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1. Utility of Machine Learning in the Prediction of Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure in Liver Cancer

Author

Tashiro H, Onoe T, Tanimine N, Tazuma S, Shibata Y, Sudo T, Sada H, Shimada N, Tazawa H, Suzuki T, and Shimizu Y

Subjects
machine learning, posthepatectomy liver failure, liver cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Hirotaka Tashiro, Takashi Onoe, Naoki Tanimine, Sho Tazuma, Yoshiyuki Shibata, Takeshi Sudo, Haruki Sada, Norimitsu Shimada, Hirofumi Tazawa, Takahisa Suzuki, Yosuke Shimizu Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, Kure, Hiroshima, JapanCorrespondence: Hirotaka Tashiro, Department of Surgery, Kure Medical Center Chugoku Cancer Center, National Hospital Organization, 3-1, Aoyama, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan, Tel +823223111, Fax +823210478, Email tashiro.hirotaka.zn@mail.hosp.go.jpBackground: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a serious complication associated with high mortality rates. Machine learning (ML) has rapidly developed and may outperform traditional models in predicting PHLF in patients who have undergone hepatectomy. This study aimed to predict PHLF using ML and compare its performance with that of traditional scoring systems.Methods: The clinicopathological data of 334 patients who underwent liver resection were retrospectively collected. The Pycaret library, a simple, open-source machine learning library, was used to compare multiple classification models for PHLF prediction. The predictive performance of 15 ML algorithms was compared using the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and accuracy, and the best-fit model was selected among 15 ML algorithms. Next, the predictive performance of the selected ML-PHLF model was compared with that of routine scoring systems, the albumin-bilirubin score (ALBI) and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, using AUROC.Results: The best model was extreme gradient boosting (accuracy:93.1%; AUROC:0.863) among the 15 ML algorithms. As compared with ALBI and FIB-4, the ML PHLF model had higher AUROC for predicting PHLF.Conclusion: The novel ML model for predicting PHLF outperformed routine scoring systems.Keywords: machine learning, posthepatectomy liver failure, liver cancer

Published
2024

2. Anti-IL-5 Agents for the Treatment of Idiopathic Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A Case Series

Author

Tashiro H, Takahashi K, Kurihara Y, Sadamatsu H, Kuwahara Y, Kimura S, and Sueoka-Aragane N

Subjects
chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, idiopathic, anti-il-5 agents, mepolizumab, benralizumab, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Hiroki Tashiro, Koichiro Takahashi, Yuki Kurihara, Hironori Sadamatsu, Yuki Kuwahara, Shinya Kimura, Naoko Sueoka-Aragane Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JapanCorrespondence: Hiroki TashiroDivision of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Prefecture, 849-8501, Japan, Tel +81-952-34-2369, Fax +81-952-34-2017, Email si3222@cc.saga-u.ac.jpPurpose: Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) is a rare, chronic respiratory disease. Corticosteroid therapy is effective for ICEP, but relapse is frequent after its tapering, which leads to chronic use and corticosteroid-related adverse effects. Currently, biological agents targeting interleukin 5 (IL-5) are considered alternatives for treating ICEP patients with frequent relapse, but the detailed effects are not fully understood.Patients and Methods: The clinical characteristics of 30 patients with ICEP, especially 12 patients with ICEP who experienced relapse after corticosteroid dose tapering, were evaluated retrospectively. In addition, 4 ICEP patients with frequent relapse treated by IL-5-targeted biological agents were reviewed.Results: Of the 30 patients diagnosed with ICEP, 12 patients (40.0%) recurred after corticosteroid dose tapering, and 9 (30.0%) were treated with maintenance doses of corticosteroid. Of ICEP patients who experienced recurrence, 6 (50.0%) had frequent relapses (2 or more times). All 4 patients treated with anti-IL-5 agents had their corticosteroid dose reduced without any relapses; in 3 patients, corticosteroids were withdrawn.Conclusion: Anti-IL-5 agents might be alternatives for treating ICEP patients with frequent relapses.Keywords: chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, idiopathic, anti-IL-5 agents, mepolizumab, benralizumab

