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Complex ultrasonography gives the objective information about the structure of liver and spleen, as well as about the blood flow in the bowel vessels. Color flow mapping makes it possible to determine the grade of the blood filling of the bowel wall in children with portal hypertension syndrome (PHS). We have provided the qualitative indices of intestinal blood flow in healthy children and in children with PHS.

The assessment of echographic features of biliary atresia was conducted in 65 newborn children ageing up to 3 mo. Their characteristic variants were revealed: the absence or reduction in size of gall-bladder, the presence of hyperechogenic triangular formation in V. portae bifurcation (the symptom of "triangular cicatrix"); the thickening of anterior wall of V. portae right branch. The timely and correct establishment of the diagnosis permits a child to survive and serve the hepatic fibrosis prophylaxis. Echohepatography is a sufficiently trustful method of investigation.

The paper addresses issues of preparation of patients for ultrasound investigation of the stomach and bowels. Echographic structure of hollow organs in the norm is presented. Approaches to examining different portions of the stomach and intestine are outlined.

Ultrasonic signs of colitis were studied in 24 adults aged 20 to 53 yr and 38 children aged 3-16 yr in whom chronic colitis was diagnosed. 2 adults and three children had ulcerative colitis. The results obtained showed that with the aid of echography it is possible to detect inflammatory lesions in the large intestine as well as to observe the time course of changes in its wall during the course of treatment. Ultrasonic investigation can be of screening type in detecting an inflammatory process in the large intestine, on the one hand, and a method of profound study of changes in its wall, on the other.

Correlation has been carried out between hemodynamic, structural and clinical changes in stenotic lesions of major brain arteries in 175 patients with atherosclerotic dyscirculatory encephalopathy. The paper analyses the results of ultrasonic and radioopaque diagnosis of vascular lesions of the head and neck, those of clinical, neurological observations and data from computerized tomography scans of the brain. Topographic connections have been established between hemodynamic, structural and neurological manifestations of the disease. It was not infrequently that moderately severe hydrocephaly as one of the manifestations of atrophy of the brain in these patients outstripped brain infarction. Vascular aspect is considered of paresthesias in the extremities by monotype in lesions of major arteries of one of the extremities.

Results of the action of a preparation consisting of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum and deoxyribonucleic acid combined in the saline balanced solution by means of the original technique on cytomegalovirus infection of patients with cancer of the liver are presented. Clearly pronounced antivirus activity of the preparation developed is noted.

Results of 194 patients observation with cancer of corpus et cauda pancreatis are adduced. Clinical forms of the disease are distinguished. Rational algorithm for the examination of patients with probable cancer of corpus et cauda pancreatis diagnosis was elaborated grounded on the efficacy analysis of various methods of examination (ultrasonic investigation, computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, selective, angiography and so on). The algorithm application permitted to improve significantly the diagnosis of disease.

In the article, the expediency of the use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of the different forms of acute pancreatitis in 49 patients is substantiated and results are analysed.

The authors treated 18 patients with multiple cholangiogenic hepatic abscesses, which developed after creation of the biliodigestive anastomoses due to digestive-biliary reflux with prolonged retention of food masses in the bile ducts, duodenostasis and stenosing of the anastomosis. Puncture of the abscesses under guidance of sonography in combination with complex antibacterial therapy, timely correction of digestive-biliary reflux contributed to achieving the satisfactory result of treatment.

The authors have examined 280 patients with the syndrome of jaundice and bilirubinemia of more than 21 mumol/l in order to establish echographic differential diagnostic criteria of mechanical and parenchymatous jaundice. The method of echography enabled the correct type of jaundice to be established in 97% of cases, in 73.8%--the level, length and origin of obstruction. The data presented allow to recommend echography as the method of choice in differential diagnosis of diseases accompanied by jaundice.

On the basis of examination of 15 patients, the possibilities of ultrasound diagnosis of gastric cancer are shown.

The authors analyze results of the ultrasonic echotomoscanning of the liver in 45 patients, 22 of them having abscesses of the liver. This method could successfully diagnose the disease in 20 out of 22 patients prior to operation, which shows its high diagnostic value.

Functional and structural changes of the hepato-biliary system were assessed in 56 persons with different forms of chronic alcoholism. In patients with prenosological forms of chronic alcoholism despite the absence of clinical manifestations and functional disorders of the liver, phenomena of fatty infiltration of the liver were revealed by means of ultrasound examination. Patients with chronic alcoholism of grade II and III showed an increase of the activity of aminotransferases, increased values of the thymol test, hypoalbuminemia, disorders of lipid metabolism. Phenomena of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were revealed by ultrasound examination in these patients.