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2. Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban-PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results

Author

Lipson, MJ, Grimmond, S, Best, M, Abramowitz, G, Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Baik, J-J, Beyers, M, Blunn, L, Boussetta, S, Bou-Zeid, E, De Kauwe, MG, de Munck, C, Demuzere, M, Fatichi, S, Fortuniak, K, Han, B-S, Hendry, MA, Kikegawa, Y, Kondo, H, Lee, D-I, Lee, S-H, Lemonsu, A, Machado, T, Manoli, G, Martilli, A, Masson, V, McNorton, J, Meili, N, Meyer, D, Nice, KA, Oleson, KW, Park, S-B, Roth, M, Schoetter, R, Simon-Moral, A, Steeneveld, G-J, Sun, T, Takane, Y, Thatcher, M, Tsiringakis, A, Varentsov, M, Wang, C, Wang, Z-H, Pitman, AJ, Lipson, MJ, Grimmond, S, Best, M, Abramowitz, G, Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Baik, J-J, Beyers, M, Blunn, L, Boussetta, S, Bou-Zeid, E, De Kauwe, MG, de Munck, C, Demuzere, M, Fatichi, S, Fortuniak, K, Han, B-S, Hendry, MA, Kikegawa, Y, Kondo, H, Lee, D-I, Lee, S-H, Lemonsu, A, Machado, T, Manoli, G, Martilli, A, Masson, V, McNorton, J, Meili, N, Meyer, D, Nice, KA, Oleson, KW, Park, S-B, Roth, M, Schoetter, R, Simon-Moral, A, Steeneveld, G-J, Sun, T, Takane, Y, Thatcher, M, Tsiringakis, A, Varentsov, M, Wang, C, Wang, Z-H, and Pitman, AJ

Abstract

Accurately predicting weather and climate in cities is critical for safeguarding human health and strengthening urban resilience. Multimodel evaluations can lead to model improvements; however, there have been no major intercomparisons of urban‐focussed land surface models in over a decade. Here, in Phase 1 of the Urban‐PLUMBER project, we evaluate the ability of 30 land surface models to simulate surface energy fluxes critical to atmospheric meteorological and air quality simulations. We establish minimum and upper performance expectations for participating models using simple information‐limited models as benchmarks. Compared with the last major model intercomparison at the same site, we find broad improvement in the current cohort's predictions of short‐wave radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes, but little or no improvement in long‐wave radiation and momentum fluxes. Models with a simple urban representation (e.g., ‘slab’ schemes) generally perform well, particularly when combined with sophisticated hydrological/vegetation models. Some mid‐complexity models (e.g., ‘canyon’ schemes) also perform well, indicating efforts to integrate vegetation and hydrology processes have paid dividends. The most complex models that resolve three‐dimensional interactions between buildings in general did not perform as well as other categories. However, these models also tended to have the simplest representations of hydrology and vegetation. Models without any urban representation (i.e., vegetation‐only land surface models) performed poorly for latent heat fluxes, and reasonably for other energy fluxes at this suburban site. Our analysis identified widespread human errors in initial submissions that substantially affected model performances. Although significant efforts are applied to correct these errors, we conclude that human factors are likely to influence results in this (or any) model intercomparison, particularly where participating scientists have varying ex

Published
2024

3. Pavement watering as an urban heat mitigation technique

Author

Traill, E, Nice, K, Tapper, N, ARBLASTER, JM, Traill, E, Nice, K, Tapper, N, and ARBLASTER, JM

Abstract

Climate change, rapid urbanisation, and ageing populations are reinforcing the need for urban heat mitigation techniques. Pavement watering is one such technique, where evaporative cooling is induced through wetting urban surfaces. The aim of this research is to assess the potential cooling benefits of pavement watering. To do this, a 10 × 10 m section of a car park was watered, and experiments were conducted at midday, the afternoon, and the evening across three days. Pavement watering was found to induce a mean cooling of up to 0.6 °C in air temperature and 2 °C in UTCI at 1.5 m. Benefits were related to prevailing conditions, with lower wind speeds associated with greater cooling. Surface temperature was also found to decrease by up to 9.0 °C, and the surface energy balance of the watered carpark was characteristic of a highly evaporative surface. However, there were limitations of the experiments; notably, the assumptions made to correct observations increased uncertainty, and the small scale of the experiment likely limited the observed cooling benefits. Despite this, pavement watering was shown to reduce air temperature and surface temperature, as well as improve thermal comfort, and thus may potentially be used in emergencies to provide cooling in urban areas.

Published
2024

5. Present Day and Future Cooling Enabled by Integrated Water Management

Author

Tapper, N, Coutts, A, Nice, K, Demuzere, M, Tapper, N, Coutts, A, Nice, K, and Demuzere, M

Abstract

As critical input to development of future Australian urban water policy we were engaged by the Australian Government to use TARGET1.(The Air temperature Response to Green infrastructure Evaluation Tool) to assess urban heat amelioration associated with various levels of IWM (amounts of water and green infrastructure in the urban landscape) for nine Australian cities (Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, Albury-Wodonga and Townsville) for two future time frames (2030 and 2050) and for multiple emissions scenarios (SSP 1.2-6, 3.7-0 and 5.8-5). In further work (not discussed here), the results from the urban climate modelling were then to be used to develop estimates of the potential health-economic benefits of using IWM to deliver cooler climates under current and future climates.

Published
2023

10. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data (vol 7, 225, 2020)