Published
2022

3. Factors Associated with Reduction of Sedentary Time Following Tiotropium/Olodaterol Therapy in Treatment-Naïve Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Takahashi K, Tashiro H, Tajiri R, Takamori A, Uchida M, Kato G, Kurihara Y, Sadamatsu H, Kinoshita T, Yoshida M, Kawaguchi A, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N, and Kawayama T

Subjects
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physical activity, sedentary time, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta 2 agonist, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Koichiro Takahashi,1 Hiroki Tashiro,1 Ryo Tajiri,2 Ayako Takamori,2 Masaru Uchida,3 Go Kato,4 Yuki Kurihara,1 Hironori Sadamatsu,1 Takashi Kinoshita,5 Makoto Yoshida,6 Atsushi Kawaguchi,2,7 Shinya Kimura,1 Naoko Sueoka-Aragane,1 Tomotaka Kawayama5 On behalf of Saga-naïve COPD Physical Activity Evaluation (SCOPE) Study Investigator Group1Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; 2Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; 3Division of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Saga Central Hospital, Saga, Japan; 4Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saga Prefectural Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan; 5Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; 6Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; 7Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JapanCorrespondence: Koichiro TakahashiDivision of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, JapanEmail takahak@cc.saga-u.ac.jpBackground: Prolonged sedentary behavior is associated with worse prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous study found that first-line dual therapy with tiotropium/olodaterol significantly reduces sedentary time compared to tiotropium monotherapy in Japanese patients with treatment-naïve COPD, although the characteristics of responders to dual-therapy versus monotherapy for COPD are still unclear.Methods: Patients with treatment-naïve COPD were randomized to receive either tiotropium or tiotropium/olodaterol treatment for 12 weeks. Physical activity was assessed using a triaxle accelerometer for 2 weeks before and after treatment. This analysis focused on the change in sedentary time, indicated by physical activity of 1.0– 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), with stratification for the following factors: age, body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function, COPD assessment test (CAT), the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and physical activity level at study entry.Results: Thirty-five patients received tiotropium/olodaterol and 34 patients received tiotropium. In patients with lower inspiratory capacity at study entry, a significant reduction in sedentary time was observed in the tiotropium/olodaterol group compared with the tiotropium group (Tio: − 12.8 ± 13.5 min, Tio/Olo: − 65.1 ± 21.0 min, mean difference, − 52.2 min, 95% CI − 103.6 to 0.88, p = 0.046). In patients with a shorter duration of physical activity of ≥ 2 METs at study entry, a significant reduction of sedentary time was observed in the tiotropium/olodaterol group compared with the tiotropium group (Tio: − 3.3 ± 17.5 min, Tio/Olo: − 72.9 ± 23.1 min, mean difference, − 69.7 min, 95% CI − 128.7 to − 10.6, p = 0.02). There were no differences in terms of age, BMI, CAT score, 6MWD, FEV1, FVC, VC, and physical activity of 1.0– 1.5 METs and ≥ 3.0 METs.Conclusion: This study showed that COPD patients with lower inspiratory capacity or shorter active time of ≥ 2.0 METs at study entry are likely to exhibit significantly greater reduction in sedentary time with tiotropium/olodaterol treatment.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physical activity, sedentary time, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta 2 agonist

Published
2021

4. Biomarkers for Overweight in Adult-Onset Asthma

Author

Tashiro H, Takahashi K, Sadamatsu H, Kurihara Y, Haraguchi T, Tajiri R, Takamori A, Kimura S, and Sueoka-Aragane N

