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As phrasal verbs are one of the most difficult topics of English grammar and many errors are made while using these verbs, one has to pay attention to the problem and the results of this thesis. This study endeavors to investigate the main causes of the avoidance or incorrect use of phrasal verbs among the Estonian learners of English studying at the University of Tartu. The first part includes the theoretical background of the use of phrasal verbs and defines the important terms for the thesis., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5414443*est

The aim of this thesis is to analyse horror and terror in the context of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus and to determine the differences horror and terror have as well as see, through close reading, what is used to create them., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5413680*est

This master’s thesis studies Estonian native speaker students’ views on English-medium instruction (EMI) at the University of Tartu. The growth of EMI in higher education is a situation many countries face, including Estonia. It is accompanied by a set of problems ranging from societal to personal. The opinions of Estonian native speaker English as a foreign language (EFL) students at the University of Tartu on this topic have not been researched before. The aim is to answer three research questions: 1. What are Estonian native speaker EFL students’ general attitudes towards EMI in Estonia and at the University of Tartu? 2. What do Estonian native speaker EFL students consider the benefits of EMI? 3. What challenges do Estonian native speaker EFL students experience in EMI?, https://www.ester.ee/record=b5461663*est

The lack of engagement is a problem for many students in school and a number of potential ways to solve this issue have been proposed. One such solution is the implementation of gamification. Gamification is “the use of game design elements in non-game contexts” (Deterding et al. 2011: 2). Since games have been characterised as fun, gratifying, involving, and motivating (Prensky 2001: 106), including elements from games into non-game contexts should lead to increased engagement in students. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse whether a gamified activity has any positive effect on the engagement of younger, 6th grade students – a relatively underexplored age group. Additionally, this thesis aims to analyse how three game elements – points, time constraints, and cooperation – affect the engagement of these students. The scope of the study conducted in this thesis is small, but since the students participating in it are part of an underrepresented age group, this thesis still hopes to provide valuable data for further research., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5414717*est

This paper aims to bring more attention to the understudied field of equestrian terminology. It studies the semantic change of 15 terms in equestrian specialty field which have been divided into two categories: ‘colours’ and ‘gaits and movements’. The purpose is to determine whether the terms originate from equestrianism or outside of the field, whether one of the categories is more likely to originate from either one of them, if the terms that originated in equestrianism have their meanings broadened outside of it, and processes of semantic change are identified., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375760*est

The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibilities of sentiment analysis by focusing on a selection of literary works by Mark Twain such as: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , The Prince and the Pauper , Tom Sawyer, Abroad , Tom Sawyer, Detective . The sentiment analysis is done in the programming language R and with the RStudio program, including software packages available through it. Since the process of doing sentiment analysis via RStudio is not fully automated, a script had to be written in order to accomplish the goal of doing sentiment analysis. The analysis of the selected works will be done in three ways. Firstly, by identifying the nine most frequent negative and positive sentiment words in every book separately. Secondly, visualizing the overall distribution of sentiment in every book in order to categorize the narratives into certain types of stories. Thirdly, by portraying the amount of negative and positive sentiment words that were used., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375739*est

This thesis focuses on the aspects of colonization in the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. Colonialism still remains a large issue today due to its ramifications on colonized lands and Heart of Darkness is to this day seen as a vivid account of colonization from over a century ago. The introduction shows what will be analysed and what literature is used to support said analysis. The first chapter is a literature overview, showcasing overall the literature that has been written on the Heart of Darkness beforehand along with literature that specifically focuses on the colonization aspect of it. The second core chapter starts off with an analysis of the location and colony that inspired the novel to find out the likeliest colony where the story of Heart of Darkness takes place and what kind of colony it is. After this, it moves onto discussing Marlow's experiences of the colony and how Conrad portrayed it for his audience., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375265*est

Since detective fiction conventions have a strong influence on mystery writing in general, it is appropriate to examine the ploys used in the creation of whodunits that form the structures that uphold the central mysteries of the stories. Combining the concept of invariant figure-types and the theory of block elements, we can examine one of these ploys in the works of Agatha Christie, the most recognized Golden Age detective story writer whose writing strategies have greatly influenced our overall understanding of the genre’s conventions. The main goal of this BA thesis is to analyse Christie’s works to understand how the fusion of invariant figure-types is used to create block elements that stop the readers from immediately predicting the ending of the stories. The literature review section of this thesis gives an overview on the conventionality of detective stories, Christie’s adhesion to these standards and also her deviations and innovations. The terms of invariant figure-types and block elements are introduced to form the theoretical background to the analysis. The empirical study section examines three of Christie’s novels – Murder Is Easy, The Murder at the Vicarage and Death in the Clouds – with special attention on the characters of the novels and the roles they play in the mysteries, particularly the characters of the culprits, to identify the block elements created by the fusion of invariant figure-types., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375354*est