Author

Pastorello, G, Trotta, C, Canfora, E, Chu, H, Christianson, D, Cheah, Y-W, Poindexter, C, Chen, J, Elbashandy, A, Humphrey, M, Isaac, P, Polidori, D, Reichstein, M, Ribeca, A, van Ingen, C, Vuichard, N, Zhang, L, Amiro, B, Ammann, C, Arain, MA, Ardo, J, Arkebauer, T, Arndt, SK, Arriga, N, Aubinet, M, Aurela, M, Baldocchi, D, Barr, A, Beamesderfer, E, Marchesini, LB, Bergeron, O, Beringer, J, Bernhofer, C, Berveiller, D, Billesbach, D, Black, TA, Blanken, PD, Bohrer, G, Boike, J, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bonnefond, J-M, Bowling, DR, Bracho, R, Brodeur, J, Brummer, C, Buchmann, N, Burban, B, Burns, SP, Buysse, P, Cale, P, Cavagna, M, Cellier, P, Chen, S, Chini, I, Christensen, TR, Cleverly, J, Collalti, A, Consalvo, C, Cook, BD, Cook, D, Coursolle, C, Cremonese, E, Curtis, PS, D'Andrea, E, da Rocha, H, Dai, X, Davis, KJ, De Cinti, B, de Grandcourt, A, De Ligne, A, De Oliveira, RC, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Di Bella, CM, di Tommasi, P, Dolman, H, Domingo, F, Dong, G, Dore, S, Duce, P, Dufrene, E, Dunn, A, Dusek, J, Eamus, D, Eichelmann, U, ElKhidir, HAM, Eugster, W, Ewenz, CM, Ewers, B, Famulari, D, Fares, S, Feigenwinter, I, Feitz, A, Fensholt, R, Filippa, G, Fischer, M, Frank, J, Galvagno, M, Gharun, M, Gianelle, D, Gielen, B, Gioli, B, Gitelson, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Goldstein, AH, Gough, CM, Goulden, ML, Graf, A, Griebel, A, Gruening, C, Grunwald, T, Hammerle, A, Han, S, Han, X, Hansen, BU, Hanson, C, Hatakka, J, He, Y, Hehn, M, Heinesch, B, Hinko-Najera, N, Hortnagl, L, Hutley, L, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Jackowicz-Korczynski, M, Janous, D, Jans, W, Jassal, R, Jiang, S, Kato, T, Khomik, M, Klatt, J, Knohl, A, Knox, S, Kobayashi, H, Koerber, G, Kolle, O, Kosugi, Y, Kotani, A, Kowalski, A, Kruijt, B, Kurbatova, J, Kutsch, WL, Kwon, H, Launiainen, S, Laurila, T, Law, B, Leuning, R, Li, Y, Liddell, M, Limousin, J-M, Lion, M, Liska, AJ, Lohila, A, Lopez-Ballesteros, A, Lopez-Blanco, E, Loubet, B, Loustau, D, Lucas-Moffat, A, Luers, J, Ma, S, Macfarlane, C, Magliulo, V, Maier, R, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Marcolla, B, Margolis, HA, Marras, S, Massman, W, Mastepanov, M, Matamala, R, Matthes, JH, Mazzenga, F, McCaughey, H, McHugh, I, McMillan, AMS, Merbold, L, Meyer, W, Meyers, T, Miller, SD, Minerbi, S, Moderow, U, Monson, RK, Montagnani, L, Moore, CE, Moors, E, Moreaux, V, Moureaux, C, Munger, JW, Nakai, T, Neirynck, J, Nesic, Z, Nicolini, G, Noormets, A, Northwood, M, Nosetto, M, Nouvellon, Y, Novick, K, Oechel, W, Olesen, JE, Ourcival, J-M, Papuga, SA, Parmentier, F-J, Paul-Limoges, E, Pavelka, M, Peichl, M, Pendall, E, Phillips, RP, Pilegaard, K, Pirk, N, Posse, G, Powell, T, Prasse, H, Prober, SM, Rambal, S, Rannik, U, Raz-Yaseef, N, Rebmann, C, Reed, D, de Dios, VR, Restrepo-Coupe, N, Reverter, BR, Roland, M, Sabbatini, S, Sachs, T, Saleska, SR, Sanchez-Canete, EP, Sanchez-Mejia, ZM, Schmid, HP, Schmidt, M, Schneider, K, Schrader, F, Schroder, I, Scott, RL, Sedlak, P, Serrano-Ortiz, P, Shao, C, Shi, P, Shironya, I, Siebicke, L, Sigut, L, Silberstein, R, Sirca, C, Spano, D, Steinbrecher, R, Stevens, RM, Sturtevant, C, Suyker, A, Tagesson, T, Takanashi, S, Tang, Y, Tapper, N, Thom, J, Tomassucci, M, Tuovinen, J-P, Urbanski, S, Valentini, R, van der Molen, M, van Gorsel, E, van Huissteden, K, Varlagin, A, Verfaillie, J, Vesala, T, Vincke, C, Vitale, D, Vygodskaya, N, Walker, JP, Walter-Shea, E, Wang, H, Weber, R, Westermann, S, Wille, C, Wofsy, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Woodgate, W, Zampedri, R, Zhang, J, Zhou, G, Zona, D, Agarwal, D, Biraud, S, Torn, M, Papale, D, Pastorello, G, Trotta, C, Canfora, E, Chu, H, Christianson, D, Cheah, Y-W, Poindexter, C, Chen, J, Elbashandy, A, Humphrey, M, Isaac, P, Polidori, D, Reichstein, M, Ribeca, A, van Ingen, C, Vuichard, N, Zhang, L, Amiro, B, Ammann, C, Arain, MA, Ardo, J, Arkebauer, T, Arndt, SK, Arriga, N, Aubinet, M, Aurela, M, Baldocchi, D, Barr, A, Beamesderfer, E, Marchesini, LB, Bergeron, O, Beringer, J, Bernhofer, C, Berveiller, D, Billesbach, D, Black, TA, Blanken, PD, Bohrer, G, Boike, J, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bonnefond, J-M, Bowling, DR, Bracho, R, Brodeur, J, Brummer, C, Buchmann, N, Burban, B, Burns, SP, Buysse, P, Cale, P, Cavagna, M, Cellier, P, Chen, S, Chini, I, Christensen, TR, Cleverly, J, Collalti, A, Consalvo, C, Cook, BD, Cook, D, Coursolle, C, Cremonese, E, Curtis, PS, D'Andrea, E, da Rocha, H, Dai, X, Davis, KJ, De Cinti, B, de Grandcourt, A, De Ligne, A, De Oliveira, RC, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Di Bella, CM, di Tommasi, P, Dolman, H, Domingo, F, Dong, G, Dore, S, Duce, P, Dufrene, E, Dunn, A, Dusek, J, Eamus, D, Eichelmann, U, ElKhidir, HAM, Eugster, W, Ewenz, CM, Ewers, B, Famulari, D, Fares, S, Feigenwinter, I, Feitz, A, Fensholt, R, Filippa, G, Fischer, M, Frank, J, Galvagno, M, Gharun, M, Gianelle, D, Gielen, B, Gioli, B, Gitelson, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Goldstein, AH, Gough, CM, Goulden, ML, Graf, A, Griebel, A, Gruening, C, Grunwald, T, Hammerle, A, Han, S, Han, X, Hansen, BU, Hanson, C, Hatakka, J, He, Y, Hehn, M, Heinesch, B, Hinko-Najera, N, Hortnagl, L, Hutley, L, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Jackowicz-Korczynski, M, Janous, D, Jans, W, Jassal, R, Jiang, S, Kato, T, Khomik, M, Klatt, J, Knohl, A, Knox, S, Kobayashi, H, Koerber, G, Kolle, O, Kosugi, Y, Kotani, A, Kowalski, A, Kruijt, B, Kurbatova, J, Kutsch, WL, Kwon, H, Launiainen, S, Laurila, T, Law, B, Leuning, R, Li, Y, Liddell, M, Limousin, J-M, Lion, M, Liska, AJ, Lohila, A, Lopez-Ballesteros, A, Lopez-Blanco, E, Loubet, B, Loustau, D, Lucas-Moffat, A, Luers, J, Ma, S, Macfarlane, C, Magliulo, V, Maier, R, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Marcolla, B, Margolis, HA, Marras, S, Massman, W, Mastepanov, M, Matamala, R, Matthes, JH, Mazzenga, F, McCaughey, H, McHugh, I, McMillan, AMS, Merbold, L, Meyer, W, Meyers, T, Miller, SD, Minerbi, S, Moderow, U, Monson, RK, Montagnani, L, Moore, CE, Moors, E, Moreaux, V, Moureaux, C, Munger, JW, Nakai, T, Neirynck, J, Nesic, Z, Nicolini, G, Noormets, A, Northwood, M, Nosetto, M, Nouvellon, Y, Novick, K, Oechel, W, Olesen, JE, Ourcival, J-M, Papuga, SA, Parmentier, F-J, Paul-Limoges, E, Pavelka, M, Peichl, M, Pendall, E, Phillips, RP, Pilegaard, K, Pirk, N, Posse, G, Powell, T, Prasse, H, Prober, SM, Rambal, S, Rannik, U, Raz-Yaseef, N, Rebmann, C, Reed, D, de Dios, VR, Restrepo-Coupe, N, Reverter, BR, Roland, M, Sabbatini, S, Sachs, T, Saleska, SR, Sanchez-Canete, EP, Sanchez-Mejia, ZM, Schmid, HP, Schmidt, M, Schneider, K, Schrader, F, Schroder, I, Scott, RL, Sedlak, P, Serrano-Ortiz, P, Shao, C, Shi, P, Shironya, I, Siebicke, L, Sigut, L, Silberstein, R, Sirca, C, Spano, D, Steinbrecher, R, Stevens, RM, Sturtevant, C, Suyker, A, Tagesson, T, Takanashi, S, Tang, Y, Tapper, N, Thom, J, Tomassucci, M, Tuovinen, J-P, Urbanski, S, Valentini, R, van der Molen, M, van Gorsel, E, van Huissteden, K, Varlagin, A, Verfaillie, J, Vesala, T, Vincke, C, Vitale, D, Vygodskaya, N, Walker, JP, Walter-Shea, E, Wang, H, Weber, R, Westermann, S, Wille, C, Wofsy, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Woodgate, W, Zampedri, R, Zhang, J, Zhou, G, Zona, D, Agarwal, D, Biraud, S, Torn, M, and Papale, D