Subjects
asthma, overweight, biomarker, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Hiroki Tashiro,1 Koichiro Takahashi,1 Hironori Sadamatsu,1 Yuki Kurihara,1 Tetsuro Haraguchi,1 Ryo Tajiri,2 Ayako Takamori,2 Shinya Kimura,1 Naoko Sueoka-Aragane1 1Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; 2Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, JapanCorrespondence: Koichiro TakahashiDivision of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Prefecture 849-8501, JapanTel +81-952-34-2369Fax +81-952-34-2017Email takahak@cc.saga-u.ac.jpPurpose: Overweight and obesity are associated with one of the severe phenotypes of asthma, with an increased rate of exacerbations, low level of lung function, and reduced response to corticosteroid therapy. The present study focused on identifying useful biomarkers of severity in overweight patients with adult-onset asthma using real-world data.Patients and Methods: A total of 56 patients with adult-onset asthma who visited Saga University Hospital between 2018 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2. Blood eosinophils, cytokines, and chemokines were compared between non-overweight asthma and overweight asthma patients.Results: Overweight asthma patients had a higher annual exacerbation rate, lower pulmonary function even when treated frequently with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, and a significantly lower percentage of eosinophils and lower eosinophil count compared to non-overweight asthma patients (p< 0.01, p=0.03). Moreover, the percentage of eosinophils was significantly negatively correlated with BMI (ρ=− 0.38, p< 0.01) (Figure 1). On serum cytokine and chemokine analyses, the overweight asthma group included significantly more patients with a lower level of tissue growth factor α (TGF-α) (1.1 pg/mL) and higher levels of hsIL-6 (2.5 pg/mL), RANTES/CCL5 (298.5 pg/mL), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) (63.7 pg/mL), than the non-overweight asthma group (p=0.02, p< 0.01, p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively).Conclusion: The present study showed that overweight patients with adult-onset asthma were characterized by a higher rate of annual exacerbations and worse lung function despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and lower blood eosinophil counts than non-overweight patients with asthma. On blood cytokine and chemokine analyses, a low level of TGF-α and high levels of hsIL-6, RANTES/CCL5, and VEGF-A might be biomarkers reflecting the pathophysiology in overweight patients with asthma.Keywords: asthma, overweight, biomarker

Published
2020

5. First-Line Treatment with Tiotropium/Olodaterol Improves Physical Activity in Patients with Treatment-Naïve Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Takahashi K, Uchida M, Kato G, Takamori A, Kinoshita T, Yoshida M, Tajiri R, Kojima K, Inoue H, Kobayashi H, Sadamatsu H, Tashiro H, Tanaka M, Hayashi S, Kawaguchi A, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N, and Kawayama T

Subjects
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physical activity, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta 2 agonist, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Koichiro Takahashi,1 Masaru Uchida,2 Go Kato,3 Ayako Takamori,4 Takashi Kinoshita,5 Makoto Yoshida,6 Ryo Tajiri,4 Keisuke Kojima,7 Hiroshi Inoue,8 Hiromi Kobayashi,9 Hironori Sadamatsu,1 Hiroki Tashiro,1 Masahide Tanaka,1 Shinichiro Hayashi,10 Atsushi Kawaguchi,4,11 Shinya Kimura,1 Naoko Sueoka-Aragane,1 Tomotaka Kawayama5 Saga-naïve COPD Physical Activity Evaluation (SCOPE) Study Investigator Group1Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; 2Division of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Saga Central Hospital, Saga, Japan; 3Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saga Prefectural Medical Center Koseikan, Saga, Japan; 4Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; 5Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; 6Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; 7Division of Internal Medicine, Imari Arita Kyouritsu Hospital, Saga, Japan; 8Division of Internal Medicine, Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Saga, Japan; 9Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization East Saga Hospital, Saga, Japan; 10Division of Internal Medicine, Kouhoukai Takagi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; 11Education and Research Center for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, JapanCorrespondence: Koichiro TakahashiDivision of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, JapanEmail takahak@cc.saga-u.ac.jpBackground: Comparative effects on physical activity of mono and dual bronchodilators remain unclear in patients with treatment-naïve chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We sought to compare the changes in physical activity before and after tiotropium and tiotropium/olodaterol treatment in treatment-naïve COPD patients.Methods: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-labeled, and parallel interventional study was conducted. Eighty Japanese patients with treatment-naïve COPD were randomized to receive either tiotropium or tiotropium/olodaterol treatment for 12 weeks. Spirometry and dyspnea index were assessed, and COPD assessment test (CAT) and the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were conducted before and after treatment. Evaluation of physical activity was assessed by a triaxle accelerometer over a 2-week period before and after treatment.Results: There were no differences in the mean age (69.8 vs 70.4 years), body mass index (BMI) (22.5 vs 22.6 kg/m2) and mean % forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) at baseline (61.5 vs 62.6%) between the two groups. Changes in FEV1 (mean±standard error, 242.8± 28.8 mL) and transient dyspnea index (TDI) (2.4± 0.3 points) before and after tiotropium/olodaterol treatment were greater than with tiotropium treatment (104.1± 31.9 mL, p< 0.01 and 1.5± 0.3, p=0.02, respectively). Changes in the duration of physical activity with 1.0– 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) estimated in the sedentary position following tiotropium/olodaterol treatment (− 38.7± 14.7 min) tended to be reduced more than with tiotropium treatment (− 4.6± 10.6 min) (p=0.06), although those with ≥ 2.0 METs numerically increased with both treatments (+10.8± 7.6 min for tiotropium/olodaterol vs +8.3± 7.6 min for tiotropium, p=0.82). Tiotropium/olodaterol treatment reduced the duration of physical activity with 1.0– 1.5 METs (regression coefficient, − 43.6 [95% CI − 84.1, − 3.1], p=0.04) in a multiple regression model adjusted for cofounding factors such as age, FEV1, total CAT scores, 6MWD, and TDI.Conclusion: This is the first study to report the impact of dual bronchodilator on physical activity in treatment-naïve COPD patients of Japanese with low BMI.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physical activity, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta 2 agonist

