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Purpose: The aim of this literature review is to examine the relationship between training and development programs and employee loyalty and job satisfaction. By evaluating how these programs improve abilities and promote development, the research aims to emphasize how crucial they are for developing potential and assisting Design/Methodology/ A narrative analysis of relevant literature was conducted, utilizing Boolean operators such as "OR" and "AND" to refine the search. Specifically, the search strategy employed the query ((training) OR (development)) AND (job satisfaction)) OR (employee loyalty), focusing on articles published in English between 2018 and 2024. PubMed served as the primary database for sourcing pertinent studies. Findings: Effective training and development initiatives greatly increase employee loyalty and work satisfaction, according to the report. These programs improve productivity and performance on an individual basis while also enhancing company culture and overall efficacy. Implications/Originality/Value: The results highlight how important it is for businesses to undertake training and development strategically. Long-term success depends on these programs' ability to increase operational effectiveness and cultivate a dedicated staff. Companies must give priority to tailored training programs that meet employee demands in order to adjust to the changing business environment and guarantee long-term growth, productivity, and happiness.

The present work investigates the aeration pressurization effect by monitoring the airflow (Qg) variations during its injection at various diffuser arrangements in an activated sludge (AS) system and its impact on the overall energy-saving strategy. To this extent, a laboratory pilot-scale system (450 mm in length, 400 mm in width, and 470 mm high) was built to conduct the experiments with an effective volume of 84.6 L. To determine the optimum operating conditions, an experimental design combined with the grey method was used to establish the optimal tests to minimize the process’s energy footprint based on the pressurization effect due to various diffuser arrangements. Successful implementation of this operation confirmed that controlling the local diffuser densities (DDL) benefits the power consumption value by experiment ( ) savings and the mixing performances at a DDL = 0.0144. Undoubtedly, increasing the DDL improved the mixing performance of the AS and reduced the inhibition of the oxygen mass transfer coefficient by the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). Furthermore, an empirical model was built to describe the nature of the power consumed accurately. The outcomes showed that the coefficient of determination was R² = 0.9856 with a significant corresponding probability (P-values) < 0.05. As a result, the multiple linear regression model (MLR), which means that the model’s reliability to predict the data revealed an R² > 80 %, confirmed that the model is reliable at a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Utilizing photocatalytic CO2 reduction presents a promising avenue for combating climate change and curbing greenhouse gas emissions. However, maximizing its potential hinges on the development of materials that not only enhance efficiency but also ensure process stability. Here, we introduce Hiroshima University Silicate‐7 (HUS‐7) with immobilized Ti species as a standout contender. Our study demonstrates the remarkable photocatalytic activity of HUS‐7 in CO2 reduction, yielding substantially higher carbonaceous product yields compared to conventional titanium‐based catalysts TS‐1 and P25. Through thorough characterization, we elucidate that their boosted photocatalytic performance is attributed to the incorporation of isolated Ti species within the silica‐based precursor, serving as potent photoinduced active sites. Moreover, our findings underscore the crucial role of the Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) process in facilitating the photoactivation of CO2 molecules, shedding new light on key mechanisms underlying photocatalytic CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halophytes are unique in that they can thrive in a wide range of soil conditions, from normal to extremely saline. This has recently prompted researchers to consider using halophytes as a phytoremediation end-product as a source for biogas generation. Therefore, applying the anaerobic digestion process for halophytes may have the potential advantage in terms of efficient land utilization, soil remediation, and biogas production. Based on this, the anaerobic digestion efficiency of high saline biomass was investigated in continuous laboratory-scale anaerobic reactors at two different sludge residence times (SRT) of 40 and 80 days. Under mesophilic atmosphere, two reactors were operated, one reactor used organic substrate with 30 g-Na+.L-1 originating from sodium chloride whereas the other was operated with the presence of sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfate. The salt-tolerant microorganism was gradually developed and the salt concentrations were selected based on the elemental analyses results of 30 species of wild halophyte plants taken from the saline-affected area of the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan during the early phase of the operation. For 40 and 80 days of SRT, respectively, 65.56 percent and 60.42 percent of the feed COD were converted into methane gas by the chloride system. However, only about 60% of the feed COD was converted into methane for bicarbonate, and the remaining fraction of gas was assigned to sulfide as a final product of increased sulfate reduction bacteria activity. These findings showed that the salt-tolerant microorganism could be incubated and the anaerobic digestion process could be adapted for a high-saline substrate, implying that the biodegradability of phytoremediation end-products may be used for methane production.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of teaching skills of University of Anbar faculty members from their point of view, using a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The quality of university teaching skills was defined in five main areas: skill (formulation of goals, diversification of stimuli, feedback, reinforcement, formulation of questions) and these skills included (30) items. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of (144) teaching staff at the university. The results of the study showed that the arithmetic mean to evaluate the quality of teaching skills that are more prevalent in Anbar University by the study sample individuals is a skill (reinforcement, formulation of goals, diversification of stimuli, 'feedback, formulation of questions'), and a significant effect was found for the variable (gender, The scientific title, experience) on the faculty members ’assessments of the quality of teaching skills, while that effect was not found for the age and social status variables. The study recommended that the administration of Anbar University should enhance the quality of teaching skills. In addition to disseminating a culture of quality teaching skills at the university by holding training courses for all university teachers to introduce the importance of quality teaching skills, and the factors affecting them and establishing them among the faculty members