Abstract

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00851-9.

Published
2021

11. Author Correction: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Pastorello, G, Trotta, C, Canfora, E, Chu, H, Christianson, D, Cheah, Y-W, Poindexter, C, Chen, J, Elbashandy, A, Humphrey, M, Isaac, P, Polidori, D, Reichstein, M, Ribeca, A, van Ingen, C, Vuichard, N, Zhang, L, Amiro, B, Ammann, C, Arain, MA, Ardö, J, Arkebauer, T, Arndt, SK, Arriga, N, Aubinet, M, Aurela, M, Baldocchi, D, Barr, A, Beamesderfer, E, Marchesini, LB, Bergeron, O, Beringer, J, Bernhofer, C, Berveiller, D, Billesbach, D, Black, TA, Blanken, PD, Bohrer, G, Boike, J, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bonnefond, J-M, Bowling, DR, Bracho, R, Brodeur, J, Brümmer, C, Buchmann, N, Burban, B, Burns, SP, Buysse, P, Cale, P, Cavagna, M, Cellier, P, Chen, S, Chini, I, Christensen, TR, Cleverly, J, Collalti, A, Consalvo, C, Cook, BD, Cook, D, Coursolle, C, Cremonese, E, Curtis, PS, D’Andrea, E, da Rocha, H, Dai, X, Davis, KJ, De Cinti, B, de Grandcourt, A, De Ligne, A, De Oliveira, RC, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Di Bella, CM, di Tommasi, P, Dolman, H, Domingo, F, Dong, G, Dore, S, Duce, P, Dufrêne, E, Dunn, A, Dušek, J, Eamus, D, Eichelmann, U, ElKhidir, HAM, Eugster, W, Ewenz, CM, Ewers, B, Famulari, D, Fares, S, Feigenwinter, I, Feitz, A, Fensholt, R, Filippa, G, Fischer, M, Frank, J, Galvagno, M, Gharun, M, Gianelle, D, Gielen, B, Gioli, B, Gitelson, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Goldstein, AH, Gough, CM, Goulden, ML, Graf, A, Griebel, A, Gruening, C, Grünwald, T, Hammerle, A, Han, S, Han, X, Hansen, BU, Hanson, C, Hatakka, J, He, Y, Hehn, M, Heinesch, B, Hinko-Najera, N, Hörtnagl, L, Hutley, L, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Jackowicz-Korczynski, M, Janouš, D, Jans, W, Jassal, R, Jiang, S, Kato, T, Khomik, M, Klatt, J, Knohl, A, Knox, S, Kobayashi, H, Koerber, G, Kolle, O, Kosugi, Y, Kotani, A, Kowalski, A, Kruijt, B, Kurbatova, J, Kutsch, WL, Kwon, H, Launiainen, S, Laurila, T, Law, B, Leuning, R, Li, Y, Liddell, M, Limousin, J-M, Lion, M, Liska, AJ, Lohila, A, López-Ballesteros, A, López-Blanco, E, Loubet, B, Loustau, D, Lucas-Moffat, A, Lüers, J, Ma, S, Macfarlane, C, Magliulo, V, Maier, R, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Marcolla, B, Margolis, HA, Marras, S, Massman, W, Mastepanov, M, Matamala, R, Matthes, JH, Mazzenga, F, McCaughey, H, McHugh, I, McMillan, AMS, Merbold, L, Meyer, W, Meyers, T, Miller, SD, Minerbi, S, Moderow, U, Monson, RK, Montagnani, L, Moore, CE, Moors, E, Moreaux, V, Moureaux, C, Munger, JW, Nakai, T, Neirynck, J, Nesic, Z, Nicolini, G, Noormets, A, Northwood, M, Nosetto, M, Nouvellon, Y, Novick, K, Oechel, W, Olesen, JE, Ourcival, J-M, Papuga, SA, Parmentier, F-J, Paul-Limoges, E, Pavelka, M, Peichl, M, Pendall, E, Phillips, RP, Pilegaard, K, Pirk, N, Posse, G, Powell, T, Prasse, H, Prober, SM, Rambal, S, Rannik, Ü, Raz-Yaseef, N, Rebmann, C, Reed, D, de Dios, VR, Restrepo-Coupe, N, Reverter, BR, Roland, M, Sabbatini, S, Sachs, T, Saleska, SR, Sánchez-Cañete, EP, Sanchez-Mejia, ZM, Schmid, HP, Schmidt, M, Schneider, K, Schrader, F, Schroder, I, Scott, RL, Sedlák, P, Serrano-Ortíz, P, Shao, C, Shi, P, Shironya, I, Siebicke, L, Šigut, L, Silberstein, R, Sirca, C, Spano, D, Steinbrecher, R, Stevens, RM, Sturtevant, C, Suyker, A, Tagesson, T, Takanashi, S, Tang, Y, Tapper, N, Thom, J, Tomassucci, M, Tuovinen, J-P, Urbanski, S, Valentini, R, van der Molen, M, van Gorsel, E, van Huissteden, K, Varlagin, A, Verfaillie, J, Vesala, T, Vincke, C, Vitale, D, Vygodskaya, N, Walker, JP, Walter-Shea, E, Wang, H, Weber, R, Westermann, S, Wille, C, Wofsy, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Woodgate, W, Zampedri, R, Zhang, J, Zhou, G, Zona, D, Agarwal, D, Biraud, S, Torn, M, Papale, D, Pastorello, G, Trotta, C, Canfora, E, Chu, H, Christianson, D, Cheah, Y-W, Poindexter, C, Chen, J, Elbashandy, A, Humphrey, M, Isaac, P, Polidori, D, Reichstein, M, Ribeca, A, van