic acid (ABA) (10 -4 µM), and subsequently subjected to fast desiccation until a water content of 15% was reached, based on the results from the first experiment. The seed vigor in both experiments was evaluated by the primary root protrusion tests, percentage of normal seedlings, germination speed index, length and mass (shoot, underground, and total). Seedlings of H. speciosa feature a stem-like xylopodium structure. The seeds were tolerant to water reduction up to 15% by fast desiccation and 30% by slow desiccation. Moreover, priming was not efficient in reducing the desiccation sensitivity of H. speciosa seeds.