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Takayuki Kunisawa,1 Akio Yamagishi,2 Manabu Suno,3 Susumu Nakade,4 Naoki Honda,4 Atsushi Kurosawa,2 Ami Sugawara,2 Yoshikazu Tasaki,5 Hiroshi Iwasaki2 1Surgical Operation Department, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; 3Department of Oncology Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; 4Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; 5Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan Purpose: We previously determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of landiolol in healthy male volunteers and gynecological patients. In this study, we determined the PK parameters of landiolol in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods: Eight patients scheduled to undergo peripheral arterial surgery were enrolled in the study. After inducing anesthesia, landiolol hydrochloride was administered at target plasma concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ng/mL for 30 minutes each. A total of 112 data points of plasma concentration were collected from the patients and used for the population PK analysis. A population PK model was developed using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software program (NONMEM).Results: The patients had markedly decreased heart rates at 2 minutes after initiation of landiolol hydrochloride administration; however, systolic blood pressures were lower than the baseline values at only five time points. The concentration time course of landiolol was best described by a two-compartment model with lag time. The estimates of PK parameters were as follows: total body clearance, 30.7 mL/min/kg; distribution volume of the central compartment, 65.0 mL/kg; intercompartmental clearance, 48.3 mL/min/kg; distribution volume of the peripheral compartment, 54.4 mL/kg; and lag time, 0.633 minutes. The predictive performance of this model was better than that of the previous model.Conclusion: The PK parameters of landiolol were best described by a two-compartment model with lag time. Distribution volume of the central compartment and total body clearance of landiolol in patients with peripheral arterial disease were approximately 64% and 84% of those in healthy volunteers, respectively. Keywords: landiolol hydrochloride, pharmacokinetics, target-controlled infusion, peripheral arterial disease, TCI, pharmacokinetic parameters, PAD

Research describing the influence of electronic states of the surrounding semiconductor matrix on the precipitation of metallic arsenic clusters is presented. In particular clusters in the epilayers of epitaxial gallium arsenide are studied.

Low melting point yttrium, barium and copper complexes such as tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-octandionato)yttrium (Y(TMOD)3), Ba(TMOD)2 and bis(6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato)copper (Cu(EDMOD)2) have been used by the metalorganic vapor deposition method as liquid precursors in fabricating yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) thin films. The grown thin films were observed to have a uniformed thickness of 200 nm and exhibit normal c-axis orientation.

Objectives: Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are often the mode of vascular access of choice because poor blood vessels in patients hinder the creation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). The present study aimed to compare the characteristics and patency rates between 5-mm and 6-mm straight grafts. Methods: We analyzed 119 cases involving AVG operations performed at a single center. The cases were divided into 2 groups based on the size of the straight graft, namely 5-mm (62.2%) and 6-mm (37.8%) grafts. The differences in the baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and patency rates between the groups were subsequently analyzed. Results: Patients who received 5-mm grafts were predominantly female (P = 0.042) and had a higher body mass index (BMI; P = 0.012) than those who received 6-mm grafts. The 5-mm graft group showed increased primary patency (P = 0.035). However, significant intergroup differences were not observed with respect to the secondary patency rates (P = 0.087). A multivariable analysis confirmed that higher BMI (P = 0.022), cause of diabetes mellitus nephropathy (P = 0.015), frequency of the procedure (≥5 times; P = 0.002), and procedure time (P = 0.028) were significant independent variables that affected the primary patency rates. Conclusions: Five-mm grafts were associated with higher BMI, female predominance, and increased primary patency compared with the 6-mm grafts. Therefore, 5-mm grafts should be considered for patients with poor blood vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the problems to be solved to fabricate neodymium substituted bismuth titanate (Bi,Nd) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BNT) films by liquid-delivery MOCVD method is that neodymium is hardly deposited into obtained films. In order to increase the deposition amount of neodymium in films, we used Nd(TMOD) 3 coordinated with adducts such as 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthrorine (phen) as a neodymium precursor. When the precursor solution including Nd(TMOD) 3 bpy or Nd(TMOD) 3 phen was used, the deposition amount of neodymium in films was increased, as compared with the deposition by the precursor solution including Nd(TMOD) 3 which was not coincided with target component of BNT film of Bi : Nd : Ti = 3.25 : 0.75 : 3. By optimizing the precursor combination and the mixing ratio, preferentially c -axis oriented BNT films with the target component could be fabricated at the substrate temperature as low as 500°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metalorganic precursors to fabricate multiferroic BiFeO 3 thin films by liquid-delivery metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Among the evaluated compounds, the combinations of Bi(p-Tol) 3 and iron β -diketonates were suitable to control the metal composition in BiFeO 3 films. The films obtained using the precursor solution with the molar ratio of Bi:Fe = 1:1 included excess bismuth. The films with only BiFeO 3 phase could be fabricated at the substrate temperatures of 500°C and 525°C by using the precursor solution of Bi(p-Tol) 3 and Fe(IBPM) 3 with the molar ratio of 2:1. Though the remnant polarization of the film obtained at 525°C was very small, it was confirmed that the BiFeO 3 film had ferroelectricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]