Ingen, C, Vuichard, N, Zhang, L, Amiro, B, Ammann, C, Arain, MA, Ardö, J, Arkebauer, T, Arndt, SK, Arriga, N, Aubinet, M, Aurela, M, Baldocchi, D, Barr, A, Beamesderfer, E, Marchesini, LB, Bergeron, O, Beringer, J, Bernhofer, C, Berveiller, D, Billesbach, D, Black, TA, Blanken, PD, Bohrer, G, Boike, J, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bonnefond, J-M, Bowling, DR, Bracho, R, Brodeur, J, Brümmer, C, Buchmann, N, Burban, B, Burns, SP, Buysse, P, Cale, P, Cavagna, M, Cellier, P, Chen, S, Chini, I, Christensen, TR, Cleverly, J, Collalti, A, Consalvo, C, Cook, BD, Cook, D, Coursolle, C, Cremonese, E, Curtis, PS, D’Andrea, E, da Rocha, H, Dai, X, Davis, KJ, De Cinti, B, de Grandcourt, A, De Ligne, A, De Oliveira, RC, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Di Bella, CM, di Tommasi, P, Dolman, H, Domingo, F, Dong, G, Dore, S, Duce, P, Dufrêne, E, Dunn, A, Dušek, J, Eamus, D, Eichelmann, U, ElKhidir, HAM, Eugster, W, Ewenz, CM, Ewers, B, Famulari, D, Fares, S, Feigenwinter, I, Feitz, A, Fensholt, R, Filippa, G, Fischer, M, Frank, J, Galvagno, M, Gharun, M, Gianelle, D, Gielen, B, Gioli, B, Gitelson, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Goldstein, AH, Gough, CM, Goulden, ML, Graf, A, Griebel, A, Gruening, C, Grünwald, T, Hammerle, A, Han, S, Han, X, Hansen, BU, Hanson, C, Hatakka, J, He, Y, Hehn, M, Heinesch, B, Hinko-Najera, N, Hörtnagl, L, Hutley, L, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Jackowicz-Korczynski, M, Janouš, D, Jans, W, Jassal, R, Jiang, S, Kato, T, Khomik, M, Klatt, J, Knohl, A, Knox, S, Kobayashi, H, Koerber, G, Kolle, O, Kosugi, Y, Kotani, A, Kowalski, A, Kruijt, B, Kurbatova, J, Kutsch, WL, Kwon, H, Launiainen, S, Laurila, T, Law, B, Leuning, R, Li, Y, Liddell, M, Limousin, J-M, Lion, M, Liska, AJ, Lohila, A, López-Ballesteros, A, López-Blanco, E, Loubet, B, Loustau, D, Lucas-Moffat, A, Lüers, J, Ma, S, Macfarlane, C, Magliulo, V, Maier, R, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Marcolla, B, Margolis, HA, Marras, S, Massman, W, Mastepanov, M, Matamala, R, Matthes, JH, Mazzenga, F, McCaughey, H, McHugh, I, McMillan, AMS, Merbold, L, Meyer, W, Meyers, T, Miller, SD, Minerbi, S, Moderow, U, Monson, RK, Montagnani, L, Moore, CE, Moors, E, Moreaux, V, Moureaux, C, Munger, JW, Nakai, T, Neirynck, J, Nesic, Z, Nicolini, G, Noormets, A, Northwood, M, Nosetto, M, Nouvellon, Y, Novick, K, Oechel, W, Olesen, JE, Ourcival, J-M, Papuga, SA, Parmentier, F-J, Paul-Limoges, E, Pavelka, M, Peichl, M, Pendall, E, Phillips, RP, Pilegaard, K, Pirk, N, Posse, G, Powell, T, Prasse, H, Prober, SM, Rambal, S, Rannik, Ü, Raz-Yaseef, N, Rebmann, C, Reed, D, de Dios, VR, Restrepo-Coupe, N, Reverter, BR, Roland, M, Sabbatini, S, Sachs, T, Saleska, SR, Sánchez-Cañete, EP, Sanchez-Mejia, ZM, Schmid, HP, Schmidt, M, Schneider, K, Schrader, F, Schroder, I, Scott, RL, Sedlák, P, Serrano-Ortíz, P, Shao, C, Shi, P, Shironya, I, Siebicke, L, Šigut, L, Silberstein, R, Sirca, C, Spano, D, Steinbrecher, R, Stevens, RM, Sturtevant, C, Suyker, A, Tagesson, T, Takanashi, S, Tang, Y, Tapper, N, Thom, J, Tomassucci, M, Tuovinen, J-P, Urbanski, S, Valentini, R, van der Molen, M, van Gorsel, E, van Huissteden, K, Varlagin, A, Verfaillie, J, Vesala, T, Vincke, C, Vitale, D, Vygodskaya, N, Walker, JP, Walter-Shea, E, Wang, H, Weber, R, Westermann, S, Wille, C, Wofsy, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Woodgate, W, Zampedri, R, Zhang, J, Zhou, G, Zona, D, Agarwal, D, Biraud, S, Torn, M, and Papale, D

Abstract

The following authors were omitted from the original version of this Data Descriptor: Markus Reichstein and Nicolas Vuichard. Both contributed to the code development and N. Vuichard contributed to the processing of the ERA-Interim data downscaling. Furthermore, the contribution of the co-author Frank Tiedemann was re-evaluated relative to the colleague Corinna Rebmann, both working at the same sites, and based on this re-evaluation a substitution in the co-author list is implemented (with Rebmann replacing Tiedemann). Finally, two affiliations were listed incorrectly and are corrected here (entries 190 and 193). The author list and affiliations have been amended to address these omissions in both the HTML and PDF versions.