Emma Donoghue’s Room deals with the problems associated with children’s identity and development, as well as considerable life changes after living in captivity. The aim of this research is to find out how Jack, who has lived his entire life in a small shed, can cope in a new society larger than the one he has ever known and how his behaviour changes due to potential trauma. Jack has always imagined life outside of Room but only seen it through television and even then he never believed it had been real. The thesis is divided into four parts: an introduction, a literature review, an empirical study and a conclusion. The introduction of the study consists of a comparison of the novel and the contemporary works alike, as well as the peculiarities of Jack, the main protagonist of Room. The aim of the literature review is to give an overview of the studies written prior to this, with an emphasis on the trauma theoretical approach to the novel and contemporary literature. Additionally, a short overview of the subcategories of identity will be given, which will be discussed in detail in this thesis. The empirical part of the thesis is divided into two subchapters. The first subchapter of the empirical study will present the phases of development in the narrator of the story while living in captivity and preparations for an escape. The second subchapter will mainly focus on life after the escape and hardships that can occur in the newly found social life. Whether or not the protagonist will have immediate trauma after escape will be discussed, as well as whether there is potential for it to develop in later life. The conclusion will summarize the main findings of the study., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375600*est

This bachelor’s thesis aims to analyse idioms describing three basic emotions – happiness, sadness, and anger – in the British and American varieties of English using Corpus of Contemporary American English and British National Corpus for frequency counts. Idioms make language colourful and vivid. Idioms are frequently used to express emotions. However, learning and understanding idioms can be difficult. Furthermore, materials, such as textbooks and idiom dictionaries can often contain idioms that are not frequently used, making the studying of said idioms impractical. The findings of the thesis at hand show which emotion idioms are used frequently and which are not., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375260*est

As trauma influences the lives of many people in different ways, it has become a prominent topic in literature. Joy Kogawa’s Obasan focuses on the traumatic experiences of Japanese Canadians during World War II and concomitant internment as well as the impact of these events on the community. This thesis analyses the novel in attempt to discover how two of the book’s characters Aunt Emily and Mother react to this trauma and how it influences the novel’s main character Naomi., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5376036*est

Entertainment and mass media are proven to be an addictive aspect of our everyday lives. David Foster Wallace was very concerned with media’s dangerous potential, and his 1996 novel Infinite Jest explores this along with other aspects of addiction in detail. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how entertainment addiction is represented in David Foster Wallace’s novel Infinite Jest for the purpose of understanding how addiction is woven into its narrative and form, and whether or not it stands above the postmodern aura of irony it engages with and critiques., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5374357*est

The present thesis will explore Daphne du Maurier`s treatment of female Gothic in her novel Rebecca. The main purpose is to find out how the author uses the conventions of the canon stretching back to Ann Radcliffe`s female Gothic heroine in order to produce her own version of the Gothic heroine. The thesis consists of an introduction, two main chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction gives a general overview of Daphne du Maurier as an author, and her novel Rebecca. The first chapter will give an overview of the female Gothic genre and its use in the novel in the context of pertinent scholarship. The second chapter will analyse du Maurier’s novel Rebecca, pinpointing innovations and digressions from the Gothic canon used by the author to create her own version of the Gothic heroine. The findings of the thesis are summarised in the conclusion., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375581*est

This thesis aims to show the presence of features of the horror genre in Mark Z. Danielewski’s postmodern novel House of Leaves. The horror genre addresses the fears of society and allows people to deal with them through a literary or cinematic medium. Many critically acclaimed contemporary pieces of literature also unconsciously tap into the horror genre., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375272*est

The present thesis analyses Salme Ekbaum’s novel Külaliseks on ootus in an attempt to explicate the problems that immigrants have with accommodating to a new country and identifying themselves. The main aim of the thesis is to find out the reasons for the two protagonists’ personal identity issues and determine what facilitates and complicates their process of adaption to Canadian society. The thesis consists of four parts: the introduction, two chapters and the conclusion. The introduction gives an overview of Estonian literature in Canada and states the importance of Ekbaum’s novel from the diasporic as well as the Canadian perspective. It introduces the author and the main characters in the novel Külaliseks on ootus. It also presents the research questions and defines the terms migration trauma and liminality., https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375280*est