Search

Consumers often receive and evaluate temporal information, such as the number of days it will take a package to arrive or the number of days a vacation will last. Across eight preregistered studies (N = 4,758), we examine how using days-of-the-week information in descriptions of temporal intervals (e.g., “ordered on Monday, February 1, delivered on Saturday, February 6” vs. “ordered on February 1, delivered on February 6”) affects consumers’ duration perceptions. We propose that the days-of-the-week framing prompts people to rely on narrow-span implicit scales characterized by lower thresholds for magnitude categories. These implicit scales lead people to judge objectively equivalent temporal intervals to be longer, which in turn has downstream consequences for consumers’ time-versus-money tradeoffs, work planning, and provider-switching decisions. This research adds to our understanding of how decision context can activate different implicit scales and how these scales shape consumer judgments.

The article is a response to the arguments by A.L. Nikiforov on the theoretical foundations of the philosophical concept of progress. It focuses on the analysis of the terminological apparatus’ formation within Russian academic philosophy in the 18th century – the time when both Russian science and philosophy emerged. Based on historical material, the author analyses (1) two possible ways of development of philosophical terminology in Russian language; (2) the general position of the Russian language in science and its prospects; (3) the possibility of assessing the changes that have taken place with the philosophical language during this period in the framework of the progressive paradigm. The author identifies the criteria for which the process of the formation of philosophical terminology can be characterized as progressive for Russian philosophy and the Russian language as a whole.

Conditional multi‐item promotions are a prevalent marketing tactic whereby consumers have to buy a certain number of products to get a discount. This paper examines how framing a multi‐item promotion in terms of savings on multiple items versus a single item (e.g., “buy two, get X% off on both” vs. “buy two, get 2X% off on the cheaper item”) affects consumers’ decision‐making and product choices. Two laboratory studies and a field study at a boutique clothing store demonstrate that the “2X% on cheaper” framing makes consumers more likely to select similarly priced primary and secondary items. This strategy is driven by increased focus on promotional savings under the “2X% on cheaper” framing, which leads consumers to spend more on their secondary items. Overall, this research shows how a subtle change in the framing of multi‐item promotions changes consumers’ product selection strategies and shopping basket composition.

The paper presents the data on new locations in forest communities of the Rostov Region of vascular plant spe-cies listed in the regional Red Data Book. More than 200 new localities were recorded for 42 species between 2008 and 2020. Matteucia struthiopteris is recorded for the first time in the Rostov Region. 22 species are rec-ommended for inclusion into the new edition of the Red Data Book of the Rostov Region.

Consumers often have to make trade‐offs between desirable, “more is better”, and undesirable, “less is better”, attributes. What drives whether the desirable or the undesirable attributes will be weighed more heavily in decisions? We show that the extent to which consumers focus on desirable versus undesirable attributes depends on the overall attractiveness of their consideration sets. The less attractive the options under consideration are – the higher is the weight allocated to undesirable attributes, such as price. Three experiments set in the contexts of lottery ticket purchasing (study 1), hotel booking (study 2), elections (study 3), and a conjoint study of online course evaluations (study 4) (N = 2,149, p‐curve power estimate 90%), demonstrate that unattractive sets increase the relative weight of “undesirable” attributes (e.g. price of a product, workload of a course); and lead to increased preference for options superior on these attributes.

Consumers’ price evaluations are influenced by the left-digit bias, wherein consumers judge the difference between $4.00 and $2.99 to be larger than that between $4.01 and $3.00, even though the numeric differences are identical. This research examines when and why consumers are more likely to fall prey to the left-digit bias. The authors propose that the left-digit bias is stronger in stimulus-based price evaluations, wherein people see the focal price and the reference price side by side, and weaker in memory-based price evaluations, wherein people have to retrieve at least one price from memory. This is because in stimulus-based price evaluations, people tend to rely on perceptual representations of prices without rounding them. In memory-based price evaluations, they rely more on conceptual representations, which makes them more likely to round the prices. Results from six studies—five experiments and a scanner panel study—support the hypothesis that the left-digit bias is stronger in stimulus-based evaluations. These results inform managers about when to use left-digit pricing and characterize fundamental differences between stimulus-based and memory-based evaluations.

