Search

Your search keyword '"Tarr, Alexander W."' showing total 324 results
Start Over Author "Tarr, Alexander W."
324 results on '"Tarr, Alexander W."'

2. RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance

Author

Stockdale, Stephen R., Blanchard, Adam M., Nayak, Amit, Husain, Aliabbas, Nashine, Rupam, Dudani, Hemanshi, McClure, C. Patrick, Tarr, Alexander W., Nag, Aditi, Meena, Ekta, Sinha, Vikky, Shrivastava, Sandeep K., Hill, Colin, Singer, Andrew C., Gomes, Rachel L., Acheampong, Edward, Chidambaram, Saravana B., Bhatnagar, Tarun, Vetrivel, Umashankar, Arora, Sudipti, Kashyap, Rajpal Singh, and Monaghan, Tanya M.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. An Antigenically Diverse, Representative Panel of Envelope Glycoproteins for Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Development

Author

Salas, Jordan H., Urbanowicz, Richard A., Guest, Johnathan D., Frumento, Nicole, Figueroa, Alexis, Clark, Kaitlyn E., Keck, Zhenyong, Cowton, Vanessa M., Cole, Sarah J., Patel, Arvind H., Fuerst, Thomas R., Drummer, Heidi E., Major, Marian, Tarr, Alexander W., Ball, Jonathan K., Law, Mansun, Pierce, Brian G., Foung, Steven K.H., and Bailey, Justin R.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Population infection estimation from wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Nagpur, India during the second pandemic wave

Author

Acheampong, Edward, primary, Husain, Aliabbas A., additional, Dudani, Hemanshi, additional, Nayak, Amit R., additional, Nag, Aditi, additional, Meena, Ekta, additional, Shrivastava, Sandeep K., additional, McClure, Patrick, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Crooks, Colin, additional, Lade, Ranjana, additional, Gomes, Rachel L., additional, Singer, Andrew, additional, Kumar, Saravana, additional, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Arora, Sudipti, additional, Kashyap, Rajpal Singh, additional, and Monaghan, Tanya M., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Population infection estimation from wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Nagpur, India during the second pandemic wave

Author

Acheampong, Edward, Husain, Aliabbas A., Dudani, Hemanshi, Nayak, Amit R., Nag, Aditi, Meena, Ekta, Shrivastava, Sandeep K., McClure, Patrick, Tarr, Alexander W., Crooks, Colin, Lade, Ranjana, Gomes, Rachel L., Singer, Andrew, Kumar, Saravana, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Arora, Sudipti, Kashyap, Rajpal Singh, Monaghan, Tanya M., Acheampong, Edward, Husain, Aliabbas A., Dudani, Hemanshi, Nayak, Amit R., Nag, Aditi, Meena, Ekta, Shrivastava, Sandeep K., McClure, Patrick, Tarr, Alexander W., Crooks, Colin, Lade, Ranjana, Gomes, Rachel L., Singer, Andrew, Kumar, Saravana, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Arora, Sudipti, Kashyap, Rajpal Singh, and Monaghan, Tanya M.

Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as an effective environmental surveillance tool for predicting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreaks in high-income countries (HICs) with centralized sewage infrastructure. However, few studies have applied WBE alongside epidemic disease modelling to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in low-resource settings. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of collecting untreated wastewater samples from rural and urban catchment areas of Nagpur district, to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 using real-time qPCR, to compare geographic differences in viral loads, and to integrate the wastewater data into a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Confirmed Positives-Recovered (SEIPR) model. Of the 983 wastewater samples analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, we detected significantly higher sample positivity rates, 43.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 40.1, 47.4) and 30.4% (95% CI 24.66, 36.66), and higher viral loads for the urban compared with rural samples, respectively. The Basic reproductive number, R0, positively correlated with population density and negatively correlated with humidity, a proxy for rainfall and dilution of waste in the sewers. The SEIPR model estimated the rate of unreported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases at the start of the wave as 13.97 [95% CI (10.17, 17.0)] times that of confirmed cases, representing a material difference in cases and healthcare resource burden. Wastewater surveillance might prove to be a more reliable way to prepare for surges in COVID-19 cases during future waves for authorities.

Published
2024

6. Reconstruction of the historic time course of blood‐borne virus contamination of clotting factor concentrates, 1974–1992.

Author

McClure, C. Patrick, Kean, Kai, Reid, Kaitlin, Mayne, Richard, Fu, Michael X., Rajendra, Piya, Gates, Shannah, Breuer, Judy, Harvala, Heli, Golubchik, Tanya, Tarr, Alexander W., Irving, William L., Makris, Michael, and Simmonds, Peter

Subjects
BLOOD coagulation factor IX, BLOOD coagulation factor VIII, HEPATITIS viruses, VIRUS diseases, HEPATITIS A
Abstract