Published
2021

12. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Pastorello, G, Trotta, C, Canfora, E, Chu, H, Christianson, D, Cheah, Y-W, Poindexter, C, Chen, J, Elbashandy, A, Humphrey, M, Isaac, P, Polidori, D, Ribeca, A, van Ingen, C, Zhang, L, Amiro, B, Ammann, C, Arain, MA, Ardo, J, Arkebauer, T, Arndt, SK, Arriga, N, Aubinet, M, Aurela, M, Baldocchi, D, Barr, A, Beamesderfer, E, Marchesini, LB, Bergeron, O, Beringer, J, Bernhofer, C, Berveiller, D, Billesbach, D, Black, TA, Blanken, PD, Bohrer, G, Boike, J, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bonnefond, J-M, Bowling, DR, Bracho, R, Brodeur, J, Bruemmer, C, Buchmann, N, Burban, B, Burns, SP, Buysse, P, Cale, P, Cavagna, M, Cellier, P, Chen, S, Chini, I, Christensen, TR, Cleverly, J, Collalti, A, Consalvo, C, Cook, BD, Cook, D, Coursolle, C, Cremonese, E, Curtis, PS, D'Andrea, E, da Rocha, H, Dai, X, Davis, KJ, De Cinti, B, de Grandcourt, A, De Ligne, A, De Oliveira, RC, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Di Bella, CM, di Tommasi, P, Dolman, H, Domingo, F, Dong, G, Dore, S, Duce, P, Dufrene, E, Dunn, A, Dusek, J, Eamus, D, Eichelmann, U, ElKhidir, HAM, Eugster, W, Ewenz, CM, Ewers, B, Famulari, D, Fares, S, Feigenwinter, I, Feitz, A, Fensholt, R, Filippa, G, Fischer, M, Frank, J, Galvagno, M, Gharun, M, Gianelle, D, Gielen, B, Gioli, B, Gitelson, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Goldstein, AH, Gough, CM, Goulden, ML, Graf, A, Griebel, A, Gruening, C, Gruenwald, T, Hammerle, A, Han, S, Han, X, Hansen, BU, Hanson, C, Hatakka, J, He, Y, Hehn, M, Heinesch, B, Hinko-Najera, N, Hoertnagl, L, Hutley, L, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Jackowicz-Korczynski, M, Janous, D, Jans, W, Jassal, R, Jiang, S, Kato, T, Khomik, M, Klatt, J, Knohl, A, Knox, S, Kobayashi, H, Koerber, G, Kolle, O, Kosugi, Y, Kotani, A, Kowalski, A, Kruijt, B, Kurbatova, J, Kutsch, WL, Kwon, H, Launiainen, S, Laurila, T, Law, B, Leuning, R, Li, Y, Liddell, M, Limousin, J-M, Lion, M, Liska, AJ, Lohila, A, Lopez-Ballesteros, A, Lopez-Blanco, E, Loubet, B, Loustau, D, Lucas-Moffat, A, Lueers, J, Ma, S, Macfarlane, C, Magliulo, V, Maier, R, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Marcolla, B, Margolis, HA, Marras, S, Massman, W, Mastepanov, M, Matamala, R, Matthes, JH, Mazzenga, F, McCaughey, H, McHugh, I, McMillan, AMS, Merbold, L, Meyer, W, Meyers, T, Miller, SD, Minerbi, S, Moderow, U, Monson, RK, Montagnani, L, Moore, CE, Moors, E, Moreaux, V, Moureaux, C, Munger, JW, Nakai, T, Neirynck, J, Nesic, Z, Nicolini, G, Noormets, A, Northwood, M, Nosetto, M, Nouvellon, Y, Novick, K, Oechel, W, Olesen, JE, Ourcival, J-M, Papuga, SA, Parmentier, F-J, Paul-Limoges, E, Pavelka, M, Peichl, M, Pendall, E, Phillips, RP, Pilegaard, K, Pirk, N, Posse, G, Powell, T, Prasse, H, Prober, SM, Rambal, S, Rannik, U, Raz-Yaseef, N, Reed, D, de Dios, VR, Restrepo-Coupe, N, Reverter, BR, Roland, M, Sabbatini, S, Sachs, T, Saleska, SR, Sanchez-Canete, EP, Sanchez-Mejia, ZM, Schmid, HP, Schmidt, M, Schneider, K, Schrader, F, Schroder, I, Scott, RL, Sedlak, P, Serrano-Ortiz, P, Shao, C, Shi, P, Shironya, I, Siebicke, L, Sigut, L, Silberstein, R, Sirca, C, Spano, D, Steinbrecher, R, Stevens, RM, Sturtevant, C, Suyker, A, Tagesson, T, Takanashi, S, Tang, Y, Tapper, N, Thom, J, Tiedemann, F, Tomassucci, M, Tuovinen, J-P, Urbanski, S, Valentini, R, van der Molen, M, van Gorsel, E, van Huissteden, K, Varlagin, A, Verfaillie, J, Vesala, T, Vincke, C, Vitale, D, Vygodskaya, N, Walker, JP, Walter-Shea, E, Wang, H, Weber, R, Westermann, S, Wille, C, Wofsy, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Woodgate, W, Zampedri, R, Zhang, J, Zhou, G, Zona, D, Agarwal, D, Biraud, S, Torn, M, Papale, D, Pastorello, G, Trotta, C, Canfora, E, Chu, H, Christianson, D, Cheah, Y-W, Poindexter, C, Chen, J, Elbashandy, A, Humphrey, M, Isaac, P, Polidori, D, Ribeca, A, van