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The main purpose of this study was to assess the measurements and shape of the sella turcica by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to associate the data to skeletal class II and class III patients, including correlations with gender, age and measurements of the anterior cranial base. A trained examiner specialist in dental radiology selected and evaluated randomly 95 CBCT images of pre-orthognathic surgery patients, 60 (63.2%) being female and 35 (36.8%) male with age between 16 and 57 years. All images were evaluated to determine the size, shape and volume of the sella turcica. The anterior cranial base, represented by the S–N line (sella–nasion), was also measured. Of these 95 patients, 48 (50.5%) had class III facial skeletal pattern, whereas 47 (49.5%) had class II. No statistically significant differences were found between class II and class III patients in the measurements and shape of the sella turcica (P > 0.05). The diameter and volume of the sella turcica had higher values in female patients, whereas the measurements of the anterior cranial base were higher in males (P

OBJETIVO: o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a deformação elástica de 14 marcas comerciais submetidas a diferentes meios de descontaminação estirados por 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. MÉTODOS: três elos de cada elástico foram cortados e mensurados com paquímetro digital para a individualização do estiramento de 50% do tamanho original. Das 20 amostras de cada fabricante, 5 foram diretamente colocadas no template (controle), 5 foram imersas em ácido peracético a 0,2%, 5 foram friccionadas com álcool 70% e 5 foram autoclavadas (121°C / 1 atm / 30 minutos). As amostras permaneceram estiradas no template em saliva artificial a 37°C. Para cada tempo, os elásticos foram removidos, aferidos e descartados. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (5%). RESULTADOS: observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as marcas, os meios de descontaminação e os tempos; assim como entre as possíveis interações entre os grupos. As marcas que melhor se comportaram foram a TP Orthodontics e a GAC, seguidas pela Rocky Mountain, American Orthodontics, Orthometric e Aditek, Aditek e Eurodonto, Dentaurum-Tecnident-Ormco-OrthoOrganizes, Abzil-Ormco e OrthoOrganizes, Morelli e Uniden. Verificou-se que o ciclo em autoclave teve compor- tamento semelhante à saliva artificial, alterando menos as propriedades dos elásticos. A deformação plástica foi proporcional ao tempo de estiramento. CONCLUSÃO: existe deformação plástica variando de acordo com a marca, aumentada em função do tempo e influenciada pelo meio de descontaminação utilizado.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification using cone beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study analysed cone beam computed tomography images selected from a database belonging to a radiology centre. The scans of 174 healthy patients were analysed by using the Xoran software. Gender, age, and side were correlated with the Keros classification. The mean age of the 174 patients was 45.3 years. The most prevalent Keros classification was type II (65.52%), followed by type III (20.69%) and type I (13.79%). No significant differences were found between Keros classification and the variables age, right side (p value = 0.4620), and left side (p value = 0.5709). There were also no significant differences between gender and the variables right side (p value = 0.1421) and left side (p value = 0.2136). Based on these results, we suggest that cone beam computed tomography can be recommended for analysis of the anterior skull base. Keros type II was the most prevalent type in our sample. Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL) Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São José dos Campos Dental School São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Orthodontics and Radiology University of São Paulo City (UNICID) Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São José dos Campos Dental School São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Purpose This study evaluated dentoalveolar skeletal changes promoted by the Forsus appliance, associated to fixed orthodontic appliance, in the correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, from Computed Tomography (CT). Methods sample consisted of 10 youngsters (7 males and 3 females), with a mean age of 13.86 years. Two Forsus® models were installed after the alignment and leveling phase of the teeth. Two tomographic images of each patient, T1 and T2 (initial and immediately after removal of Forsus® appliance) were done to perform the anatomical tracings and obtain the variables of interest. The data were described by means and standard deviations. For the comparison between the initial and final phases, the paired “t” test was used and a significance level of 5% was considered (p Results small skeletal changes were observed, such as posterior maxillary displacement and a slight mandibular growth. Larger dentoalveolar changes occurred as extrusion, retrusion and lingualization of upper incisors; Intrusion, protrusion and vestibularization of the lower incisors; Mesialization and extrusion of lower molars. Conclusion Considering the patients evaluated in this study, Forsus® presented similar results to other mandibular propulsion appliances, with dentoalveolar effects that favored Class II correction, however, with very slight skeletal modifications.