Factor VIII and IX clotting factor concentrates manufactured from pooled plasma have been identified as potent sources of virus infection in persons with hemophilia (PWHs) in the 1970s and 1980s. To investigate the range and diversity of viruses over this period, we analysed 24 clotting factor concentrates for several blood‐borne viruses. Nucleic acid was extracted from 14 commercially produced clotting factors and 10 from nonremunerated donors, preserved in lyophilized form (expiry dates: 1974–1992). Clotting factors were tested by commercial and in‐house quantitative PCRs for blood‐borne viruses hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV), HIV‐ types 1/2, parvoviruses B19V and PARV4, and human pegiviruses types 1 and 2 (HPgV‐1,‐2). HCV and HPgV‐1 were the most frequently detected viruses (both 14/24 tested) primarily in commercial clotting factors, with frequently extremely high viral loads in the late 1970s–1985 and a diverse range of HCV genotypes. Detection frequencies sharply declined following introduction of virus inactivation. HIV‐1, HBV, and HAV were less frequently detected (3/24, 1/24, and 1/24 respectively); none were positive for HEV. Contrastingly, B19V and PARV4 were detected throughout the study period, even after introduction of dry heat treatment, consistent with ongoing documented transmission to PWHs into the early 1990s. While hemophilia treatment is now largely based on recombinant factor VIII/IX in the UK and elsewhere, the comprehensive screen of historical plasma‐derived clotting factors reveals extensive exposure of PWHs to blood‐borne viruses throughout 1970s‐early 1990s, and the epidemiological and manufacturing parameters that influenced clotting factor contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Functional and immunogenic characterization of diverse HCV glycoprotein E2 variants

Author

Khera, Tanvi, Behrendt, Patrick, Bankwitz, Dorothea, Brown, Richard J.P., Todt, Daniel, Doepke, Mandy, Khan, Abdul Ghafoor, Schulze, Kai, Law, John, Logan, Michael, Hockman, Darren, Wong, Jason Alexander Ji-Xhin, Dold, Leona, Gonzalez-Motos, Victor, Spengler, Ulrich, Viejo-Borbolla, Abel, Ströh, Luisa J, Krey, Thomas, Tarr, Alexander W., Steinmann, Eike, Manns, Michael P., Klein, Florian, Guzman, Carlos A., Marcotrigiano, Joseph, Houghton, Michael, and Pietschmann, Thomas

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes

Author

Chellapuri, Akhil, Smitheman, Matthew, Chappell, Joseph G., Clark, Gemma, Howson-Wells, Hannah C., Berry, Louise, Ball, Jonathan K., Irving, William L., Tarr, Alexander W., and McClure, C. Patrick

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Background: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) comprise of four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (HPIV1&3) and Orthorubulavirus (HPIV2&4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly in children. However, despite frequent molecular diagnosis, they are frequently considered collectively or with HPIV4 overlooked entirely. We therefore investigated clinical and viral epidemiological distinctions of the relatively less prevalent Orthorubulaviruses HPIV2&4 at a regional UK hospital across four autumn/winter epidemic seasons. Methods: A retrospective audit of clinical features of all HPIV2 or HPIV4 RT-PCR-positive patients, diagnosed between 1st September 2013 and 12th April 2017 was undertaken, alongside sequencing of viral genome fragments in a representative subset of samples. Results: Infection was observed across all age groups, but predominantly in children under nine and adults over 40, with almost twice as many HPIV4 as HPIV2 cases. Fever, abnormal haematology, elevated C-reactive protein and hospital admission were more frequently seen in HPIV2 than HPIV4 infection. Each of the four seasonal peaks of either HPIV2, HPIV4 or both, closely matched that of RSV, occurring in November and December and preceding that of Influenza A. A subset of viruses were partially sequenced, indicating co-circulation of multiple subtypes of both HPIV2&4, but with little variation between each epidemic season or from limited global reference sequences. Conclusions: Despite being closest known genetic relatives, our data indicates a potential difference in associated disease between HPIV2 and HPIV4, with more hospitalisation seen in HPIV2 mono-infected individuals, but a greater overall number of HPIV4 cases.

Published
2022

20. SARS-CoV-2 entry route impacts a range of downstream viral and cellular processes

Author

Qu, Bingqian, primary, Miskey, Csaba, additional, Gömer, André, additional, Potmus, Dylan, additional, Nocke, Maximillian, additional, Kleinert, Robin D.V., additional, Itotia, Tabitha K., additional, Valder, Lara, additional, Brückmann, Janice, additional, Höck, Sebastian, additional, Hastert, Florian D., additional, von Rhein, Christine, additional, Schürmann, Christoph, additional, Ebenig, Aileen, additional, Widera, Marek, additional, Ciesek, Sandra, additional, Pfaender, Stephanie, additional, Ivics, Zoltán, additional, Schnierle, Barbara S., additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Goffinet, Christine, additional, Mühlebach, Michael D., additional, Todt, Daniel, additional, and Brown, Richard J.P., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Simultaneous determination of HCV genotype and NS5B resistance associated substitutions using dried serum spots from São Paulo state, Brazil

Author

Adeboyejo, Kazeem, Farinha Shimizu, Jacqueline, King, Barnabas J., Tarr, Alexander W., Ball, Jonathan K., McClure, C. Patrick, and Gomes Jardim, Ana Carolina

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for more than 180 million infections worldwide, and about 80 % of infections are reported in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs). Therapy is based on the administration of interferon (INF), ribavirin (RBV) or more recently Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs). However, amino acid substitutions associated with resistance (RAS) have been extensively described and can contribute to treatment failure, and diagnosis of RAS requires considerable infrastructure, not always locally available. Dried serum spots (DSS) sampling is an alternative specimen collection method, which embeds drops of serum onto filter paper to be transported by posting to a centralized laboratory. Here, we assessed feasibility of genotypic analysis of HCV from DSS in a cohort of 80 patients from São Paulo state Brazil. HCV RNA was detected on DSS specimens in 83 % of samples of HCV infected patients. HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2c and 3a were determined using the sequence of the palm domain of NS5B region, and RAS C316N/Y, Q309R and V321I were identified in HCV 1b samples. Concerning therapy outcome, 75 % of the patients who used INF +RBV as a previous protocol of treatment did not respond to DAAs, and 25 % were end-of-treatment responders. It suggests that therapy with INF plus RBV may contribute for non-response to a second therapeutic protocol with DAAs. One patient that presented RAS (V321I) was classified as non-responder, and combination of RAS C316N and Q309R does not necessarily imply in resistance to treatment in this cohort of patients. Data presented herein highlights the relevance of studying circulating variants for a better understanding of HCV variability and resistance to the therapy. Furthermore, the feasibility of carrying out genotyping and RAS phenotyping analysis by using DSS card for the potential of informing future treatment interventions could be relevant to overcome the limitations of processing samples in several location worldwide, especially in LMICs.

