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455 results on '"Tarpy, David R."'

13. Population origin, body mass, and viral infections influence drone honey bee (Apis mellifera) heat tolerance

Author

McAfee, Alison, primary, Metz, Bradley N, additional, Connor, Patrick, additional, Du, Keana, additional, Allen, Christopher W, additional, Frausto, Luis A, additional, Swensen, Mark P, additional, Phillips, Kylah S, additional, Julien, Madison, additional, Baer, Boris, additional, Tarpy, David R, additional, and Foster, Leonard J, additional

Published
2024
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22. Honey bee populations surviving Varroa destructor parasitism in Latin America and their mechanisms of resistance.

Author

Guzman-Novoa, Ernesto, Corona, Miguel, Alburaki, Mohamed, Reynaldi, Francisco Jose, Invernizzi, Ciro, de Landa, Gregorio Fernandez, Maggi, Matias, Lattorff, Michael, and Tarpy, David R.

Subjects
POLLINATORS, HONEYBEES, VARROA destructor, BEEKEEPING, ACARICIDES, APIS cerana, INTRODUCED species, WORKER honeybees
Abstract

The honey bee (Apis mellifera) parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is considered one of the main causes of colony losses in European honey bee (EHB) populations around the world. However, some EHB and Africanized honey bee (AHB) populations (derived from the African subspecies A. m. scutellata) that inhabit tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, have survived varroa mite infestations in the absence of acaricide treatments. It is conceivable to expect that these honey bee populations, which have been subjected to natural selection over decades, would have developed resistance against V. destructor or possess pre-existing adaptations that allow them to survive mite parasitism. Here, we present a comprehensive literature review describing the spread of V. destructor and the honey bee populations occurring in Latin America (LA), and summarize the evidence of resistance of those populations to V. destructor. We also analyze reports describing the potential mechanisms of mite resistance and how they operate in those honey bee populations. Studies of a few EHB, as well as of numerous AHB populations exhibiting resistance to V. destructor in LA, unveil the existence of evolutionary adaptations that restrain V. destructor population growth and provide insight into the current host-parasite relationship. This review supports the notion that selective breeding of local honey bee populations from LA could be a viable strategy to manage varroa mite infestations in colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Common viral infections inhibit egg laying in honey bee queens and are linked to premature supersedure.

Author

Chapman, Abigail, McAfee, Alison, Tarpy, David R., Fine, Julia, Rempel, Zoe, Peters, Kira, Currie, Rob, and Foster, Leonard J.

Subjects
HONEYBEES, QUEEN honeybees, VIRUS diseases, QUEENS (Insects), INSECT societies, LONGEVITY, EGGS
Abstract

With their long lives and extreme reproductive output, social insect queens have escaped the classic trade-off between fecundity and lifespan, but evidence for a trade-off between fecundity and immunity has been inconclusive. This is in part because pathogenic effects are seldom decoupled from effects of immune induction. We conducted parallel, blind virus infection experiments in the laboratory and in the field to interrogate the idea of a reproductive immunity trade-off in honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens and to better understand how these ubiquitous stressors affect honey bee queen health. We found that queens injected with infectious virus had smaller ovaries and were less likely to recommence egg-laying than controls, while queens injected with UV-inactivated virus displayed an intermediate phenotype. In the field, heavily infected queens had smaller ovaries and infection was a meaningful predictor of whether supersedure cells were observed in the colony. Immune responses in queens receiving live virus were similar to queens receiving inactivated virus, and several of the same immune proteins were negatively associated with ovary mass in the field. This work supports the hypothesized relationship between virus infection and symptoms associated with queen failure and suggests that a reproductive-immunity trade-off is partially, but not wholly responsible for these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Planted pollinator habitat in agroecosystems: How does the pollinator community respond?

Author

Levenson, Hannah K. and Tarpy, David R.

Subjects
Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Pollinators are important both ecologically and economically. Nonetheless, documented pollinator population decline threatens ecosystem functioning and human well-being. In response, conservation methods such as augmented pollinator habitat are becoming popular tools to combat pollinator losses. While previous research has shown added habitat can benefit bee communities, there are still aspects of the habitat implementation that require further research, particularly how this will impact bee communities in real-world settings beyond researcher-led efforts. In our study, we use a 2016 initiative mandating the planting of pollinator habitat on research stations across North Carolina, United States to act as an outdoor laboratory to investigate this exact question. From 2016 to 2018, we found significant increases in bee abundance and diversity. However, these increases depended on the quality of habitat, with areas of higher flower cover and diversity supporting larger, more diverse bee communities. Although the habitats positively supported bee communities, we found that resources within the habitats were lower later in the sampling season, highlighting the need of developing seed mixes that include late season resources. Weedy plants were documented to establish within the habitats, demonstrating the need for regular upkeep and maintenance of pollinator habitat in order to appropriately support bee communities. It is likely that planting pollinator habitat will not be a one-size-fits-all conservation solution, as bee species can respond differently to some habitat characteristics. Future long-term studies on pollinators will be important as natural fluctuations in bee populations may limit findings and many knowledge gaps on native bees still persist.

Published
2023
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