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5. Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder before and after Supplementation with Vitamin D3.

Author

AlGhamdi, Shareefa, Alsulami, Nabilah, Khoja, Sawsan, Alsufiani, Hadeil, Tayeb, Haythum O., Alshaibi, Huda, and Tarazi, Frank I.

Subjects
CHOLECALCIFEROL, DIETARY supplements, MENTAL depression, GHRELIN, LEPTIN
Abstract

Aim. To determine serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after vitamin D3 supplementation. Methods. A total of 72 participants were recruited in this study (40 MDD patients and 32 healthy controls). MDD was diagnosed by using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) scale. Blood samples were collected from all participants at the beginning of the study to determine baseline serum 25(OH)D3, leptin, and ghrelin concentrations. Patients were then treated weekly with vitamin D3 (50,000 IU) for 3 months, and blood samples were collected again by the end of the study. Results. At baseline, serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls. In contrast, serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower compared to those in healthy controls. After supplementation with vitamin D3 for three months, MDD patients showed improvements characterized by a decrease in their BDI's scores and an increase in their serum vitamin D and ghrelin concentrations. No effects of vitamin D3 supplementation were seen on serum leptin concentration. Conclusions. The antidepressant effects of vitamin D3 supplementation could be mediated by ghrelin but not leptin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Novel antidepressant drugs: Beyond monoamine targets

Author

Gonda, Xenia, Dome, Peter, Neill, Joanna C., and Tarazi, Frank I.

Abstract

AbstractTreatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) including treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major unmet need. Although there are several classes of dissimilar antidepressant drugs approved for MDD, the current drugs have either limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects and withdrawal symptoms. The efficacy and side effects of antidepressant drugs are mainly attributed to their actions on different monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Development of new antidepressants with novel targets beyond the monoamine pathways may fill the unmet need in treatment of MDD and TRD. The recent approval of intranasal Esketamine (glutamatergic agent) in conjunction with an oral antidepressant for the treatment of adult TRD patients was the first step toward expanding beyond the monoamine targets. Several other glutamatergic (AXS-05, REL-1017, AV-101, SLS-002, AGN24175, and PCN-101) and GABAergic (brexanolone, zuranolone, and ganaxolone) drugs are currently in different stages of clinical development for MDD, TRD and other indications. The renaissance of psychedelic drugs and the emergence of preliminary positive clinical trial results with psilocybin, Ayahuasca, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may pave the way towards establishing this class of drugs as effective therapies for MDD, TRD and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Going beyond the monoamine targets appears to be an effective strategy to develop novel antidepressant drugs with superior efficacy, safety, and tolerability for the improved treatment of MDD and TRD.

Published
2023
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17. Relationship Between Public Mental Health and Immune Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Data from Saudi Arabia

Author

Alghamdi,Badrah S., Alatawi,Yasser, Alshehri,Fahad S, Tayeb,Haythum O, Tarazi,Frank I, Alghamdi,Badrah S., Alatawi,Yasser, Alshehri,Fahad S, Tayeb,Haythum O, and Tarazi,Frank I

Abstract

Badrah S Alghamdi,1,2,* Yasser Alatawi,3,* Fahad S Alshehri,4 Haythum O Tayeb,5 Frank I Tarazi6 1Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 5Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Badrah S Alghamdi Tel +966 567764144Email basalghamdi@kau.edu.saPurpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a worldwide pandemic and continues to escalate exponentially in many countries across the globe. Recently, higher rates of psychological distress have been reported in several countries during the pandemic. Accordingly, the study aim was to investigate the relationship between public mental health and immune status during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 2252 national and foreign residents of Saudi Arabia. We used a web-based self-rated questionnaire to measure the association between psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales [DASS-21]) and immune status (Immune Status Questionnaire [ISQ]) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigated predictors of reduced immune status using binary logistic regression analyses.Results: Data from 1721 respondents showed that 17.5% of participants scored below the immune status cutoff (ISQ Ë‚ 6). Mean (± standard deviation) depression, anxiety, and stress scores in the reduced immune status group (ISQ Ë‚ 6) ind

Published
2021

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