Published
2022

22. Optimization of the pseudoparticle system for standardized assessments of neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis C virus

Author

Chumbe, Ana, Urbanowicz, Richard A., Sliepen, Kwinten, Koekkoek, Sylvie M., Molenkamp, Richard, Tarr, Alexander W., Ball, Jonathan K., Schinkel, Janke, van Gils, Marit J., Chumbe, Ana, Urbanowicz, Richard A., Sliepen, Kwinten, Koekkoek, Sylvie M., Molenkamp, Richard, Tarr, Alexander W., Ball, Jonathan K., Schinkel, Janke, and van Gils, Marit J.

Abstract

A better understanding of the antibody response during natural infection and the effect on disease progression and reinfection is necessary for the development of a protective hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine. The HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) system enables the study of viral entry and inhibition by antibody neutralization. A robust and comparable neutralization assay is crucial for the development and evaluation of experimental vaccines.With the aim of optimizing the HCVpp-murine leukaemia virus (MLV) system, we tested the neutralization of HCVpp-harbouring E1E2 from 21 HCV isolates representing 6 different genotypes by several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). HCVpps are generated by expressing functional envelope glycoproteins (E1E2) onto pseudoparticles derived from env-deleted MLV. Adjustments of E1E2, gag-pol and luciferase plasmid ratios resulted in increased yields for most HCVpps and recovery of one non-infectious HCVpp. We simplified and improved the protocol to achieve higher signal/noise ratios and minimized the amount of HCVpps and mAbs needed for the detection of neutralization. Using our optimized protocol, we demonstrated comparable results to previously reported data with both diluted and freeze-thawed HCVpps.In conclusion, we successfully established a simplified and reproducible HCVpp neutralization protocol for studying a wide range of HCV variants. This simplified protocol provides highly consistent results and could be easily adopted by others to evaluate precious biological material. This will contribute to a better understanding of the antibody response during natural infection and help evaluate experimental HCV vaccines.

Published
2022

23. Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults, respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity

Author

Howson-Wells, Hannah C., primary, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, additional, Zainuddin, Izzah, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Irving, William L., additional, Ball, Jonathan K., additional, Berry, Louise, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, and McClure, C. Patrick, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. The HCV Envelope Glycoprotein Down-Modulates NF-κB Signalling and Associates With Stimulation of the Host Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

Author

McKay, Lindsay G. A., primary, Thomas, Jordan, additional, Albalawi, Wejdan, additional, Fattaccioli, Antoine, additional, Dieu, Marc, additional, Ruggiero, Alessandra, additional, McKeating, Jane A., additional, Ball, Jonathan K., additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Renard, Patricia, additional, Pollakis, Georgios, additional, and Paxton, William A., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and specialised pro-resolving molecules are increased in SARS-CoV-2 patients and correlate with markers of the adaptive immune response

Author

Turnbull, James, Jha, Rakesh, Ortori, Catherine A, Lunt, Eleanor, Tighe, Patrick J, Irving, William L, Gohir, Sameer A, Kim, Dong-Hyun, Valdes, Ana M, Tarr, Alexander W, Barrett, David A, and Chapman, Victoria

Subjects
Male, specialised pro-resolving molecules, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Adaptive Immunity, Antibodies, Viral, immune response, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, anti-nucleocapsid, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Major Article, Eicosanoids, Humans, Female, bioactive lipids
Abstract

Background Specialised pro-resolution molecules (SPMs) halt the transition to chronic pathogenic inflammation. We aimed to quantify serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids in SARS-CoV-2 patients, and to identify potential relationships with innate responses and clinical outcome. Methods Serum from 50 hospital admitted inpatients (22 female, 28 male) with confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and 94 age and sex matched cohort collected prior to the pandemic (SARS-CoV-2 negative), were processed for quantification of bioactive lipids and anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike quantitative binding assays. Results SARS-CoV-2 serum had significantly higher concentrations of omega-6 derived pro-inflammatory lipids and omega-6 and omega-3 derived SPMs, compared to age and sex matched SARS-CoV-2 negative group, which were not markedly altered by age or sex. There were significant positive correlations between SPMs, pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids and anti-spike antibody binding. Levels of some SPMs were significantly higher in patients with an anti-spike antibody value >0.5. Levels of linoleic acid (LA) and 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid (5,6-DHET) were significantly lower in SARS-COV-2 patients who died. Discussion SARS-COV-2 infection was associated with increased levels of specialised pro-resolution molecules and other pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids, supporting the future investigation of the underlying enzymatic pathways, which may inform the development of novel treatments.

