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Introduction Despite potential links between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), routine hearing assessments for diabetic patients are not standard practice. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SNHL and its association with diabetes-related factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Research design and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from May to September 2021. A total of 396 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated after informed consent. Data collection involved a sociodemographic profile, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument examination followed by pure-tone audiometry and laboratory tests including haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). HL was defined using better ear four-frequency pure-tone average of ≥26 dB HL and graded as per WHO criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. χ2, independent t-test and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. P

This research focused on applying water and ethylene glycol based alumina nanofluid for heat transfer enhancement in the car radiator. Firstly, simulated the water to validate the model. Then moved on to the nanofluids simulation and worked on different nanoparticle concentrations 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4%. All concentrations showed heat transfer enhancement compared with the pure base fluid. The Reynolds number of the water and the water based nanofluids ranges from (10000-30000 Re) and the Reynolds number for the ethylene glycol and the ethylene glycol based nanofluids ranges from (1000-3000 Re). A higher Reynolds number resulted in more significant heat transfer. The Nusselt number has a direct relation with the concentration. As the concentration of the nanofluid increases, the Nusselt number also increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the radiological outcomes and post-operative complications of Acetabular Fractures treated with reconstruction plates. METHODOLOGY: It was a prospective descriptive study conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi from May 2013 to April 2016. An aggregate number of 27 patients who were diagnosed with Acetabular fracture were enrolled in the study. The primary cause of fracture was road traffic accident. All the patients were treated with reconstruction plates. Post-operative complications and radiological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Total 27 patients with Acetabular fracture were treated. Excellent radiological outcome was achieved in 29.6% of the patients, good radiological outcome was achieved in 48.2%, fair& pair radiological outcome was achieved in 11.1% of the patients. Post-operative complications like sciatic nerve injury was developed in 2 patients, myositis ossificans was in One (01) patient and Four patients develop a vascular necrosis and Three (03) had infection. CONCLUSION: Acetabular fractures are now common fracture because of high velocity Road traffic accident. Acetabulum fractures should be fixed timely to achieve the anatomical reduction and favourable outcome with fewer complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite potential links between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), routine hearing assessments for diabetic patients are not standard practice. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SNHL and its association with diabetes-related factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)., Research Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from May to September 2021. A total of 396 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria participated after informed consent. Data collection involved a sociodemographic profile, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument examination followed by pure-tone audiometry and laboratory tests including haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c). HL was defined using better ear four-frequency pure-tone average of ≥26 dB HL and graded as per WHO criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. χ 2 , independent t - test and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. P<0.05 at 95% CI was considered significant., Results: Our study revealed a high prevalence of SNHL among patients with T2DM. Mild HL was seen in 55.8%, while 18.7% suffered from moderate HL. Common audiological symptoms included difficulty understanding speech in noisy surroundings (44.2%), balance problems (42.9%), sentence repetition (35.9%), tinnitus (32.3%) and differentiating consonants (31.1%). Hearing impairment predominantly affected low (0.25-0.5 kHz) and high (4-8 kHz) frequencies with a significant difference at 4 kHz among both sexes ( t (394)=2.8, p=0.004). Peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with SNHL on multinomial logistic regression after adjusting with age, sex, body mass index and the presence of any comorbidities. Diabetes duration, HbA1c or family history of diabetes was found unrelated to SNHL severity., Conclusions: The study highlights the substantial prevalence of SNHL among patients with T2DM and emphasises the importance of targeted audiological care as part of a holistic approach to diabetes management. Addressing HL early may significantly improve communication and overall quality of life., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)