Ingen, C, Zhang, L, Amiro, B, Ammann, C, Arain, MA, Ardo, J, Arkebauer, T, Arndt, SK, Arriga, N, Aubinet, M, Aurela, M, Baldocchi, D, Barr, A, Beamesderfer, E, Marchesini, LB, Bergeron, O, Beringer, J, Bernhofer, C, Berveiller, D, Billesbach, D, Black, TA, Blanken, PD, Bohrer, G, Boike, J, Bolstad, PV, Bonal, D, Bonnefond, J-M, Bowling, DR, Bracho, R, Brodeur, J, Bruemmer, C, Buchmann, N, Burban, B, Burns, SP, Buysse, P, Cale, P, Cavagna, M, Cellier, P, Chen, S, Chini, I, Christensen, TR, Cleverly, J, Collalti, A, Consalvo, C, Cook, BD, Cook, D, Coursolle, C, Cremonese, E, Curtis, PS, D'Andrea, E, da Rocha, H, Dai, X, Davis, KJ, De Cinti, B, de Grandcourt, A, De Ligne, A, De Oliveira, RC, Delpierre, N, Desai, AR, Di Bella, CM, di Tommasi, P, Dolman, H, Domingo, F, Dong, G, Dore, S, Duce, P, Dufrene, E, Dunn, A, Dusek, J, Eamus, D, Eichelmann, U, ElKhidir, HAM, Eugster, W, Ewenz, CM, Ewers, B, Famulari, D, Fares, S, Feigenwinter, I, Feitz, A, Fensholt, R, Filippa, G, Fischer, M, Frank, J, Galvagno, M, Gharun, M, Gianelle, D, Gielen, B, Gioli, B, Gitelson, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Goldstein, AH, Gough, CM, Goulden, ML, Graf, A, Griebel, A, Gruening, C, Gruenwald, T, Hammerle, A, Han, S, Han, X, Hansen, BU, Hanson, C, Hatakka, J, He, Y, Hehn, M, Heinesch, B, Hinko-Najera, N, Hoertnagl, L, Hutley, L, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Jackowicz-Korczynski, M, Janous, D, Jans, W, Jassal, R, Jiang, S, Kato, T, Khomik, M, Klatt, J, Knohl, A, Knox, S, Kobayashi, H, Koerber, G, Kolle, O, Kosugi, Y, Kotani, A, Kowalski, A, Kruijt, B, Kurbatova, J, Kutsch, WL, Kwon, H, Launiainen, S, Laurila, T, Law, B, Leuning, R, Li, Y, Liddell, M, Limousin, J-M, Lion, M, Liska, AJ, Lohila, A, Lopez-Ballesteros, A, Lopez-Blanco, E, Loubet, B, Loustau, D, Lucas-Moffat, A, Lueers, J, Ma, S, Macfarlane, C, Magliulo, V, Maier, R, Mammarella, I, Manca, G, Marcolla, B, Margolis, HA, Marras, S, Massman, W, Mastepanov, M, Matamala, R, Matthes, JH, Mazzenga, F, McCaughey, H, McHugh, I, McMillan, AMS, Merbold, L, Meyer, W, Meyers, T, Miller, SD, Minerbi, S, Moderow, U, Monson, RK, Montagnani, L, Moore, CE, Moors, E, Moreaux, V, Moureaux, C, Munger, JW, Nakai, T, Neirynck, J, Nesic, Z, Nicolini, G, Noormets, A, Northwood, M, Nosetto, M, Nouvellon, Y, Novick, K, Oechel, W, Olesen, JE, Ourcival, J-M, Papuga, SA, Parmentier, F-J, Paul-Limoges, E, Pavelka, M, Peichl, M, Pendall, E, Phillips, RP, Pilegaard, K, Pirk, N, Posse, G, Powell, T, Prasse, H, Prober, SM, Rambal, S, Rannik, U, Raz-Yaseef, N, Reed, D, de Dios, VR, Restrepo-Coupe, N, Reverter, BR, Roland, M, Sabbatini, S, Sachs, T, Saleska, SR, Sanchez-Canete, EP, Sanchez-Mejia, ZM, Schmid, HP, Schmidt, M, Schneider, K, Schrader, F, Schroder, I, Scott, RL, Sedlak, P, Serrano-Ortiz, P, Shao, C, Shi, P, Shironya, I, Siebicke, L, Sigut, L, Silberstein, R, Sirca, C, Spano, D, Steinbrecher, R, Stevens, RM, Sturtevant, C, Suyker, A, Tagesson, T, Takanashi, S, Tang, Y, Tapper, N, Thom, J, Tiedemann, F, Tomassucci, M, Tuovinen, J-P, Urbanski, S, Valentini, R, van der Molen, M, van Gorsel, E, van Huissteden, K, Varlagin, A, Verfaillie, J, Vesala, T, Vincke, C, Vitale, D, Vygodskaya, N, Walker, JP, Walter-Shea, E, Wang, H, Weber, R, Westermann, S, Wille, C, Wofsy, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Woodgate, W, Zampedri, R, Zhang, J, Zhou, G, Zona, D, Agarwal, D, Biraud, S, Torn, M, and Papale, D

Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

Published
2020

13. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Pastorello, G. (Gilberto), Trotta, C. (Carlo), Canfora, E. (Eleonora), Chu, H. (Housen), Christianson, D. (Danielle), Cheah, Y.-W. (You-Wei), Poindexter, C. (Cristina), Chen, J. (Jiquan), Elbashandy, A. (Abdelrahman), Humphrey, M. (Marty), Isaac, P. (Peter), Polidori, D. (Diego), Ribeca, A. (Alessio), van Ingen, C. (Catharine), Zhang, L. (Leiming), Amiro, B. (Brian), Ammann, C. (Christof), Arain, M. A. (M. Altaf), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arkebauer, T. (Timothy), Arndt, S. K. (Stefan K.), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Aubinet, M. (Marc), Aurela, M. (Mika), Baldocchi, D. (Dennis), Barr, A. (Alan), Beamesderfer, E. (Eric), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bergeron, O. (Onil), Beringer, J. (Jason), Bernhofer, C. (Christian), Berveiller, D. (Daniel), Billesbach, D. (Dave), Black, T. A. (Thomas Andrew), Blanken, P. D. (Peter D.), Bohrer, G. (Gil), Boike, J. (Julia), Bolstad, P. V. (Paul V.), Bonal, D. (Damien), Bonnefond, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Bowling, D. R. (David R.), Bracho, R. (Rosvel), Brodeur, J. (Jason), Bruemmer, C. (Christian), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Burban, B. (Benoit), Burns, S. P. (Sean P.), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Cale, P. (Peter), Cavagna, M. (Mauro), Cellier, P. (Pierre), Chen, S. (Shiping), Chini, I. (Isaac), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Cleverly, J. (James), Collalti, A. (Alessio), Consalvo, C. (Claudia), Cook, B. D. (Bruce D.), Cook, D. (David), Coursolle, C. (Carole), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curtis, P. S. (Peter S.), D'Andrea, E. (Ettore), da Rocha, H. (Humberto), Dai, X. (Xiaoqin), Davis, K. J. (Kenneth J.), De Cinti, B. (Bruno), de Grandcourt, A. (Agnes), De Ligne, A. (Anne), De Oliveira, R. C. (Raimundo C.), Delpierre, N. (Nicolas), Desai, A. R. (Ankur R.), Di Bella, C. M. (Carlos Marcelo), di Tommasi, P. (Paul), Dolman, H. (Han), Domingo, F. (Francisco), Dong, G. (Gang), Dore, S. (Sabina), Duce, P. (Pierpaolo), Dufrene, E. (Eric), Dunn, A. (Allison), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eamus, D. (Derek), Eichelmann, U. (Uwe), ElKhidir, H. A. (Hatim Abdalla M.), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewenz, C. M. (Cacilia M.), Ewers, B. (Brent), Famulari, D. (Daniela), Fares, S. (Silvano), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Feitz, A. (Andrew), Fensholt, R. (Rasmus), Filippa, G. (Gianluca), Fischer, M. (Marc), Frank, J. (John), Galvagno, M. (Marta), Gharun, M. (Mana), Gianelle, D. (Damiano), Gielen, B. (Bert), Gioli, B. (Beniamino), Gitelson, A. (Anatoly), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Goldstein, A. H. (Allen H.), Gough, C. M. (Christopher M.), Goulden, M. L. (Michael L.), Graf, A. (Alexander), Griebel, A. (Anne), Gruening, C. (Carsten), Gruenwald, T. (Thomas), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Han, S. (Shijie), Han, X. (Xingguo), Hansen, B. U. (Birger Ulf), Hanson, C. (Chad), Hatakka, J. (Juha), He, Y. (Yongtao), Hehn, M. (Markus), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Hinko-Najera, N. (Nina), Hoertnagl, L. (Lukas), Hutley, L. (Lindsay), Ibrom, A. (Andreas), Ikawa, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. (Marcin), Janous, D. (Dalibor), Jans, W. (Wilma), Jassal, R. (Rachhpal), Jiang, S. (Shicheng), Kato, T. (Tomomichi), Khomik, M. (Myroslava), Klatt, J. (Janina), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Knox, S. (Sara), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Koerber, G. (Georgia), Kolle, O. (Olaf), Kosugi, Y. (Yoshiko), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kowalski, A. (Andrew), Kruijt, B. (Bart), Kurbatova, J. (Julia), Kutsch, W. L. (Werner L.), Kwon, H. (Hyojung), Launiainen, S. (Samuli), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Law, B. (Bev), Leuning, R. (Ray), Li, Y. (Yingnian), Liddell, M. (Michael), Limousin, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Lion, M. (Marryanna), Liska, A. J. (Adam J.), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lopez-Ballesteros, A. (Ana), Lopez-Blanco, E. (Efren), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Loustau, D. (Denis), Lucas-Moffat, A. (Antje), Lueers, J. (Johannes), Ma, S. (Siyan), Macfarlane, C. (Craig), Magliulo, V. (Vincenzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Marcolla, B. (Barbara), Margolis, H. A. (Hank A.), Marras, S. (Serena), Massman, W. (William), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Matamala, R. (Roser), Matthes, J. H. (Jaclyn Hatala), Mazzenga, F. (Francesco), McCaughey, H. (Harry), McHugh, I. (Ian), McMillan, A. M. (Andrew M. S.), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Meyer, W. (Wayne), Meyers, T. (Tilden), Miller, S. D. (Scott D.), Minerbi, S. (Stefano), Moderow, U. (Uta), Monson, R. K. (Russell K.), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moore, C. E. (Caitlin E.), Moors, E. (Eddy), Moreaux, V. (Virginie), Moureaux, C. (Christine), Munger, J. W. (J. William), Nakai, T. (Taro), Neirynck, J. (Johan), Nesic, Z. (Zoran), Nicolini, G. (Giacomo), Noormets, A. (Asko), Northwood, M. (Matthew), Nosetto, M. (Marcelo), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Novick, K. (Kimberly), Oechel, W. (Walter), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Ourcival, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Papuga, S. A. (Shirley A.), Parmentier, F.-J. (Frans-Jan), Paul-Limoges, E. (Eugenie), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pendall, E. (Elise), Phillips, R. P. (Richard P.), Pilegaard, K. (Kim), Pirk, N. (Norbert), Posse, G. (Gabriela), Powell, T. (Thomas), Prasse, H. (Heiko), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Rambal, S. (Serge), Rannik, U. (Ullar), Raz-Yaseef, N. (Naama), Reed, D. (David), de Dios, V. R. (Victor Resco), Restrepo-Coupe, N. (Natalia), Reverter, B. R. (Borja R.), Roland, M. (Marilyn), Sabbatini, S. (Simone), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Saleska, S. R. (Scott R.), Sanchez-Canete, E. P. (Enrique P.), Sanchez-Mejia, Z. M. (Zulia M.), Schmid, H. P. (Hans Peter), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Schneider, K. (Karl), Schrader, F. (Frederik), Schroder, I. (Ivan), Scott, R. L. (Russell L.), Sedlak, P. (Pavel), Serrano-Ortiz, P. (Penelope), Shao, C. (Changliang), Shi, P. (Peili), Shironya, I. (Ivan), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Sigut, L. (Ladislav), Silberstein, R. (Richard), Sirca, C. (Costantino), Spano, D. (Donatella), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Stevens, R. M. (Robert M.), Sturtevant, C. (Cove), Suyker, A. (Andy), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Takanashi, S. (Satoru), Tang, Y. (Yanhong), Tapper, N. (Nigel), Thom, J. (Jonathan), Tiedemann, F. (Frank), Tomassucci, M. (Michele), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Urbanski, S. (Shawn), Valentini, R. (Riccardo), van der Molen, M. (Michiel), van Gorsel, E. (Eva), van Huissteden, K. (Ko), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Verfaillie, J. (Joseph), Vesala, T. (Timo), Vincke, C. (Caroline), Vitale, D. (Domenico), Vygodskaya, N. (Natalia), Walker, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Walter-Shea, E. (Elizabeth), Wang, H. (Huimin), Weber, R. (Robin), Westermann, S. (Sebastian), Wille, C. (Christian), Wofsy, S. (Steven), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Wolf, S. (Sebastian), Woodgate, W. (William), Li, Y. (Yuelin), Zampedri, R. (Roberto), Zhang, J. (Junhui), Zhou, G. (Guoyi), Zona, D. (Donatella), Agarwal, D. (Deb), Biraud, S. (Sebastien), Torn, M. (Margaret), Papale, D. (Dario), Pastorello, G. (Gilberto), Trotta, C. (Carlo), Canfora, E. (Eleonora), Chu, H. (Housen), Christianson, D. (Danielle), Cheah, Y.