Published
2022

28. Human Parainfluenza 2 & 4: clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013-2017, reveals distinct disease features and co-circulating genomic subtypes

Author

Chellapuri, Akhil, primary, Smitheman, Matthew, additional, Chappell, Joseph G, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, Howson-Wells, Hannah C, additional, Berry, Louise, additional, Ball, Jonathan K, additional, Irving, William L, additional, Tarr, Alexander W, additional, and McClure, C Patrick, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators and Specialized Proresolving Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Correlate With Markers of the Adaptive Immune Response

Author

Turnbull, James, primary, Jha, Rakesh R, additional, Ortori, Catherine A, additional, Lunt, Eleanor, additional, Tighe, Patrick J, additional, Irving, William L, additional, Gohir, Sameer A, additional, Kim, Dong-Hyun, additional, Valdes, Ana M, additional, Tarr, Alexander W, additional, Barrett, David A, additional, and Chapman, Victoria, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Serum levels of specialised pro-resolving molecule pathways are greatly increased in SARS-CoV-2 patients and correlate with markers of the adaptive immune response

Author

Turnbull, James, primary, Jha, Rakesh, additional, Ortori, Catherine A., additional, Lunt, Eleanor, additional, Tighe, Patrick J., additional, Irving, William L., additional, Gohir, Sameer A., additional, Kim, Dong-Hyun, additional, Valdes, Ana M., additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Barrett, David A., additional, and Chapman, Victoria, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Enterovirus D68 epidemic, UK, 2018, was caused by subclades B3 and D1, predominantly in children and adults respectively, with both subclades exhibiting extensive genetic diversity

Author

Howson-Wells, Hannah C., primary, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, additional, Zainuddin, Izzah, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Irving, William L., additional, Ball, Jonathan K., additional, Berry, Louise, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, and McClure, C. Patrick, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. An antigenically diverse, representative panel of envelope glycoproteins for HCV vaccine development

Author

Salas, Jordan H., Urbanowicz, Richard A., Guest, Johnathan D., Frumento, Nicole, Figueroa, Alexis, Clark, Kaitlyn E., Keck, Zhenyong, Cowton, Vanessa M., Cole, Sarah J., Patel, Arvind H., Fuerst, Thomas R., Drummer, Heidi E., Major, Marian, Tarr, Alexander W., Ball, Jonathan K., Law, Mansun, Pierce, Brian G., Foung, Steven K.H., and Bailey, Justin R.

Abstract

Background and Aims:\ud \ud Development of a prophylactic hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine will require accurate and reproducible measurement of neutralizing breadth of vaccine-induced antibodies. Currently available HCV panels may not adequately represent the genetic and antigenic diversity of circulating HCV strains, and the lack of standardization of these panels makes it difficult to compare neutralization results obtained in different studies. Here, we describe the selection and validation of a genetically and antigenically diverse reference panel of 15 HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) for neutralization assays.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud We chose 75 envelope (E1E2) clones to maximize representation of natural polymorphisms observed in circulating HCV isolates, and 65 of these clones generated functional HCVpp. Neutralization sensitivity of these HCVpp varied widely. HCVpp clustered into 15 distinct groups based on patterns of relative sensitivity to seven broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs). We used these data to select a final panel of 15 antigenically representative HCVpp.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Both the 65 and 15 HCVpp panels span four tiers of neutralization sensitivity, and neutralizing breadth measurements for seven bNAbs were nearly equivalent using either panel. Differences in neutralization sensitivity between HCVpp were independent of genetic distances between E1E2 clones.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud Neutralizing breadth of HCV antibodies should be defined using viruses spanning multiple tiers of neutralization sensitivity, rather than panels selected solely for genetic diversity. We propose that this multi-tier reference panel could be adopted as a standard for the measurement of neutralizing antibody potency and breadth, facilitating meaningful comparisons of neutralization results from vaccine studies in different laboratories.

Published
2021

34. Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhance antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Urbanowicz, Richard A., Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Jackson, Hannah J., Cusin, Lola, Duncan, Joshua D., Chappell, Joseph G., Tarr, Alexander W., Nightingale, Jessica, Norrish, Alan R., Ikram, Adeel, Marson, Ben, Craxford, Simon J., Kelly, Anthony, Aithal, Guruprasad P., Vijay, Amrita, Tighe, Patrick J., Ball, Jonathan K., Valdes, Ana M., and Ollivere, Benjamin J.

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Understanding the impact of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the response to vaccination is a priority for responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, it is necessary to understand how prior infection plus vaccination can modulate immune responses against variants of concern. To address this, we sampled 20 individuals with and 25 individuals without confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from a large cohort of health care workers followed serologically since April 2020. All 45 individuals had received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine with a delayed booster at 10 weeks. Absolute and neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants were measured using enzyme immunoassays and pseudotype neutralization assays. We observed antibody reactivity against lineage A, B.1.351, and P.1 variants with increasing antigenic exposure, through either vaccination or natural infection. This improvement was further confirmed in neutralization assays using fixed dilutions of serum samples. The impact of antigenic exposure was more evident in enzyme immunoassays measuring SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–specific IgG antibody concentrations. Our data show that multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the context of a delayed booster expand the neutralizing breadth of the antibody response to neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants. This suggests that additional vaccine boosts may be beneficial in improving immune responses against future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Published
2021

35. Scavenger receptor class B type I genetic variants associated with disease severity in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Author

Arandhara, Victoria L., McClure, Charles Patrick, Tarr, Alexander W., Chappell, Sally, Morgan, Kevin, Baumert, Thomas F., Irving, William L., and Ball, Jonathan K.

