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Lviv (Ukraine), a city of about 1 million inhabitants, is classified as a Western Forest-Steppe according to the forestry zonation. The mesoclimatic anomaly in the Western Forest-Steppe with its humid mild climate is composed of the sum of microclimates formed by the thermal regime. As in every large city, Lviv has historically developed a distinctive microclimate influenced by many natural and anthropogenic factors, including global climate change, urban development, population growth, landscape fires, etc. This contributes to the development of a heat island effect, which is characterised primarily by an increase in air temperature and a decrease in air humidity and is a negative factor for the development of vegetation in the city's green zone. It was necessary to investigate the territory of the "dry island" - the lower tier of the "heat island" - to determine the level of vitality of the main woody plants located within these boundaries. As it could be observed, the "dry island" is located in the dense development of the central part of the city, where the temperature of the dead underlying surface (stone, asphalt, concrete) was in the range of +57-+62°C, the air temperature was +28.5-+29.1°C, and the humidity was 50.2-51.2%. Drought conditions affect the growth, development and reproductive capacity of woody plants. It has been established that the heat island should be reduced by urban greening in the horizontal and vertical ranges, and to maintain the physiological stability of tree plantations in the hot season, it is necessary to develop recommendations for the care of vegetation in the green zone of the city, depending on microclimatic indicators, especially air and soil temperatures, air and soil humidity.

This article examines the possibilities of improving the ecological condition of small Rivers on the example of the upper part of the Prut River in the vicinity of Yaremche (Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine). The previously published data of the article authors and other researchers that the amount of pollutants in River water in this area has increased, in particular, phosphorus compounds, has been confirmed. It is shown that the incompletely purified waste waters of Yaremche, which contains an excess of phosphate ions, has a significant impact on this fact. Based on their own previous research and current work, the authors propose to remove these ions using a natural sorbent based on bentonite, activated by microwaves in various ways. Experiments have shown that microwave activation of this sorbent increases the coefficient of phosphate ions extraction from waste water significantly higher compared to natural bentonite. An approximate technological scheme of waste water purification from excess phosphates after the main standard purifying cycle is suggested.

Negative effects of the urban environment on the morphological and physiological states of Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd' have been investigated. For comparison, two plots were selected for the cultivation of eastern arborvitae cultivars: one in a public garden (the control plot) and the other one in street planting with its positive vertical temperature gradient associated with overheating and dehydration of the soil. This situation had a negative impact on the biometric and physiological parameters of the plants, and, in the end, the level of their vitality. If, under optimal growth conditions, the vertical temperature gradient is negative (in the crown the air temperature is higher and the soil temperature in the rhizosphere zone is lower), physiological processes in Thuja ocidentalis 'Smaragd' (transpiration, water-holding capacity) proceed in a normal mode. A change in the temperature regime (soil temperature is higher than the air temperature in the crown), under conditions of a positive temperature gradient, leads to negative consequences: the morphological structure of plants changes (the growth of the apical and side shoots slows down, the number of needles increases, the lower parts of the trunks get bared, the length and volume of the crown are reduced), also physiological processes are disturbed - moisture deficiency increases, water holding capacity decreases, the needles' pigment composition changes towards decreasing the amount of chlorophylls (a + b) and carotenoids. A decrease in the vitality level of the study plants with a positive temperature gradient was confirmed by the vitality indices Rfd established by the fluorescence means (negative gradient 0.64; positive gradient 0.33).

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus(Jacq. ex Fr.)P. Kumm.) is involved in the destruction of dead wood which is the main place of settlement of several living organisms.After humification, dead wood also becomes an important component of forest soils.The purpose of the research is to study temperature and moisture conditions of extensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms on various wood substrates.To accomplish this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the amount of effective stress temperatures and moisture content of substrates and their influence on the appearance of fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom;to study the featuresof the extensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms on the tree stumps of cutover areas, in the hollows of broadleaved trees, using brushwood, on inoculated log sections in trenches, on log sections ofdead dry trees. The oyster mushroom fruiting bodies collected in the suburban forest formed the basis of the experiment on the inoculation of different types of substrates.The inoculation of the log sections was carried with a relative air humidity of 85%, the process of overgrowing lasted from 2 to 3 months.The edaphic-climatic factors of different types of space -closed and open -were taken into account.The amountof effective temperatures necessary for the development of fruiting bodies has been determined. It was foundthat the intensive growth of the mushroom fruiting bodies begins after a sharp cooling (a drop in night temperatures to 4-8 ° C), which causes a stressful state of the mushroom. The amountof the effective stress temperatures is4.6 ° C. Long-term phenological observations have revealedthat the amountof the effective temperatures in the spring is 76.4 ° C, and in the autumn-59.4 ° C. The duration of fruiting of oyster mushroom on log sectionsof hardwoodsis 14 days in springand 17 days in autumn longer than on softwoods blocks. It was foundthat the biomass of the fruiting bodies is directly dependent on the thickness of the log section, and,therefore,it is recommended to use log sectionsranging from 35 cm to 50 cm in diameter and up to 30 cm in length.