Published
2020

6. Electromagnetic probes of primordial black holes as dark matter

Author

Ali-Haimoud, Y., Clesse, S., Garcia-Bellido, J., Kashlinsky, A., Wyrzykowski, L., Achucarro, A., Amendola, L., Annis, J., Arbey, A., Arendt, R. G., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bellomo, N., Belotsky, K., Bernal, J-L., Bird, S., Bozza, V., Byrnes, C., Novati, S. Calchi, Calore, F., Carr, B. J., Chluba, J., Cholis, I., Cieplak, A., Cole, P., Dalianis, I., Davis, A-C., Davis, T., De Luca, V., Dvorkin, I., Emparan, R., Ezquiaga, J-M., Fleury, P., Franciolini, G., Gaggero, D., Georg, J., Germani, C., Giudice, G-F., Goobar, A., Hasinger, G., Hector, A., Hundertmark, M ., Hutsi, G., Jansen, R., Kamionkowski, M., Kawasaki, M., Kazanas, D., Kehagias, A., Khlopov, M., Knebe, A., Kohri, K., Koushiappas, S., Kovetz, E., Kuhnel, F., MacGibbon, J., Marzola, L., Mediavilla, E., Meszaros, P., Mroz, P., Munoz, J., Musco, I., Nesseris, S., Ozsoy, O., Pani, P., Poulin, V., Raccanelli, A., Racco, D., Raidal, M., Ranc, C., Rattenbury, N., Rhodes, J., Ricotti, M., Riotto, A., Rubin, S., Rubio, J., Ruiz-Morales, E., Sasaki, M., Schnittman, J., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R., Takada, M., Takhistov, V., Tashiro, H., Tasinato, G., Tringas, G., Unal, C., Tada, Y., Tsapras, Y., Vaskonen, V., Veermae, H., Vidotto, F., Watson, S., Windhorst, R., Yokoyama, S., and Young, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The LIGO discoveries have rekindled suggestions that primordial black holes (BHs) may constitute part to all of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe. Such suggestions came from 1) the observed merger rate of the BHs, 2) their unusual masses, 3) their low/zero spins, and 4) also from the independently uncovered cosmic infrared background (CIB) fluctuations signal of high amplitude and coherence with unresolved cosmic X-ray background (CXB). Here we summarize the prospects to resolve this important issue with electromagnetic observations using the instruments and tools expected in the 2020's. These prospects appear promising to make significant, and potentially critical, advances. We demonstrate that in the next decade, new space- and ground-borne electromagnetic instruments, combined with concurrent theoretical efforts, should shed critical light on the long-considered link between primordial BHs and DM. Specifically the new data and methodologies under this program will involve: I) Probing with high precision the spatial spectrum of source-subtracted CIB with Euclid and WFIRST, and its coherence with unresolved cosmic X-ray background using eROSITA and Athena, II) Advanced searches for microlensing of Galactic stars by the intervening Galactic Halo BHs with OGLE, Gaia, LSST and WFIRST, III) Supernovae (SNe) lensing in the upcoming surveys with WFIRST, LSST and also potentially with Euclid and JWST, IV) Advanced theoretical work to understand the details of PBH accretion and evolution and their influence on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in light of the next generation CMB experiments, V) Better new samples and theoretical understanding involving stability and properties of ultra faint dwarf galaxies, pulsar timing, and cosmological quasar lensing., Comment: Science whitepaper submitted to the Astro2020 Decadal Survey