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the precision of the torque applied by 0.022" self-ligating brackets of different brands, the precision of parallelism between the inner walls of their slots, and precision of their slot height. Eighty brackets for upper central incisors of eight trademarked models were selected: Abzil, GAC, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco, Forestadent, and Ortho Organizers. Images of the brackets were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and these were measured using the AutoCAD 2011 software. The tolerance parameters stated in the ISO 27020 standard were used as references. The results showed that only the Orthometric, Morelli, and Ormco groups showed results inconsistent with the ISO standard. Regarding the parallelism of the internal walls of the slots, most of the models studied had results in line with the ISO prescription, except the Morelli group. In assessing bracket slot height, only the Forestadent, GAC, American Orthodontics, and Ormco groups presented results in accordance with the ISO standard. The GAC, Forestadent, and American Orthodontics groups did not differ in relation to the three factors of the ISO 27020 standard. Great variability of results is observed in relation to all the variables.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento e instrução de higiene bucal e mecanismos de prevenção previamente adquiridas de indivíduos ingressantes pela primeira vez à Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo sobre a doença periodontal provenientes do cirurgião dentista. A análise foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado. Após responderem, foram orientados sobre a doença periodontal, bem como a sua prevenção. Foram avaliados 94 pacientes adultos entre 18 e 80 anos e os dados submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Para participar da pesquisa era necessário ter ido previamente ao cirurgião-dentista. Os resultados mostraram que 55,32% dos pacientes eram do gênero feminino, sendo predominante a faixa etária entre 45 a 60 anos. Escova e dentifrício foram os recursos mais utilizados para higienização bucal por 76,60% dos entrevistados. O percentual 60,64% dos pacientes alegaram nunca ter recebido orientação da maneira correta do uso do fio dental e 70,72% não tiveram a orientação do que é gengivite/periodontite advindas do cirurgião-dentista. O fio dental não é utilizado por 42,55% dos entrevistados, sendo 39,36% afirmaram que não utilizam porque não sabem. Pôde-se concluir que os pacientes avaliados apresentam um conhecimento desigual sobre a prevenção da doença periodontal. Existe a necessidade contínua de orientação sobre as medidas preventivas para a doença periodontal, ressaltando o papel da utilização do fio dental pelo cirurgião dentista e nos programas educativos.

Corrosão é um processo natural que ocorre quando um metal entra em contato com soluções ácidas. Esse fenômeno provoca danos estruturais aos fios ortodônticos de ligas de NiTi e Aço inoxidável.Trinta amostras com 10mm de comprimento, obtidas de arcos superiores de NiTi superelástico e de arcos de Aço, embebidos em ácido cítrico industrializado, solução de sprite e à base de cola. Cada grupo de solução foram embebidas, por 90 minutos, 05 unidades de segmentos de fio de cada liga, por 21 dias consecutivos, compondo 6 grupos experimentais. Após esse procedimento, analisou as amostras por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV).