Based on the modified thermodynamic model, we calculate the density of olivine-pyroxene mixtures at different proportions of molecular masses in minerals at temperatures of 1000–1700 K and pressures up to 17 GPa. The calculated density of the olivine-pyroxene mixtures is compared with the PREM model and the average density patterns of the Asian and Arctic regions estimated from the data on the Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion in upper mantle conditions. Taking into account the characteristic temperature profiles of different tectonic units in Asia (Tibetan plateau, Khangay dome, Baikal rift and southern Siberian Platform) and the Arctic (Chukotka fold belt, Barents Sea, northern Greenland and Eurasia Basin), we discuss density patterns and features of the mantle composition underneath structures and to depths of 200 km, where the most significant variations in their density patterns are observed. The results obtained suggest some insights into the geodynamic evolution of the lithosphere in the study area. The calculated density characteristics of the components in the upper mantle and the modelling of their composition are compared with average density patterns under the tectonic units, in order to show the possibilities of previously developed equations of state. It has been shown that the composition (0.9(Mg0.9Fe0.1)2SiO4 + 0.1MgSiO3) describes the PREM model well, in addition to the average velocity patterns of the study regions. Variations in mineralogical compositions are revealed between stable structures and the areas with high levels of tectonic and seismic activity. The present paper could be of interest to geophysicists and mineralogists as it researches overlapping topics for both sciences, indicating the relationship between seismicity and features of the deep structure of the upper mantle.

The article is devoted to the analysis of research approaches and attitudes to the study of the a priori in the philosophy of science. In the first part, I outline the basic premises of this study: (a) scientific knowledge as the highest manifestation of rationality; (b) the normative nature of scientific knowledge. In the second part, I turn to the difference in the subject of philosophical research on the history of science – the history of science as a “history of facts” vs the history of science as a history of scientific thought. The third part discusses the main theoretical and technical difficulty associated with changing the subject of research – the possibility of a transition from historical fact to “scientific thought at the time of its birth” (in Helene Metzger terminology). The forth part is devoted to the analysis of the “model approach” (Arianna Betti, Hein van den Berg) in philosophy as a possible way to overcome this difficulty and includes both theoretical and technical aspects of the future direction of research. In conclusion, consequences are drawn about the possibility of using the “model approach” for reconstruction a priori in the history of science as “constitutive elements of scientific knowledge” (David Stump).

Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like disease is a rare side effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The most commonly involved organs in such condition are the lungs, skin, and lymph nodes. The aim of this study is to report the number of cases and the clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis induced by anti-TNF in our RA UCLouvain Brussels cohort. All case records of RA patients ever treated with a TNF inhibitor and presenting anti-TNF induced sarcoidosis in our rheumatology centers from 2000 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Our RA UCLouvain Brussels cohort includes 2492 patients. Among them, 697 patients have been or are exposed to a TNF inhibitor. Only four patients with sarcoidosis induced by anti-TNF were identified and reviewed. Patient 1 was classified as incomplete Heerfordt syndrome. Patient 2 was a case of sarcoid-like granulomatosis manifesting as life-threatening hypercalcemia, acute kidney injury and atypical parenchymal pneumopathy. Patients 3 and 4 developed pulmonary sarcoidosis with hilar adenopathies. The TNF inhibitor was etanercept for the first three patients and infliximab for the last one. The time occurrence of sarcoidosis was highly variable after anti-TNF exposure. All patients recovered after glucocorticoid treatment and the discontinuation of the anti-TNF agent. This case highlights this rare paradoxical side effect and the variability of the clinical presentation. Further studies should analyze the immunopathology of such conditions.

ObjectivesOur goal was to assess for the histological and transcriptomic effects of abatacept on RA synovia, and to compare them with previously published data from four other DMARDs: tocilizumab, rituximab, methotrexate, and adalimumab.MethodsSynovial tissue was obtained using ultrasound-guided biopsy from affected joints of 14 patients, before and 16 weeks after treatment with subcutaneous abatacept 125 mg weekly. Paraffin-sections were stained and scored for CD3+, CD20+, and CD68+ cell infiltration. Transcriptional profiling was performed using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix) and analyzed on Genespring GX (Agilent). Pathway analyses were performed on Genespring GX, Metascape, and EnrichR.ResultsGene expression analysis identified 304 transcripts modulated by abatacept in synovial tissue. Downregulated genes were significantly enriched for immune processes, strongly overlapping with our findings on other therapies. Data were pooled across these studies, revealing that genes downregulated by DMARDs are significantly enriched for both T-cell and myeloid leukocyte activation pathways. Interestingly, DMARDs seem to have coordinate effects on the two pathways, with a stronger impact in good responders to therapy as compared to moderate and non-responders.ConclusionWe provide evidence that the effects of five DMARDs on the RA synovium culminate in the same pathways. This confirms previous studies suggesting the existence of common mediators downstream of DMARDs, independent of their primary targets.