Published
2019

7. Spectral Distortions of the CMB as a Probe of Inflation, Recombination, Structure Formation and Particle Physics

Author

Chluba, J., Kogut, A., Patil, S. P., Abitbol, M. H., Aghanim, N., Ali-Haimoud, Y., Amin, M. A., Aumont, J., Bartolo, N., Basu, K., Battistelli, E. S., Battye, R., Baumann, D., Ben-Dayan, I., Bolliet, B., Bond, J. R., Bouchet, F. R., Burgess, C. P., Burigana, C., Byrnes, C. T., Cabass, G., Chuss, D. T., Clesse, S., Cole, P. S., Dai, L., de Bernardis, P., Delabrouille, J., Desjacques, V., de Zotti, G., Diacoumis, J. A. D., Dimastrogiovanni, E., Di Valentino, E., Dunkley, J., Durrer, R., Dvorkin, C., Ellis, J., Eriksen, H. K., Fasiello, M., Fixsen, D., Finelli, F., Flauger, R., Galli, S., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gervasi, M., Gluscevic, V., Grin, D., Hart, L., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Hill, J. C., Jeong, D., Johnson, B. R., Lagache, G., Lee, E., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Kamionkowski, M., Khatri, R., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Kunze, K. E., Mangilli, A., Masi, S., Mather, J., Matarrese, S., Miville-Deschenes, M. A., Montaruli, T., Munchmeyer, M., Mukherjee, S., Nakama, T., Nati, F., Ota, A., Page, L. A., Pajer, E., Poulin, V., Ravenni, A., Reichardt, C., Remazeilles, M., Rotti, A., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Sarkar, A., Sarkar, S., Savini, G., Scott, D., Serpico, P. D., Silk, J., Souradeep, T., Spergel, D. N., Starobinsky, A. A., Subrahmanyan, R., Sunyaev, R. A., Switzer, E., Tartari, A., Tashiro, H., Thakur, R. Basu, Trombetti, T., Wallisch, B., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Wollack, E. J., Zaldarriaga, M., and Zannoni, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Following the pioneering observations with COBE in the early 1990s, studies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have focused on temperature and polarization anisotropies. CMB spectral distortions - tiny departures of the CMB energy spectrum from that of a perfect blackbody - provide a second, independent probe of fundamental physics, with a reach deep into the primordial Universe. The theoretical foundation of spectral distortions has seen major advances in recent years, which highlight the immense potential of this emerging field. Spectral distortions probe a fundamental property of the Universe - its thermal history - thereby providing additional insight into processes within the cosmological standard model (CSM) as well as new physics beyond. Spectral distortions are an important tool for understanding inflation and the nature of dark matter. They shed new light on the physics of recombination and reionization, both prominent stages in the evolution of our Universe, and furnish critical information on baryonic feedback processes, in addition to probing primordial correlation functions at scales inaccessible to other tracers. In principle the range of signals is vast: many orders of magnitude of discovery space could be explored by detailed observations of the CMB energy spectrum. Several CSM signals are predicted and provide clear experimental targets, some of which are already observable with present-day technology. Confirmation of these signals would extend the reach of the CSM by orders of magnitude in physical scale as the Universe evolves from the initial stages to its present form. The absence of these signals would pose a huge theoretical challenge, immediately pointing to new physics., Comment: Astro2020 Science White Paper, 5 pages text, 13 pages in total, 3 Figures, minor update to references

Published
2019

8. Study of systematics effects on the Cross Power Spectrum of 21 cm Line and Cosmic Microwave Background using Murchison Widefield Array Data