The dimensional accuracy of orthodontic brackets slots is extremely important, since inaccuracy can affect orthodontic mechanics. The aim of this study was to investigate the slot heights of Roth prescription brackets from several commercial manufacturers. A total of 360 maxillary and mandibular incisor brackets from 6 different commercial models (Kirium Line, Ovation, Roth Light, Synthesis, Integra, and Miniature Twin) were selected and divided into 18 experimental groups containing maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, or mandibular central incisor brackets (n = 20). Brackets were viewed under a scanning electron microscope to acquire a clear image of all slot edges, and slot heights were measured at 2 locations on each bracket to acquire mean values. Group means and standard deviations were calculated and compared with the manufacturer reference value of 0.5588 mm (0.0220 inch) plus or minus a tolerance level of 0.0100 mm (∼0.0004 inch). With the exception of Synthesis maxillary lateral incisor brackets (P = 0.230), all brackets had slot heights that were significantly smaller than 0.5588 mm (P0.05). The measured slot heights were 1.84% to 14.91% smaller than the reference value. Virtually all measured bracket slot heights were smaller than claimed by the manufacturers, with great variability within the same brand and indication, revealing a lack of precision in the fabrication process.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhancement filters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Study Design: In total, 66 MRI scans of the TMJ were analyzed without filtration and with the application of 2 filters: Sharpen 1 and Sharpen 2 (OnDemand software). Two dentomaxillofacial radiologists examined the original and filtered images individually. Intra- and interobserver concordance was measured by using generalized estimating equations. The observers evaluated the subjective image quality and the visibility of 3 components of the TMJ: disk, condyle, and articular eminence. The images were ranked on a 4-point scale, from poor to excellent. The image quality of all filtered images was compared by using the χ 2 test and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: Intra- and interobserver concordance was good. The images filtered with Sharpen 1 and Sharpen 2 provided better definition of the structures compared with nonfiltered images, providing the highest scores for subjective image quality for all structures (P < .0001). Conclusions: The use of enhancement filters led to improved subjective quality and may improve the diagnostic efficacy of MRI in TMJ evaluation. Department of Orthodontics and Radiology University of São Paulo City (UNICID) Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São José dos Campos Dental School São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Medicine University of Cuenca Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São José dos Campos Dental School São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare changes in linear distance and inclination of lower incisors and canines and intercanine distance after a 30 months orthodontic treatment with self-ligating appliances. Seven patients were treated orthodontically with a Roth prescription passive self-ligating bracket. To perform the measurements and comparisons, CBCT scans were taken before the start of the orthodontic treatment (T(1)) and after a period of 30 months treatment (T(2)). The following measurements were performed: (1) the lower incisors and canines inclination in relation to the mandibular plane, (2) intercanine linear distance in millimeters and (3) linear distance in millimeters of the incisal and apical part of lower anterior teeth to a plane (POGM) passing through pogonion point and perpendicular to the mandibular plane. No significant difference were observed between T(1) and T(2) for canine inclination (p = 0.835), incisors inclination (p = 0.149), canine incisal distance to POGM (p = 0.423) and incisors incisal distance to POGM (p = 0.966), however canine apical distance (p = 0.049) and incisors apical distance (p = 0.002) to POGM was lower at T(1) than at T(2). The intercanine distance was significantly lower (p = 0.022) at T(1) when compared to T(2.) The use of passive self-ligating brackets in orthodontic treatment to solve 4 mm tooth crowding were able to produce dental arch expansion by bodily tooth movement.

Background Clinical cases involving agenesis of all four maxillary incisors are rare, with no previous reports in the literature. Case report The present case report describes an orthodontic treatment combined with esthetic dentistry in a 10-year-old girl with agenesis of all four permanent maxillary incisors, anterior crossbite, permanence of deciduous maxillary canines and transmigration of permanent maxillary canines into the region of the maxillary central incisors. For this case, it was decided on space closure using a fixed orthodontic apparatus and reshaping of the first premolars transforming them into canines. Porcelain veneers were used on the permanent and deciduous canines, substituting the maxillary central and lateral incisors, respectively. Regarding outcome, there was an improvement in facial profile, correction of the anterior crossbite, satisfactory intercuspidation of the teeth and significant esthetic improvement in smile. Maintaining the patient´s natural dentition also kept the bone plate intact for future placement of implants to substitute maxillary deciduous canines at the appropriate age. Conclusions Interdisciplinary planning combining orthodontics and esthetic dentistry was key in resolving this case. Key words:Tooth agenesis, upper incisors, orthodontic treatment.

O tratamento do câncer de cabeça e pescoço depende da idade do paciente, presença de comorbidades, tamanho do tumor, localização, grau, estágio, presença de linfonodos afetados e de metástases, e inclui cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia, combinadas ou separadamente. As complicações bucais da radio­terapia em região de cabeça e pescoço são amplamente conhecidas, tais como, mucosite, xerostomia, dis­geusia, trismo, cárie de radiação e osteorradionecrose. A prevenção ou redução da incidência e severidade dessas complicações são fundamentais para a manutenção da saúde bucal, tendo o dentista um papel primordial antes, durante e após a radioterapia. Dessa forma, este relato de caso visa discutir o atendi­mento odontológico de uma paciente irradiada em região de cabeça e pescoço, salientando as principais complicações bucais, manejo odontológico e a importância da Odontologia na equipe multidisciplinar no tratamento do câncer bucal.

The present study aimed to evaluate the precision of the torque applied by 0.022" self-ligating brackets of different brands, the precision of parallelism between the inner walls of their slots, and precision of their slot height. Eighty brackets for upper central incisors of eight trademarked models were selected: Abzil, GAC, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco, Forestadent, and Ortho Organizers. Images of the brackets were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and these were measured using the AutoCAD 2011 software. The tolerance parameters stated in the ISO 27020 standard were used as references. The results showed that only the Orthometric, Morelli, and Ormco groups showed results inconsistent with the ISO standard. Regarding the parallelism of the internal walls of the slots, most of the models studied had results in line with the ISO prescription, except the Morelli group. In assessing bracket slot height, only the Forestadent, GAC, American Orthodontics, and Ormco groups presented results in accordance with the ISO standard. The GAC, Forestadent, and American Orthodontics groups did not differ in relation to the three factors of the ISO 27020 standard. Great variability of results is observed in relation to all the variables.