Objectives Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarPAs) are present in RA sera and have been associated with erosive disease. The exact targets of anti-CarPAs in vivo are currently not well known; we used a proteomic approach on serum and SF of RA patients to assess the human carbamylome and to identify carbamylated autoantigens as potential biomarkers in early RA. Methods Mass spectrometry was performed on SF and serum from RA patients. Carbamylated proteins present in both sample types were selected as candidate autoantigens for the establishment of ELISAs. A cohort of early RA patients was tested for positivity for specific anti-CarPAs. Results Eleven novel carbamylated proteins were identified, and five were selected as potential autoantigens for detection of anti-CarPAs. Among them, antibodies against carbamylated hemopexin (anti-CaHPX) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (anti-CaA2M) showed comparable diagnostic value to the established carbamylated foetal calf serum–based ELISA. A cohort of 189 early RA patients was studied. The combination of these new biomarkers with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and RF identified 89% of early RA patients in our cohort. There was little correlation between the tested biomarkers, and each one of the tested antigens could identify a different subset of seronegative RA patients. Anti-CaA2M positivity showed clinical potential, being associated with higher disease disability. Conclusion We highlight the detection of novel carbamylated autoantigens in vivo using a combined proteomics approach in the SF and serum of RA patients. Anti-CaHPX and anti-CaA2M are promising clinical biomarkers, especially in seronegative RA.

Resume Objectifs Evaluer la correlation entre progression structurale en radiographie a 5 ans et remission clinique precoce dans la PR debutante. Secondairement, evaluer la correlation entre l’apparition d’erosion sur une articulation initialement saine et la remission clinique precoce. Methodes Etude retrospective monocentrique de 133 patients presentant une PR debutante selon les criteres ACR. Deux radiologues ont quantifie independamment l’atteinte radiologique structurale des mains et des avant-pieds par le score de Sharp Van der Heijde (SVdH) au diagnostic et a 5 ans. Deux groupes de patients ont ete constitues : « RX-STAB » avec une evolution du SVdH ≤ 10 et « RX-PROG » avec une evolution du SVdH > 10. La reponse clinique a ete evaluee a 3, 6 et 12 mois avec une remission clinique definie par les scores DAS28-CRP, SDAI, CDAI et selon l’analyse booleenne des criteres EULAR ACR. Resultats Un total de 90 patients appartenaient au groupe RX-STAB (evolution moyenne du score SVdH de 2,4 ± 2,9) et 43 au groupe RX-PROG (22,9 ± 13,4). Les scores d’activite clinique a 6 mois etaient plus eleves dans le groupe RX-PROG (p Conclusion Obtenir une remission clinique a 6 mois est essentiel pour prevenir la progression structurale dans la PR debutante.

IntroductionJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a very heterogeneous disease. As such, it has been a challenge to describe the disease activity of JIA cohorts. Our objective was to describe the first Belgian cohort of children with JIA by assessing their disease characteristics, outcomes, and potential markers of prognosis.MethodsThe CAP48 cohort is a multicentric observational study of children with recent or well-established diagnosis of JIA (naïve or not to treatment at baseline), evaluated every 3 to 6 months during a follow-up of 10 years.ResultsThere were 125 children included, composing of 25 naïve and 100 established patients. Their median age at onset was 6.2 and 4.2 years in the naïve and established cohort respectively, with a predominance of female. All subtypes of JIA were represented in both cohorts. The mean DAS28-CRP and JADAS10-CRP at baseline in naïve patients was 2.52 and 6.0 respectively. Uveitis occurred in 19% of patients and was strongly associated with presence of antinuclear antibodies (odds ratio of 6). Among naïve patients, 55% were in remission at 12 months according to ACR criteria and JADAS10 scores, in contrast with 100% achieving DAS28 remission. ConclusionThis first cohort study in Belgium allowed to compare its data to other existing cohorts and to evaluate quality of care in Belgian French-speaking hospitals. Additionally, it highlighted a superiority of JADAS10 over DAS28 to monitor and evaluate remission in JIA. This study also underlined a need for more accurate markers of prognosis to improve treatment and long-term outcomes.