Author

Yoshiura, S., Ichiki, K., Pindor, B., Takahashi, K., Tashiro, H., and Trott, C. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Observation of the 21cm line signal from neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionization is challenging due to extremely bright Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds and complicated instrumental calibration. A reasonable approach for mitigating these problems is the cross correlation with other observables. In this work, we present the first results of the cross power spectrum (CPS) between radio images observed by the Murchison Widefield Array and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), measured by the Planck experiment. We study the systematics due to the ionospheric activity, the dependence of CPS on group of pointings, and frequency. The resulting CPS is consistent with zero because the error is dominated by the foregrounds in the 21cm observation. Additionally, the variance of the signal indicates the presence of unexpected systematics error at small scales. Furthermore, we reduce the error by one order of magnitude with application of a foreground removal using a polynomial fitting method. Based on the results, we find that the detection of the 21cm-CMB CPS with the MWA Phase I requires more than 99.95% of the foreground signal removed, 2000 hours of deep observation and 50% of the sky fraction coverage., Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, accepted to MNRAS

Published
2018
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11. Gravitational Lensing Effect on the Two-Point Correlation Function of Hot Spots in 21 cm fluctuations

Author

Tashiro, H. and Futamase, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate the weak gravitational lensing effect on the two-point correlation function of local maxima (hot spots) in the cosmic 21 cm fluctuation map. The intrinsic two-point function has a pronounced depression feature around the angular scale of $\theta \sim 40$ arcmin, which depends on the observed frequency and corresponds to the scale of the acoustic oscillation of cosmic plasma before the recombination. It is found that the weak lensing induces a large w-dependent smoothing at that scale where w is the equation of state parameter of dark energy and thus provides a useful constraints on the dark energy property combined with the depression angular scales on the two-point correlation function., Comment: 7 pages, submitted to MNRAS

Published
2009

12. The unusual thickness dependence of superconductivity in $\alpha$-MoGe thin films

Author

Tashiro, H., Graybeal, J. M., Tanner, D. B., Nicol, E. J., Carbotte, J. P., and Carr, G. L.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Thin films of $\alpha$-MoGe show progressively reduced $T_{c}$'s as the thickness is decreased below 30 nm and the sheet resistance exceeds 100 $\Omega/\Box$. We have performed far-infrared transmission and reflection measurements for a set of $\alpha$-MoGe films to characterize this weakened superconducting state. Our results show the presence of an energy gap with ratio $2\Delta_0/k_BT_{c} = 3.8 \pm 0.1$ in all films studied, slightly higher than the BCS value, even though the transition temperatures decrease significantly as film thickness is reduced. The material properties follow BCS-Eliashberg theory with a large residual scattering rate except that the coherence peak seen in the optical scattering rate is found to be strongly smeared out in the thinner superconducting samples. A peak in the optical mass renormalization at $2\Delta_0$ is predicted and observed for the first time.

Published
2008
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14. Analysis of Factors Associated With Reduction of Sedentary Time After Treatment With Bronchodilators in Treatment-naïve COPD Patients

Author

Takahashi, K., primary, Tashiro, H., additional, Kurihara, Y., additional, Takamori, A., additional, Tominaga, M., additional, Morisaki, T., additional, Uchida, M., additional, Kato, G., additional, Kinoshita, T., additional, Yoshida, M., additional, Kawaguchi, A., additional, Kimura, S., additional, Sueoka-Aragane, N., additional, and Kawayama, T., additional

Published
2023
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22. Rivaroxaban Monotherapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Stenting