OBJECTIVE: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a reliable method of assessing the oral cavity and upper airways. We conducted this study to examine the changes introduced by rapid maxillary expansion in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx as seen with images obtained by CBCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 15 patients with maxillary width deficiency treated with RME. Patients were subjected to CBCT at the beginning of RME and after the retention period of 4 months. RESULTS: The nasal cavity presented a significant transverse increase in the lower third, in the anterior (1.08 mm ± 0.15), medium (1.28 mm ± 0.15), and posterior regions (0.77 mm ± 0.12). No significant change occurred in the nasopharynx in volume (P = .11), median sagittal area (P = .33), or lower axial area (P = .29) resulting from the RME. A significant change was noted in the oropharynx in volume (P = .05), median sagittal area (P = .01), and lower axial area (P = .04) before and immediately after the RME. CONCLUSIONS: RME is able to increase the transverse width of the nasal cavity, but it does not have the same effect in the nasopharynx. Changes noted in the oropharynx may be due to the lack of a standardized position of the head and tongue at the time of image acquisition.

Objetivo: Determinar o pH crítico para ocorrer a corrosão de arcos NiTi em soluções de flúor a 1,1%, variando o pH de 3,5 a 7,0. Materiais e Métodos: Doze amostras com 10mm de comprimento de fio superelástico NiTi 0017 x 0025 (Abzil), obtidas do segmento distal dos arcos. As amostras foram aleatoriamente separadas e imersas dentro de recipientes contendo 40ml de seis soluções (água, soluções fluoretadas com pH: 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5 e 7,0), sob uma mesa agitadora durante 90 minutos. Todas as amostras foram, então, levadas ao MEV. As imagens das amostras imersas em água e soluções fluoretadas com pH 7,0, 6,5 e 6,0 não se apresentaram diferentes, no entanto a partir da solução fluoretada com pH 5,5, as imagens superficiais apresentaram características diferentes dos grupos anteriores. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, o pH crítico para corrosão de arcos NiTi em soluções de flúor a 1,1% parece estar entre 6,0 e 5,5.

OBJETIVO: esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a literatura relacionada a um relevante aspecto clínico, a configuração do arco dentário, salientando a importância da manutenção da forma original do arco dentário para se obter a estabilidade do tratamento ortodôntico, bem como avaliar os métodos utilizados para a determinação da forma do arco e os diagramas de forma propostos por diversos autores. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: constatou-se uma controvérsia quanto à indicação de uma forma ideal média e a seleção de uma forma individualizada a partir de diagramas que forneçam configurações variadas para o arco dentário. Entretanto, observou-se um progresso nas metodologias aplicadas nos recentes estudos, o que possivelmente fornecerá precisão nos próximos resultados.AIM: The main purposes of this study were to analyze the literature related to a relevant clinic aspect, the dental arch form, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the original form in order to obtain stability after the orthodontic treatment, as well as to evaluate the methods used for establishing the dental arch form and the arch form diagrams proposed by many authors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: It was verified that there is some controversy regarding the indication of an ideal average form and the selection of an individualized form from diagrams which provide varied formats for the dental arch. However, some progress was observed in the methodologies applied in recent studies, which will possibly provide more accuracy in arch form determination in the near future.

OBJETIVO: esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a literatura relacionada a um relevante aspecto clínico, a configuração do arco dentário, salientando a importância da manutenção da forma original do arco dentário para se obter a estabilidade do tratamento ortodôntico, bem como avaliar os métodos utilizados para a determinação da forma do arco e os diagramas de forma propostos por diversos autores. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: constatou-se uma controvérsia quanto à indicação de uma forma ideal média e a seleção de uma forma individualizada a partir de diagramas que forneçam configurações variadas para o arco dentário. Entretanto, observou-se um progresso nas metodologias aplicadas nos recentes estudos, o que possivelmente fornecerá precisão nos próximos resultados. AIM: The main purposes of this study were to analyze the literature related to a relevant clinic aspect, the dental arch form, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the original form in order to obtain stability after the orthodontic treatment, as well as to evaluate the methods used for establishing the dental arch form and the arch form diagrams proposed by many authors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: It was verified that there is some controversy regarding the indication of an ideal average form and the selection of an individualized form from diagrams which provide varied formats for the dental arch. However, some progress was observed in the methodologies applied in recent studies, which will possibly provide more accuracy in arch form determination in the near future.