Subjects
GENETIC variation, CHRONIC hepatitis C, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, NUTRITION surveys, GENE expression, HEPATIC fibrosis, FIBROSIS
Abstract

Analysis of host genetic polymorphisms is an increasingly important tool for understanding and predicting pathogenesis and treatment response of viral diseases. The gene locus of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‐BI), encoding a cell entry factor and receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV), contains several genetic polymorphisms. We applied a probe extension assay to determine the frequency of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the SR‐BI gene locus in 374 individuals with history of HCV infection. In addition, SR‐BI messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analyzed in liver biopsy specimens of chronically infected HCV subjects. The rs5888 variant allele T was present at a higher frequency in subjects with advanced fibrosis (χ2, p = 0.016) and after adjusting for age, duration of infection and alcohol intake as confounding factors. Haplotype analysis of SNP frequencies showed that a haplotype consisting of rs61932577 variant allele C and rs5888 variant allele T was associated with an increased risk of advanced liver fibrosis (defined by an Ishak score 4−6) (adjusted odds ratio 2.81; 95% confidence interval 1.06−7.46. p = 0.038). Carriers of the rs5888 variant allele T displayed reduced SR‐BI mRNA expression in liver biopsy specimens. In conclusion the rs5888 polymorphism variant is associated with decreased SR‐BI expression and an increased risk of development of advanced fibrosis in chronic HCV infection. These findings provide further evidence for a role of SR‐BI in HCV pathogenesis and provides a genetic marker for prediction of those infected individuals at greater risk of developing severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub‐Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination.

Author

Adeboyejo, Kazeem, King, Barnabas J., Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Tarr, Alexander W., McLauchlan, John, Irving, William L., Ball, Jonathan K., and McClure, C. Patrick

Subjects
HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC hepatitis C, HEPATITIS C virus, POLYMERASE chain reaction, ANTIVIRAL agents
Abstract

Background and Aims: The newly developed direct‐acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cure rates as high as 98% in some cohorts. Although genome sequencing has demonstrated that some subtypes of HCV naturally harbor drug resistance associated substitutions (RAS), these are often overlooked as "rarities." Furthermore, commercial subtyping assays and associated epidemiological findings are skewed towards Western cohorts and whole‐genome sequencing can be problematic to deploy without significant infrastructure and training support. We thus aimed to develop a simple, robust and accurate HCV subtyping pipeline, to optimize and streamline molecular detection and sequence‐based typing of diverse RAS‐containing subtypes. Methods: HCV serum derived from 146 individuals, whose likely source of infection was from sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) was investigated with a novel panel of single round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting NS5B and NS5A genomic regions. Virus subtype assignments were determined by pairwise‐distance analysis and compared to both diagnostic laboratory assignments and free‐to‐use online typing tools. Results: Partial NS5A and NS5B sequences were respectively obtained from 131 to 135 HCV‐positive patients born in 19 different countries from SSA but attending clinics in the UK. We determined that routine clinical diagnostic methods incorrectly subtyped 59.0% of samples, with a further 6.8% incorrectly genotyped. Of five commonly used online tools, Geno2Pheno performed most effectively in determining a subtype in agreement with pairwise distance analysis. Conclusion: This study provides a simple low‐cost pathway to accurately subtype in SSA, guide regional therapeutic choice and assist global surveillance and elimination initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Author

Voysey, Merryn, Clemens, Sue Ann Costa, Madhi, Shabir A., Weckx, Lily Y., Folegatti, Pedro M., Aley, Parvinder K., Angus, Brian, Baillie, Vicky L., Barnabas, Shaun L., Bhorat, Qasim E., Bibi, Sagida, Briner, Carmen, Cicconi, Paola, Collins, Andrea M., Colin-Jones, Rachel, Cutland, Clare L., Darton, Thomas C., Dheda, Keertan, Duncan, Christopher J. A., Emary, Katherine R. W., Ewer, Katie J., Fairlie, Lee, Faust, Saul N., Feng, Shuo, Ferreira, Daniela M., Finn, Adam, Goodman, Anna L., Green, Catherine M., Green, Christopher A., Heath, Paul T., Hill, Catherine, Hill, Helen, Hirsch, Ian, Hodgson, Susanne H. C., Izu, Alane, Jackson, Susan, Jenkin, Daniel, Joe, Carina C. D., Kerridge, Simon, Koen, Anthonet, Kwatra, Gaurav, Lazarus, Rajeka, Lawrie, Alison M., Lelliott, Alice, Libri, Vincenzo, Lillie, Patrick J., Mallory, Raburn, Mendes, Ana V. A., Milan, Eveline P., Minassian, Angela M., McGregor, Alastair, Morrison, Hazel, Mujadidi, Yama F., Nana, Anusha, O'Reilly, Peter J., Padayachee, Sherman D., Pittella, Ana, Plested, Emma, Pollock, Katrina M., Ramasamy, Maheshi N., Rhead, Sarah, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V., Singh, Nisha, Smith, Andrew, Song, Rinn, Snape, Matthew D., Sprinz, Eduardo, Sutherland, Rebecca K., Tarrant, Richard, Thomson, Emma C., Török, Mark and Turner, Sorio, Guilherme L., Sorley, Kim, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., Souza, Bruno S.D.F., Souza, Alessandra R., Spencer, Alexandra J., Spina, Fernanda, Spoors, Louise, Stafford, Lizzie, Stamford, Imogen, Starinskij, Igor, Stein, Ricardo, Steven, Jill, Stockdale, Lisa, Stockwell, Lisa V., Strickland, Louise H., Stuart, Arabella C., Sturdy, Ann, Sutton, Natalina, Szigeti, Anna, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, Tanner, Rachel, Taoushanis, Carol, Tarr, Alexander W., Taylor, Keja, Taylor, Ursula, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, Taylor, Justin, te Water Naude, Rebecca, Themistocleous, Yrene, Themistocleous, Andreas, Thomas, Merin, Thomas, Kelly, Thomas, Tonia M., Thombrayil, Asha, Thompson, Fawziyah, Thompson, Amber, Thompson, Kevin, Thompson, Ameeka, Thomson, Julia, Thornton-Jones, Viv, Tighe, Patrick J., Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Tladinyane, Bonolo, Tomasicchio, Michele, Tomic, Adriana, Tonks, Susan, Tran, Nguyen, Tree, Julia, Trillana, Gerry, Trinham, Charlotte, Trivett, Rose, Truby, Adam, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, Turabi, Aadil, Turner, Richard, Turner, Cheryl, Ulaszewska, Marta, Underwood, Benjamin R., Varughese, Rachel, Verbart, Dennis, Verheul, Marije, Vichos, Iason, Vieira, Taiane, Waddington, Claire S., Walker, Laura, Wallis, Erica, Wand, Matthew, Warbick, Deborah, Wardell, Theresa, Warimwe, George, Warren, Sarah C., Watkins, Bridget, Watson, Ekaterina, Webb, Stewart, Webb-Bridges, Alice, Webster, Angela, Welch, Jessica, Wells, Jeanette, West, Alison, White, Caroline, White, Rachel, Williams, Paul, Williams, Rachel L., Winslow, Rebecca, Woodyer, Mark, Worth, Andrew T., Wright, Danny, Wroblewska, Marzena, Yao, Andy, Zimmer, Rafael, Zizi, Dalila, and Zuidewind, Peter