Author

Matoba, Tetsuya, primary, Yasuda, Satoshi, additional, Kaikita, Koichi, additional, Akao, Masaharu, additional, Ako, Junya, additional, Nakamura, Masato, additional, Miyauchi, Katsumi, additional, Hagiwara, Nobuhisa, additional, Kimura, Kazuo, additional, Hirayama, Atsushi, additional, Matsui, Kunihiko, additional, Ogawa, Hisao, additional, Matoba, Tetsuya, additional, Koretsune, Yukihiro, additional, Hiro, Takafumi, additional, Sumiyoshi, Tetsuya, additional, Kimura, Kazumi, additional, Hashimoto, Yoichiro, additional, Hirano, Teruyuki, additional, Daida, Hiroyuki, additional, Okada, Yasushi, additional, Yamazaki, Tsutomu, additional, Nakamura, A., additional, Tamiya, E., additional, Yamamoto, T., additional, Suetake, S., additional, Noguchi, T., additional, Nakamura, S., additional, Matsumura, A., additional, Kojima, J., additional, Suwa, S., additional, Yamaguchi, H., additional, Kaikita, K., additional, Yasu, T., additional, Nakajima, A., additional, Yamada, T., additional, Arai, H., additional, Hata, Y., additional, Sakanashi, T., additional, Tateishi, H., additional, Nakayama, T., additional, Nozaki, Y., additional, Akao, M., additional, Okumura, Y., additional, Tokue, M., additional, Kuroki, N., additional, Maruyama, Y., additional, Matoba, T., additional, Hagiwara, N., additional, Suzuki, H., additional, Nishida, Y., additional, Ajioka, M., additional, Yumoto, K., additional, Shimizu, S., additional, Aoyama, T., additional, Shimomura, H., additional, Takeda, T., additional, Oshiro, K., additional, Sugishita, N., additional, Shibata, Y., additional, Otonari, T., additional, Kihara, H., additional, Ogawa, H., additional, Ohno, A., additional, Hazama, M., additional, Shimizu, M., additional, Tsukahara, K., additional, Haruta, S., additional, Wakeyama, T., additional, Haruna, T., additional, Ito, M., additional, Fujii, K., additional, Atsuchi, N., additional, Sata, M., additional, Kimura, K., additional, Hasebe, N., additional, Kobayasi, Y., additional, Ohsato, 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2021
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25. Evacetrapib and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Vascular Disease

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Lincoff, A. Michael, Nicholls, Stephen J., Riesmeyer, Jeffrey S., Barter, Philip J., Brewer, H. Bryan, Fox, Keith A. A., Gibson, C. Michael, Granger, Christopher, Menon, Venu, Montalescot, Gilles, Rader, Daniel, Tall, Alan R., McErlean, Ellen, Wolski, Kathy, Ruotolo, Giacomo, Vangerow, Burkhard, Weerakkody, Govinda, Goodman, Shaun G., Conde, Diego, McGuire, Darren K., Nicolau, Jose C., Leiva-Pons, Jose L., Pesant, Yves, Li, Weimin, Kandath, David, Kouz, Simon, Tahirkheli, Naeem, Mason, Denise, Nissen, Steven E. 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Amerena J, Howes L, Cooke D, Simpson R, Horowitz J, Sullivan D, Proietto J, Yeo W, Hirschl M, Hanusch U, Drexel H, Brodmann M, Wollaert B, De Wolf L, Delforge M, Vanwelden J, Peeters A, Siqueira Bodart J, Montenegro R, Franken M, Eliaschewitz F, Parvanova Z, Raev D, Mincheva V, Kichukov K, Stoyanov M, Apostolova E, Tzekova M, Dimov B, Lazov P, Devedzhiev T, Dion D, Poirier P, Lavoie JP, Lonn E, Shukla D, Chehayeb R, Nault P, Gaudet D, Tardif JC, Beaudry Y, Bakbak A, Wong B, St-Maurice F, Labonte R, Polasek P, Sweet M, Bhargava R, Nawaz S, Pandey S, Tishler S, Peterson S, O’Keefe D, Genest J, Syan R, Leiter L, Li H, Ma W, Ma C, Xu D, Li X, Hala T, Machova V, Smejkalova O, Vodnansky P, Reichert P, Velimsky T, Matuska J, Machkova M, Jerabek O, Kuchar J, Rasmussen T, Lindgren L, Alexandersen P, Bang L, Brønnum-Schou J, Valter I, Soots M, Lanno R, Rosenthal S, Cottin Y, Elbaz M, Lafitte S, Silvain J, Coste P, Rangé G, Gosse P, Morel O, Berrouschot J, Bourhaial H, Toursarkissian N, Appel KF, 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Shah, S, Geohas, C., Lincoff, A. 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Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cardiovascular Outcome, Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein, Myocardial Ischemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, Benzodiazepines, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, Anticholesteremic Agent, Intracranial Arteriosclerosi, Treatment Failure, Evacetrapib, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Benzodiazepine, biology, Medicine (all), Anticholesteremic Agents, Diabetes Mellitu, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Intracranial Arteriosclerosis, High-Risk Vascular Disease, Editorial, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Human, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cholesterylester transfer protein, Diabetes Mellitus, Journal Article, medicine, Humans, Aged, Cholesterol, Vascular disease, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Biomarker, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins, Surgery, 030104 developmental biology, Peripheral Vascular Disease, chemistry, biology.protein, business, Biomarkers, Lipoprotein
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor evacetrapib substantially raises the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, reduces the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, and enhances cellular cholesterol efflux capacity. We sought to determine the effect of evacetrapib on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with high-risk vascular disease. METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, we enrolled 12,092 patients who had at least one of the following conditions: an acute coronary syndrome within the previous 30 to 365 days, cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease, peripheral vascular arterial disease, or diabetes mellitus with coronary artery disease. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either evacetrapib at a dose of 130 mg or matching placebo, administered daily, in addition to standard medical therapy. The primary efficacy end point was the first occurrence of any component of the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: At 3 months, a 31.1% decrease in the mean LDL cholesterol level was observed with evacetrapib versus a 6.0% increase with placebo, and a 133.2% increase in the mean HDL cholesterol level was seen with evacetrapib versus a 1.6% increase with placebo. After 1363 of the planned 1670 primary end-point events had occurred, the data and safety monitoring board recommended that the trial be terminated early because of a lack of efficacy. After a median of 26 months of evacetrapib or placebo, a primary end-point event occurred in 12.9% of the patients in the evacetrapib group and in 12.8% of those in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 1.11; P=0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Although the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor evacetrapib had favorable effects on established lipid biomarkers, treatment with evacetrapib did not result in a lower rate of cardiovascular events than placebo among patients with high-risk vascular disease. (Funded by Eli Lilly; ACCELERATE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01687998 .).