Após a análise subjetiva utilizando fotografias de perfil de 540 indivíduos, selecionou-se 120 indivíduos adultos jovens (60 do gênero masculino e 60 do feminino), leucodermas, com perfil facial harmonioso, equilíbrio do terço inferior da face e selamento labial passivo, com o objetivo de estabelecer parâmetros cefalométricos para avaliar a estética facial e analisar as correlações entre referências anteroposteriores do tecido tegumentar da face. Utilizando telerradiografias dos indivíduos selecionados, foram desenhadas estruturas anatômicas de interesse e traçada a linha vertical passando pelo ponto sela (LSv) e linhas horizontais verdadeiras passando pelos pontos PRT (ponto de referência da fronte), Pn, A, Ls, Li, B e Pg. Os valores médios cefalométricos obtidos para o gênero masculino e feminino e o total da amostra foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos. As medidas cefalométricas avaliadas mostraram-se maiores no gênero masculino do que no feminino. No gênero masculino, todas as medidas cefalométricas do terço médio e inferior apresentaram correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa com a referência do terço superior da face e todas as correlações mostraram-se valores maiores que no feminino. No gênero feminino, não foram observadas correlações diretas estatisticamente significativas para as medidas Sv-B (p = 0,107) e Sv-Pg (p = 0,091). As fórmulas para a previsibilidade dos valores de Sv - Pn, Sv - A, Sv - Ls, Sv - Li, Sv - B e Sv - Pg para o gênero masculino e o feminino em função da medida Sv-PRT mostraram-se igual para ambos os gêneros, necessitando ser acrescido um valor compensatório a cada medida para os homens. After subjective analysis of profile photographs of 540 individuals, 120 young adults (60 males and 60 females), leucodermas, with balanced facial profile, equilibrium of the lower facial third and passive lip sealing, in order to establish cephalometrics parameters for facial esthetics and evaluate the correlation between anteroposterior references of facial soft tissues. By using lateral radiographies of the selected individuals, anatomic structures of interesting were drawn, and the true vertical line passing through Sela point (LSv) and true horizontal lines passing through points PRT (reference point of the forehead), Pn, A, Ls, Li, B e Pg. The cephalometric average values which were calculated for masculine, feminine genders and the total of sample were evaluated by statics tests. The cephalometric measures analyzed showed high values to the masculine gender in comparing to the feminine gender. In the masculine gender, all the cephalometric measures of the middle and lower facial third presented positive correlation statistically significant to the reference of the superior facial third and all correlations were higher than female measures. In the feminine gender, direct correlations statistically significant for Sv-B (p = 0,107) e Sv-Pg (p = 0,091) measures. The formulas for the prevision of the values of Sv - Pn, Sv - A, Sv - Ls, Sv - Li, Sv - B e Sv - Pg dimensions for males and females individuals in function of Sv-PRT showed similar in both genders, needing to be added a specific value for each measures for males individuals.

Em Ortodontia, a colagem de braquetes é um dos passos mais importantes durante o tratamento, principalmente na técnica Straight Wire, na qual os acessórios possuem uma forma específica para levar cada dente à posição prescrita, no que se refere à inclinação, angulação, ou mesmo adequando a posição vestíbulo-lingual das coroas, que variam devido às suas diferentes espessuras anatômicas. Outro ponto fundamental é a altura na qual os braquetes são posicionados, o que interfere diretamente na oclusão e na estética do sorriso. Se ocorre o posicionamento incorreto dos braquetes, além de contatos prematuros e outros possíveis danos, o profissional despenderá mais tempo realizando dobras compensatórias ou recolagens de acessórios. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e inscrever um projeto de patente, composto por um conjunto de posicionadores de braquetes ortodônticos, no intuito de promover um melhor e mais fácil posicionamento dos braquetes durante a colagem, diminuindo a chance de erros, otimizando o processo e tornando a rotina da clínica ortodôntica mais previsível e eficiente.