Abstract

Background: \ud A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials.\ud \ud Methods: \ud This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674.\ud \ud Findings: \ud Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation.\ud \ud Interpretation: \ud ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials.\ud \ud Funding: \ud UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D’Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca.

Published
2021

41. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen C, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G, additional, Marshall, Richard P, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Phillips, Daniel J, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ritchie, Adam J, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, White, Thomas, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala W.M., additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James P., additional, Adewatan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Alvernaz, Felipe B., additional, Amorim, Fabio Santos, additional, Andrade, Claudia Sala, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Assad, Luiza, additional, Azi, Paula De Almeida, additional, Azi, Lorena De Almeida, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Barrett, Kelly, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bharaj, Inderjeet, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else Margreet, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Birch, Gurpreet, additional, Birchall, Kathryn, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Bridges-Webb, Alice, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabrera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardona, Rita, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais R.Y., additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Cezar, Luiz Fernando F., additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chanice, Chanice, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Cheliotis, Katerina S., additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chiplin, Emily, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Colton, Hayley, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine A., additional, Costa, Fernanda Barroso, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina J., additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, da Costa, Daniel Marinho, additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, additional, da Silva, Larissa P., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Damratoski, Brad E., additional, Danos, Zsofia, additional, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., additional, Datoo, Mehreen S., additional, Datta, Chandrabali, additional, Davids, Malika, additional, Davies, Sarah L., additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Davies, Hannah, additional, Davies, Sophie, additional, Davies, Judith, additional, Davis, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, John, additional, de Carvalho, José A.M., additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, de Jesus Jnr, Sergio, additional, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, additional, Dearlove, David, additional, Demissie, Tesfaye, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Di Marco, Stefania, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Docksey, Claire, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Donnellan, Francesca R., additional, Dos Santos, Tannyth Gomes, additional, Dos Santos, Thainá G., additional, Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, additional, Douglas, Naomi, additional, Downing, Charlotte, additional, Drake, Jonathan, additional, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, additional, Drury, Ruth, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Duncan, Andrew, additional, Easom, Nicholas J.W., additional, Edwards, Mandy, additional, Edwards, Nick J., additional, Edwards, Frances, additional, El Muhanna, Omar M., additional, Elias, Sean C., additional, Ellison-Handley, Branwen, additional, Elmore, Michael J., additional, English, Marcus Rex, additional, Esmail, Alisgair, additional, Essack, Yakub Moosa, additional, Farooq, Mutjaba, additional, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, additional, Felle, Sally, additional, Ferguson, Susie, additional, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, additional, Field, Samantha, additional, Fisher, Richard, additional, Fletcher, James, additional, Fofie, Hazel, additional, Fok, Henry, additional, Ford, Karen J., additional, Fothergill, Ross, additional, Fowler, Jamie, additional, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., additional, Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furlan Filho, Renato, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Gonçalves, Maria Luisa Freire, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodall, Jack, additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Goyanna, Alvaro, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Green, Justin, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Gunawardene, Anishka, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Harris-Wright, Tara A., additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hayano, Laís Y.M., additional, Head, Ian, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Henry, John Aaron, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Higa, Cristhiane, additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Hodgson, Susanne, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine F., additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Carina, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Kar, Arnab, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Kay, Linda, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Khurana, Ankush, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Kluczna, Diana M., additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lages, Pedro M., additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lawrie, Alison M., additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro Edson Ramos, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro Bonecker, additional, Luz, Kleber Giovanni, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Manning, Nicola, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Õ., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mesquita, Ana Carolina F., additional, Miralhes, Patricia, additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan J., additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moyo, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myerscough, Christopher, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Nikolaou, Elissavet, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena C., additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika Lanzillo A., additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oliveira, Isabelle Silva Queiroz, additional, Oommen-Jose, Aylin, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, O'Reilly, Peter J., additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parracho, Helena M. R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Pereira Stuchi, Bruno Pereira, additional, Perez, Ana Luiza, additional, Perinpanathan, Tanaraj, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir Yusuf, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Jessica Morgana, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Plant, Sinéad, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo R., additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Leonardo, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richards, Alexander, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ryalls, Kim, additional, Sabine, Charlotte, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sale, Jessica C., additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla Dias, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah R., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Sheehan, Emma, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Lidiana B. T.D., additional, Silveira, Mariana B.V., additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Sinha, Jaisi, additional, Skelly, Donal T., additional, Smith, Daniel C., additional, Smith, Nick, additional, Smith, Holly E., additional, Smith, David J., additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Soares, Airanuédida S., additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Sorio, Guilherme L., additional, Sorley, Kim, additional, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, additional, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., additional, Souza, Bruno S.D.F., additional, Souza, Alessandra R., additional, Souza Lopez, Thamyres, additional, Sowole, Luciana, additional, Spencer, Alexandra J., additional, Spoors, Louise, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Stamford, Imogen, additional, Stein, Ricardo, additional, Stockdale, Lisa, additional, Stockwell, Lisa V., additional, Strickland, Louise H., additional, Stuart, Arabella, additional, Sturdy, Ann, additional, Sutton, Natalina, additional, Szigeti, Anna, additional, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, additional, Tanner, Rachel, additional, Taoushanis, Carol, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Tarrant, Richard, additional, Taylor, Keja, additional, Taylor, Ursula, additional, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, additional, Taylor, Justin, additional, te Water Naude, Rebecca, additional, Templeton, Kate, additional, Themistocleous, Yrene, additional, Themistocleous, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Merin, additional, Thomas, Kelly, additional, Thomas, Tonia M., additional, Thombrayil, Asha, additional, Thompson, Julia, additional, Thompson, Fawziyah, additional, Thompson, Ameeka, additional, Thompson, Amber, additional, Thompson, Kevin, additional, Thornton-Jones, Viv, additional, Thotusi, Larissa H.S., additional, Tighe, Patrick J., additional, Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, additional, Tiongson, Gerlynn Ferreras, additional, Tladinyane, Bonolo, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Tomic, Adriana, additional, Tonks, Susan, additional, Towner, James, additional, Tran, Nguyen, additional, Tree, Julia A., additional, Trillana, Gerry, additional, Trinham, Charlotte, additional, Trivett, Rose, additional, Truby, Adam, additional, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, additional, Tubb, Philippa, additional, Turabi, Aadil, additional, Turner, Richard, additional, Turner, Cheryl, additional, Turner, Nicola, additional, Tyagi, Bhavya, additional, Ulaszewska, Marta, additional, Underwood, Benjamin R., additional, van Eck, Samual, additional, Varughese, Rachel, additional, Verbart, Dennis, additional, Verheul, Marije K., additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Vieira, Taiane A., additional, Walker, Gemma, additional, Walker, Laura, additional, Wand, Matthew E., additional, Wardell, Theresa, additional, Warimwe, George M., additional, Warren, Sarah C., additional, Watkins, Bridget, additional, Watson, Marion E.E., additional, Watson, Ekaterina, additional, Webb, Stewart, additional, Webster, Angela, additional, Welch, Jessica, additional, Wellbelove, Zoe, additional, Wells, Jeanette H., additional, West, Alison J., additional, White, Beth, additional, White, Caroline, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Willingham, Silvia, additional, Winslow, Rebecca, additional, Woods, Danielle, additional, Woodyer, Mark, additional, Worth, Andrew T., additional, Wright, Danny, additional, Wroblewska, Marzena, additional, Yao, Andy, additional, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, additional, Zambrano, Marina Bauer, additional, Zimmer, Rafael Leal, additional, Zizi, Dalila, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Erratum to: ‘Cross-genotype AR3-specific neutralizing antibodies confer long-term protection in injecting drug users after HCV clearance’ (J Hepatol 2019; 71(1): 14-24) (Journal of Hepatology (2019) 71(1) (14–24), (S016882781930128X), (10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.013))

Author

Merat, Sabrina J., Bru, Camille, van de Berg, Dorien, Molenkamp, Richard, Tarr, Alexander W., Koekkoek, Sylvie, Kootstra, Neeltje A., Prins, Maria, Ball, Jonathan K., Bakker, Arjen Q., de Jong, Menno D., Spits, Hergen, Beaumont, Tim, Schinkel, Janke, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Experimental Immunology, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, Infectious diseases, and APH - Global Health

Subjects
GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

It has come to our attention that there is an error in Fig. 2A and consequently the Graphical Abstract of our manuscript. During the production process, the colors used in the legend to the pie chart were incorrectly assigned, so that those representing AR3 and AR4 were reversed. Please see the corrected Fig. 2 and Graphical Abstract below. We apologize for any inconvenience caused. [Figure presented] [Figure presented]