The 3D gravity inversion was realized in order to reveal the density features of the Earth's crust the Barents Sea. The original 3D density model of the region includes both lateral and depth density`s changes.The main steps of the modelling are:- The calculation of the anomalies of the gravity field in Bouguer reduction with the three-dimensional gravitational effect correction of the seabed.- Gravity field correction for the three-dimensional influence of the Moho boundary (according to the GEMMA model). The excess density at the Moho picked by minimizing the standard (root-mean-square) deviation of the gravity effect from GEMMA Moho boundary and Bouguer anomalies. So, the regional density jump at the Moho border is 0.4 g / cm3.- Based on regional geological and geophysical data about the deep structure of the Barents Sea, it was developed generalized dependence of density changes by depth in the sedimentary cover and the consolidated part of the earth's crust.- Compilation of 3D original model of the base of the sedimentary cover on predictive algorithms of neural networks. The neural network was trained on several reference areas located in different parts Barents area using a number of potential fields transformations and the bottom of the sedimentary cover from model SedThick 2.0.- Using the resulted dependence of the crust density change by depth and a new model of the sedimentary cover bottom, the gravitational field corrected for the impact of the sedimentary cover with variable density.- The finally stripped gravity field is used to create density model above and below the base of the sedimentary cover. Frequency filtering on Poisson wavelets [Kuznetsov et al., 2020] had been used for the final separation of the gravitational field into its components.- The inverse task was solved using specialized volumetric regularization [Chepigo, 2020].As a result, the crust of the Barents Sea density inhomogeneities were localized by depth and laterally in 3D model, which became the basis for further structural-tectonic mapping.ReferencesChepigo L.S. GravInv3D [3D density modeling software]. Patent RF, no. 2020615095, 2020. https://en.gravinv.ru/Kuznetsov K.M. and Bulychev A.A. GravMagSpectrum3D [Program for spectral analysis of potential fields]. Patent RF, no. 2020619135, 2020.

The equations of state of different phases in the CaSiO3 system (wollastonite, pseudowollastonite, breyite (walstromite), larnite (Ca2SiO4), titanite-structured CaSi2O5 and CaSiO3-perovskite) are constructed using a thermodynamic model based on the Helmholtz free energy. We used known experimental measurements of heat capacity, enthalpy, and thermal expansion at zero pressure and high temperatures, and volume measurements at different pressures and temperatures for calculation of parameters of equations of state of studied Ca-silicates. The used thermodynamic model has allowed us to calculate a full set of thermodynamic properties (entropy, heat capacity, bulk moduli, thermal expansion, Gibbs energy, etc.) of Ca-silicates in a wide range of pressures and temperatures. The phase diagram of the CaSiO3 system is constructed at pressures up to 20 GPa and temperatures up to 2000 K and clarifies the phase boundaries of Ca-silicates under upper mantle conditions. The calculated wollastonite–breyite equilibrium line corresponds to equation P(GPa) = −4.7 × T(K) + 3.14. The calculated density and adiabatic bulk modulus of CaSiO3-perovskite is compared with the PREM model. The calcium content in the perovskite composition will increase the density of mineral and it good agree with the density according to the PREM model at the lower mantle region.

Introduction In the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), there is a lack of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This study assesses the use of serum calprotectin (sCal) as a marker to monitor disease activity, and as a classification and prognosis tool of response to treatment or risk of flares in patients with JIA. Methods Eighty-one patients with JIA from the CAP48 multicentric cohort were included in this study, as well as 11 non-paediatric healthy controls. An ELISA method was used to quantify sCal with a commercial kit. Results Patients with an active disease compared with healthy controls and with patients with inactive disease showed an eightfold and a twofold increased level of sCal, respectively. sCal was found to be correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) and even more strongly with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Evolution of DAS28 scores correlated well with evolution of sCal, as opposed to evolution of CRP. With regard to CRP, sCal could differentiate forms with active oligoarthritis from polyarthritis and systemic forms. However, sCal brought an added value compared with the CRP as a prognosis marker. Indeed, patients with active disease and reaching minimal disease activity (according to Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score) at 6 months following the test had higher sCal levels, while patients with inactive disease had higher sCal levels if a flare was observed up to 3–9 months following the test. Conclusions This study confirms the potential uses of sCal as a biomarker in the diagnosis and follow-up of JIA.

