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Biofortified (PBW 1 Zn) wheat flour was fractionated into three fractions (355, 180 and 150 µm) and evaluated for physicochemical, functional, rheological, biochemical and chapatti making parameters. With decreasing flour particle size the ash, fat, fibre, phytic acid, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and pasting properties decreased, whereas carbohydrates, zinc, lightness (L*) and functional parameters increased. Chapatti making quality of flour fraction (180 μm) was observed best on the basis of puffing height (7.64 cm), extensibility (1.83 N) and sensory quality with best overall sensory scores (8.75). The results indicate that reducing the particle size to 180 μm could improve the nutritional, functional and chapatti making quality of wheat flour.

Large renal aneurysms can masquerade as simple renal cysts on ultrasound, especially if Doppler examination is not routinely done to assess flow characteristics. We present a case report of a 26-year-old male, as a clinical challenge in urology, who had minimal symptoms, yet had an arteriovenous fistula with a large aneurysm which was diagnosed as a parapelvic cyst on ultrasound. Endovascular treatment of the arteriovenous fistula was done using a vascular plug with satisfactory outcomes.

Biofortified (PBW 1 Zn) wheat flour was fractionated into three fractions (355, 180 and 150 µm) and evaluated for physicochemical, functional, rheological, biochemical and chapatti making parameters. With decreasing flour particle size the ash, fat, fibre, phytic acid, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and pasting properties decreased, whereas carbohydrates, zinc, lightness (L*) and functional parameters increased. Chapatti making quality of flour fraction (180 μm) was observed best on the basis of puffing height (7.64 cm), extensibility (1.83 N) and sensory quality with best overall sensory scores (8.75). The results indicate that reducing the particle size to 180 μm could improve the nutritional, functional and chapatti making quality of wheat flour.

Coronary artery fistula is an unusual anomaly that consists of abnormal communication between an epicardial coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, major vessel or other vascular structures. Most of the times, these fistulae are small and incidentally detected during coronary angiography, while others are identified as cause of continuous murmur, angina, acute myocardial infarction, sudden death coronary steal, congestive heart failure, infective endocarditis, arrhythmias, coronary aneurysm formation, or superior vena cava syndrome [1]. Incidence of coronary artery fistula is 0.1% among patients subjected for coronary angiography [2]. We present a case of large left coronary to coronary sinus-right atrial fistula with significant left to right shunt, having benign course during last 40 years.

Severe pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a disorder with limited treatment options. Recently, several newer drugs have recently been introduced to treat PAH. Sildenafil is one which has shown promise in several uncontrolled studies, but controlled trials have been few. In this randomized placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the efficacy of oral sildenafil in idiopathic PAH and PAH caused by Eisenmenger syndrome.This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Twenty patients, 10 of each of idiopathic PAH and Eisenmenger syndrome, were randomized to receive placebo or sildenafil in a double-blind manner for 6 weeks and, after a washout period of 2 weeks, were crossed over. The primary end point of efficacy was the improvement in distance covered in 6-minute walk test. Secondary end points were reduction in pulmonary artery pressure as measured by Doppler echocardiography after 6 weeks of treatment, improvement in clinical condition, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and exercise duration and metabolic equivalents (Mets) achieved on modified Bruce exercise protocol.There was significant improvement in primary and secondary end points. The primary end point of distance covered in 6-minute walk test improved from 262 +/- 99 to 358.9 +/- 96.5 m (P.0001) after treatment with sildenafil. Pulmonary artery pressure, the secondary end point, improved from the baseline of 98.8 +/- 20.5 to 78.3 +/- 15.3 mm Hg (P.0001), NYHA class improved from 2.65 +/- 0.59 to 1.55 +/- 0.51 (P.0001), exercise duration from 6.4 +/- 3.1 to 10.2 +/- 2.05 minutes (P.0001), and Mets achieved from 3.32 +/- 1.57 to 6.04 +/- 1.87 (P.0001) after treatment with sildenafil. There was no significant fall in blood pressure with placebo and sildenafil, and no serious side effects of drug were observed in the study.Sildenafil significantly improved the symptomatic status, exercise capacity, NYHA class, and hemodynamic parameters of patients with severe PAH and can be safely used as a primary or adjunctive treatment of the same.