Published
2020

43. Liver-expressed Cd302 and Cr1l limit hepatitis C virus cross-species transmission to mice

Author

Brown, Richard J. P., Tegtmeyer, Birthe, Sheldon, Julie, Khera, Tanvi, Anggakusuma, Todt, Daniel, Vieyres, Gabrielle, Weller, Romy, Joecks, Sebastian, Zhang, Yudi, Sake, Svenja, Bankwitz, Dorothea, Welsch, Kathrin, Ginkel, Corinne, Engelmann, Michael, Gerold, Gisa, Steinmann, Eike, Yuan, Qinggong, Ott, Michael, Vondran, Florian W. R., Krey, Thomas, Ströh, Luisa J., Miskey, Csaba, Ivics, Zoltán, Herder, Vanessa, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Lauber, Chris, Seifert, Michael, Tarr, Alexander W., McClure, C. Patrick, Randall, Glenn, Baktash, Yasmine, Ploss, Alexander, Thi, Viet Loan Dao, Michailidis, Eleftherios, Saeed, Mohsan, Verhoye, Lieven, Meuleman, Philip, Goedecke, Natascha, Wirth, Dagmar, Rice, Charles M., Pietschmann, Thomas, Brown, Richard J. P., Tegtmeyer, Birthe, Sheldon, Julie, Khera, Tanvi, Anggakusuma, Todt, Daniel, Vieyres, Gabrielle, Weller, Romy, Joecks, Sebastian, Zhang, Yudi, Sake, Svenja, Bankwitz, Dorothea, Welsch, Kathrin, Ginkel, Corinne, Engelmann, Michael, Gerold, Gisa, Steinmann, Eike, Yuan, Qinggong, Ott, Michael, Vondran, Florian W. R., Krey, Thomas, Ströh, Luisa J., Miskey, Csaba, Ivics, Zoltán, Herder, Vanessa, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Lauber, Chris, Seifert, Michael, Tarr, Alexander W., McClure, C. Patrick, Randall, Glenn, Baktash, Yasmine, Ploss, Alexander, Thi, Viet Loan Dao, Michailidis, Eleftherios, Saeed, Mohsan, Verhoye, Lieven, Meuleman, Philip, Goedecke, Natascha, Wirth, Dagmar, Rice, Charles M., and Pietschmann, Thomas

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has no animal reservoir, infecting only humans. To investigate species barrier determinants limiting infection of rodents, murine liver complementary DNA library screening was performed, identifying transmembrane proteins Cd302 and Cr1l as potent restrictors of HCV propagation. Combined ectopic expression in human hepatoma cells impeded HCV uptake and cooperatively mediated transcriptional dysregulation of a noncanonical program of immunity genes. Murine hepatocyte expression of both factors was constitutive and not interferon inducible, while differences in liver expression and the ability to restrict HCV were observed between the murine orthologs and their human counterparts. Genetic ablation of endogenous Cd302 expression in human HCV entry factor transgenic mice increased hepatocyte permissiveness for an adapted HCV strain and dysregulated expression of metabolic process and host defense genes. These findings highlight human-mouse differences in liver-intrinsic antiviral immunity and facilitate the development of next-generation murine models for preclinical testing of HCV vaccine candidates.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the healthcare setting into the home: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Author

Craxford, Simon, primary, Nightingale, Jessica, additional, Ikram, Adeel, additional, Marson, Ben Arthur, additional, Kelly, Anthony, additional, Norrish, Alan, additional, Vijay, Amrita, additional, Astbury, Stuart, additional, Cusin, Lola, additional, Ashraf, Waheed, additional, Newham, Jayne, additional, Aithal, Guruprasad, additional, Tighe, Patrick, additional, Ball, Jonathan, additional, Tarr, Alexander W, additional, Urbanowicz, Richard A, additional, Valdes, Ana, additional, and Ollivere, Benjamin, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Rationally derived inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 channel activity reveal prospect for bimodal antiviral therapy

Author

Shaw, Joseph, primary, Gosain, Rajendra, additional, Kalita, Monoj Mon, additional, Foster, Toshana L, additional, Kankanala, Jayakanth, additional, Mahato, D Ram, additional, Abas, Sonia, additional, King, Barnabas J, additional, Scott, Claire, additional, Brown, Emma, additional, Bentham, Matthew J, additional, Wetherill, Laura, additional, Bloy, Abigail, additional, Samson, Adel, additional, Harris, Mark, additional, Mankouri, Jamel, additional, Rowlands, David J, additional, Macdonald, Andrew, additional, Tarr, Alexander W, additional, Fischer, Wolfgang B, additional, Foster, Richard, additional, and Griffin, Stephen, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Author response: Rationally derived inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 channel activity reveal prospect for bimodal antiviral therapy

Author

Shaw, Joseph, primary, Gosain, Rajendra, additional, Kalita, Monoj Mon, additional, Foster, Toshana L, additional, Kankanala, Jayakanth, additional, Mahato, D Ram, additional, Abas, Sonia, additional, King, Barnabas J, additional, Scott, Claire, additional, Brown, Emma, additional, Bentham, Matthew J, additional, Wetherill, Laura, additional, Bloy, Abigail, additional, Samson, Adel, additional, Harris, Mark, additional, Mankouri, Jamel, additional, Rowlands, David J, additional, Macdonald, Andrew, additional, Tarr, Alexander W, additional, Fischer, Wolfgang B, additional, Foster, Richard, additional, and Griffin, Stephen, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses are Associated with Better Prognosis in Hospital Inpatient COVID-19 Disease

Author

Tighe, Patrick J., primary, Urbanowicz, Richard A., additional, Fairclough, C. Lucy, additional, McClure, C. Patrick, additional, Thomson, Brian J., additional, Gomez, Nancy, additional, Chappell, Joseph G., additional, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, additional, Loose, Matthew, additional, Carlile, Matthew, additional, Moore, Christopher, additional, Holmes, Nadine, additional, Sang, Fei, additional, Hrushikesh, Divyateja, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, Temperton, Nigel, additional, Brooks, Tim, additional, Ball, Jonathan K., additional, Irving, William L., additional, and Tarr, Alexander W., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results