Currently, the integration of seismic and "non-seismic" geophysical research methods is increasingly demanded by the practice of exploration. Further improvement of the efficiency of the complex of seismometry and gravimetry, its wide introduction into practice, requires both the creation of recommendations on the methodology of joint interpretation of these methods, and the determination of limitations on the scale of surveying and the specifics of the considered cross-sections, affecting the effectiveness of the methods of the studied geological structures. The aim of the presented work is to identify the main factors that determine the limits of applicability of seismic-gravity modeling.The possibilities of seismic-gravity modeling in conditions of different physical and geological structure of the considered environment, scale, level and quality of the initial data were investigated on real objects. It is shown that it is impossible to totally formalize a single approach (algorithmize) to the creation of a seismic-gravity model. The modeling technique inevitably changes, adapts to the physical and geological situation and the completeness and detail of a priori information. Against the background of numerous positive examples of use, the situations difficult for seismic-gravity modeling are given and analyzed carefully and the reasons for the low efficiency of the method are revealed.The experience of practical research has shown that the effectiveness of seismic-gravity modeling is primarily influence by such features of geological structure as the extent of compartmentalization of the reflector horizons’ geometry, contrast and depth of the density boundaries, the accordance of seismic and gravity exploration (both field survey and target exploration intervals), the intricacy of the geological history of the region.The findings are important at the design stage of field work to compile a set of geophysical methods, the most effective for this area of study.

ObjectivesWe explored histological and transcriptomic profiles of paired synovial biopsies from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, in order to assess homogeneity in synovial tissue at the individual level.MethodsSynovial biopsies were performed simultaneously in one small and one large joint per patient using needle-arthroscopy for the knee and ultrasound-guided biopsy for the hand or wrist. Synovium from individuals with osteoarthritis was used as controls. Paraffin-embedded samples were stained for CD3, CD20, and CD68. Total RNA was hybridized on high-density microarrays. TCRB variable sequences were obtained from synovial and blood RNA samples.ResultsTwenty paired biopsies from 10 RA patients with active disease were analyzed. Semi-quantification of histological markers showed a positive correlation for synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates and CD3-positive T cells between pairs. Pairwise comparison of transcriptomic profiles showed similar expression of RA-related molecular pathways (TCR signaling, T cell costimulation and response to TNFα). T cells clonotypes were enriched in all but one joints compared to blood, regardless of the magnitude of T cell infiltration. Enriched clonotypes were shared between pairs (23–100%), but this was less the case in pairs of joints displaying weaker T cell signatures and more pronounced germinal center-like transcriptomic profiles.ConclusionCellular and molecular alterations in RA synovitis are similar between small and large joints from the same patient. Interindividual differences in magnitude of T cell infiltrates and distribution of enriched T cell clonotypes support the concept of distinct synovial pathotypes in RA that are associated with systemic versus local antigen-driven activation of T cells.

Contains fulltext : 228242.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Drawing on the concept of a gale of creative destruction in a capitalistic economy, we argue that initiatives to assess the robustness of findings in the organizational literature should aim to simultaneously test competing ideas operating in the same theoretical space. In other words, replication efforts should seek not just to support or question the original findings, but also to replace them with revised, stronger theories with greater explanatory power. Achieving this will typically require adding new measures, conditions, and subject populations to research designs, in order to carry out conceptual tests of multiple theories in addition to directly replicating the original findings. To illustrate the value of the creative destruction approach for theory pruning in organizational scholarship, we describe recent replication initiatives re-examining culture and work morality, working parents’ reasoning about day care options, and gender discrimination in hiring decisions. Significance statement It is becoming increasingly clear that many, if not most, published research findings across scientific fields are not readily replicable when the same method is repeated. Although extremely valuable, failed replications risk leaving a theoretical void - reducing confidence the original theoretical prediction is true, but not replacing it with positive evidence in favor of an alternative theory. We introduce the creative destruction approach to replication, which combines theory pruning methods from the field of management with emerging best practices from the open science movement, with the aim of making replications as generative as possible. In effect, we advocate for a Replication 2.0 movement in which the goal shifts from checking on the reliability of past findings to actively engaging in competitive theory testing and theory building. Scientific transparency statement The materials, code, and data for this article are posted publicly on the Open Science Framework, with links provided in the article. 19 p.

The article deals with the problems of the sustainability of human potential in the post-Soviet states in the new socio-economic reality. At one pole is Russia, where the price of social adaptation to unprecedented sanctions pressure is extremely high, at the other are the EAEU countries, in which, due to socio–economic connectivity with Russia, the horizon for human potential building and further development inevitably narrows. It is shown that inter-country differences in the quality of human potential in the post-Soviet area are likely to only increase in the near future and are determined, on the one hand, by the reserve of societal resilience accumulated in the pre-sanctions period, and on the other hand, by the ability of the social policy to quickly extinguish the waves from the macroeconomic shocks.

Modified equations of state (EoS) of forsterite, wadsleyite, ringwoodite, akimotoite, bridgmanite and post-perovskite based on the Helmholtz free energy are described using Microsoft Excel spreadsh...