Published
2017

26. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Reduces Sedentary Behavior in Patients with Treatment-Naïve Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Takahashi, K., primary, Tashiro, H., additional, Tajiri, R., additional, Takamori, A., additional, Sadamatsu, H., additional, Uchida, M., additional, Kato, G., additional, Kinoshita, T., additional, Yoshida, M., additional, Kawaguchi, A., additional, Kimura, S., additional, Sueoka-Aragane, N., additional, Kawayama, T., additional, and Saga-naïve COPD Physical Activity Evaluation (SCOP, E.S.I.G., additional

Published
2021
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29. Suprachoroial retinal stimulation using temporally interfering electric fields: a simulation study

Author

Terasawa, Y, Tashiro, H, and Ohta, J

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: Recently electrical stimulation using temporally interfering electric fields was proposed as a method to stimulate neural tissues distant from stimulation electrodes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of temporally interfering electric fields as a method to selectively[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Artificial Vision 2019

Published
2019
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44. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Improves Pulmonary Function and Physical Activity in Patients with Treatment-Naïve COPD

Author

Takahashi, K., primary, Uchida, M., additional, Kato, G., additional, Takamori, A., additional, Sadamatsu, H., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Tajiri, R., additional, Inoue, H., additional, Kinoshita, T., additional, Kojima, K., additional, Yoshida, M., additional, Kobayashi, H., additional, Tashiro, H., additional, Hayashi, S., additional, Kawaguchi, A., additional, Sueoka-Aragane, N., additional, Kawayama, T., additional, and Saga naive COPD physical activity evaluation (SCOP, E.S.I.G., additional

Published
2020
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46. Effects of doping on the transport properties of CoSb3

Author

Anno, H., Matsubara, K., Notohara, Y., Sakakibara, T., and Tashiro, H.

Subjects
Electrical conductivity -- Research, Electron donor-acceptor complexes -- Research, Semiconductor doping -- Research, Solids -- Electric properties, Physics
Abstract

A study on how the transport properties of CoSb3 are affected by doping is conducted using Pd, Ni and Pt as donor impurities. Findings suggest that the Hall mobility, the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are dependent on the carrier concentration and on the donor impurities. Analysis also shows that the conduction band deformation potential and electron effective mass are affected not only by the doping levels but also by the donor impurities.

Published
1999

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