Existem várias alterações nos arcos dentários, entre estas se encontram as de número, forma e tamanho dos dentes. O dente supranumerário representa um fator etiológico importante e frequente da má oclusão. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de dentes supranumerários nos pacientes tratados nos cursos de pós-graduação em Ortodontia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo. A amostra, composta por 1117 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes que se submeteram a tratamento ortodôntico corretivo, foi estudada quanto à distribuição da prevalência de dentes supranumerários entre os gêneros, os arcos dentários e as regiões bucais. A média de idade da amostra foi de 13,7 anos, sendo que 56% dos pacientes eram do gênero feminino e 44% do masculino. Do total analisada, apenas 18 pacientes (1,61%) apresentaram dentes supranumerários. Em relação ao gênero, verificou-se uma prevalência de 1,9% no gênero feminino, enquanto o gênero masculino apresentou prevalência de 1,2%. Na comparação entre os gêneros não se verificou diferença com significância estatística. No total foram constatados 24 dentes supranumerários, uma vez que existiram radiografias de pessoas com a presença de mais de um dente supranumerário. Destes 24 dentes, 16 estavam no arco superior e 8 no arco inferior. A partir da metodologia aplicada e dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: a prevalência de dentes supranumerários foi de 1,61% dos indivíduos da amostra; não se pôde verificar diferença significante na prevalência de supranumerários entre os gêneros masculino e feminino; e a prevalência de dentes supranumerários foi estatisticamente semelhante para os arcos dentários superior e inferior, apesar de 66,7% deles terem sido localizados no arco superior.

Introduction: Because it is important to maintain dental arch dimensions during orthodontic therapy, all possible dental arch forms must be evaluated. Methods: A mathematical method associated with a polynomial function was used to evaluate the dental arch forms of 63 mandibular models of Brazilian adolescents in the permanent dentition with normal occlusion. A bead was glued to each tooth to simulate an orthodontic accessory and help in the measurement of distances between the center of the bead to the x- and y-axes. The dental casts were digitized, and images were plotted on a computer program to obtain the sixth-degree polynomial and the graph of this function. These segments were organized into 8 groups according to the form of the anterior curve of the dental arch; these were named forms A through H. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups: small, medium, and large sizes. Results: Form A was the most frequently observed at 22%, whereas form G was observed in only 2% of the total sample. Forms A, B, C, D, E, and F had more curve segments in medium size, and forms G and H had more curves in small size. A mean dental arch curve was calculated; however, this form coincided with form C, which had an incidence of 10%. Conclusions: The mandibular dental arch is represented by 23 forms; thus, a normal dental arch cannot be represented by only 1 simple arch form.

Introduction The aims of this study were to evaluate the distances between the mandibular permanent teeth and the alveolar process in Brazilians with normal occlusion and to compare them with normal American values. Methods We used 59 mandibular casts from untreated subjects who had permanent dentition and the 6 keys to normal occlusion. A computer program was used to calculate the distances between the dental reference points and the alveolar process for each tooth. The mean values were then compared to the normal values by applying the Student t test at a significance level of 0.05. Results The results showed a progressive increase of these distances from the anterior region (incisors) to the posterior region (molars), from 0.00 to 2.49 mm. All measurements had statistically significant differences from the American sample, except for the values for canines and first premolars. Conclusions Brazilians with normal occlusion have more lingual crown positions for the incisors, second premolars, and molars compared with Americans with normal occlusion. Although these findings were statistically significant, they are unlikely to be clinically significant.

Objetivo: Com o propósito de contribuir com o diagnóstico ortodôntico realizou-se o presente estudo para verificar a associação existente entre a Avaliação Subjetiva da Altura Facial e as mensurações cefalométricas do Índice de Vert (Análise de Ricketts), Quociente de Proporcionalidade (Análide de Siriwat-Jarabak) e Altura Facial Anterior inferior - AFAi (Análise de McNamara), disponíveis para avaliar padrão esquelético vertical da face de um indivíduo. Métodos: Utilizou-se 174 fotografias faciais padronizadas (87 frontais e 87 laterais) e 87 telerradiografias em norma lateral, correspondente a 46 adultos portadores de perfil facial equilibrado e 41 adultos que não apresentavam equilíbrio do perfil facial. Através do programa de computador (Dolphin 3D® version 11 premium, Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, CA EUA) foram obtidas as mensurações cefalométricas referentes às análises estudadas. Três ortodontistas experientes realizaram a Avaliação Subjetiva da Altura Facial através das fotografias de frente e de perfil, classificando a altura da face em aumentada, normal ou diminuída. Resultados: O teste estatístico Kappa ponderado foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre as análises e, os resultados mostraram fraca concordância (