-W. (You-Wei), Poindexter, C. (Cristina), Chen, J. (Jiquan), Elbashandy, A. (Abdelrahman), Humphrey, M. (Marty), Isaac, P. (Peter), Polidori, D. (Diego), Ribeca, A. (Alessio), van Ingen, C. (Catharine), Zhang, L. (Leiming), Amiro, B. (Brian), Ammann, C. (Christof), Arain, M. A. (M. Altaf), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arkebauer, T. (Timothy), Arndt, S. K. (Stefan K.), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Aubinet, M. (Marc), Aurela, M. (Mika), Baldocchi, D. (Dennis), Barr, A. (Alan), Beamesderfer, E. (Eric), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bergeron, O. (Onil), Beringer, J. (Jason), Bernhofer, C. (Christian), Berveiller, D. (Daniel), Billesbach, D. (Dave), Black, T. A. (Thomas Andrew), Blanken, P. D. (Peter D.), Bohrer, G. (Gil), Boike, J. (Julia), Bolstad, P. V. (Paul V.), Bonal, D. (Damien), Bonnefond, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Bowling, D. R. (David R.), Bracho, R. (Rosvel), Brodeur, J. (Jason), Bruemmer, C. (Christian), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Burban, B. (Benoit), Burns, S. P. (Sean P.), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Cale, P. (Peter), Cavagna, M. (Mauro), Cellier, P. (Pierre), Chen, S. (Shiping), Chini, I. (Isaac), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Cleverly, J. (James), Collalti, A. (Alessio), Consalvo, C. (Claudia), Cook, B. D. (Bruce D.), Cook, D. (David), Coursolle, C. (Carole), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curtis, P. S. (Peter S.), D'Andrea, E. (Ettore), da Rocha, H. (Humberto), Dai, X. (Xiaoqin), Davis, K. J. (Kenneth J.), De Cinti, B. (Bruno), de Grandcourt, A. (Agnes), De Ligne, A. (Anne), De Oliveira, R. C. (Raimundo C.), Delpierre, N. (Nicolas), Desai, A. R. (Ankur R.), Di Bella, C. M. (Carlos Marcelo), di Tommasi, P. (Paul), Dolman, H. (Han), Domingo, F. (Francisco), Dong, G. (Gang), Dore, S. (Sabina), Duce, P. (Pierpaolo), Dufrene, E. (Eric), Dunn, A. (Allison), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eamus, D. (Derek), Eichelmann, U. (Uwe), ElKhidir, H. A. (Hatim Abdalla M.), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewenz, C. M. (Cacilia M.), Ewers, B. (Brent), Famulari, D. (Daniela), Fares, S. (Silvano), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Feitz, A. (Andrew), Fensholt, R. (Rasmus), Filippa, G. (Gianluca), Fischer, M. (Marc), Frank, J. (John), Galvagno, M. (Marta), Gharun, M. (Mana), Gianelle, D. (Damiano), Gielen, B. (Bert), Gioli, B. (Beniamino), Gitelson, A. (Anatoly), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Goldstein, A. H. (Allen H.), Gough, C. M. (Christopher M.), Goulden, M. L. (Michael L.), Graf, A. (Alexander), Griebel, A. (Anne), Gruening, C. (Carsten), Gruenwald, T. (Thomas), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Han, S. (Shijie), Han, X. (Xingguo), Hansen, B. U. (Birger Ulf), Hanson, C. (Chad), Hatakka, J. (Juha), He, Y. (Yongtao), Hehn, M. (Markus), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Hinko-Najera, N. (Nina), Hoertnagl, L. (Lukas), Hutley, L. (Lindsay), Ibrom, A. (Andreas), Ikawa, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. (Marcin), Janous, D. (Dalibor), Jans, W. (Wilma), Jassal, R. (Rachhpal), Jiang, S. (Shicheng), Kato, T. (Tomomichi), Khomik, M. (Myroslava), Klatt, J. (Janina), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Knox, S. (Sara), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Koerber, G. (Georgia), Kolle, O. (Olaf), Kosugi, Y. (Yoshiko), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kowalski, A. (Andrew), Kruijt, B. (Bart), Kurbatova, J. (Julia), Kutsch, W. L. (Werner L.), Kwon, H. (Hyojung), Launiainen, S. (Samuli), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Law, B. (Bev), Leuning, R. (Ray), Li, Y. (Yingnian), Liddell, M. (Michael), Limousin, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Lion, M. (Marryanna), Liska, A. J. (Adam J.), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lopez-Ballesteros, A. (Ana), Lopez-Blanco, E. (Efren), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Loustau, D. (Denis), Lucas-Moffat, A. (Antje), Lueers, J. (Johannes), Ma, S. (Siyan), Macfarlane, C. (Craig), Magliulo, V. (Vincenzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Marcolla, B. (Barbara), Margolis, H. A. (Hank A.), Marras, S. (Serena), Massman, W. (William), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Matamala, R. (Roser), Matthes, J. H. (Jaclyn Hatala), Mazzenga, F. (Francesco), McCaughey, H. (Harry), McHugh, I. (Ian), McMillan, A. M. (Andrew M. S.), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Meyer, W. (Wayne), Meyers, T. (Tilden), Miller, S. D. (Scott D.), Minerbi, S. (Stefano), Moderow, U. (Uta), Monson, R. K. (Russell K.), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moore, C. E. (Caitlin E.), Moors, E. (Eddy), Moreaux, V. (Virginie), Moureaux, C. (Christine), Munger, J. W. (J. William), Nakai, T. (Taro), Neirynck, J. (Johan), Nesic, Z. (Zoran), Nicolini, G. (Giacomo), Noormets, A. (Asko), Northwood, M. (Matthew), Nosetto, M. (Marcelo), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Novick, K. (Kimberly), Oechel, W. (Walter), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Ourcival, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Papuga, S. A. (Shirley A.), Parmentier, F.-J. (Frans-Jan), Paul-Limoges, E. (Eugenie), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pendall, E. (Elise), Phillips, R. P. (Richard P.), Pilegaard, K. (Kim), Pirk, N. (Norbert), Posse, G. (Gabriela), Powell, T. (Thomas), Prasse, H. (Heiko), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Rambal, S. (Serge), Rannik, U. (Ullar), Raz-Yaseef, N. (Naama), Reed, D. (David), de Dios, V. R. (Victor Resco), Restrepo-Coupe, N. (Natalia), Reverter, B. R. (Borja R.), Roland, M. (Marilyn), Sabbatini, S. (Simone), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Saleska, S. R. (Scott R.), Sanchez-Canete, E. P. (Enrique P.), Sanchez-Mejia, Z. M. (Zulia M.), Schmid, H. P. (Hans Peter), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Schneider, K. (Karl), Schrader, F. (Frederik), Schroder, I. (Ivan), Scott, R. L. (Russell L.), Sedlak, P. (Pavel), Serrano-Ortiz, P. (Penelope), Shao, C. (Changliang), Shi, P. (Peili), Shironya, I. (Ivan), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Sigut, L. (Ladislav), Silberstein, R. (Richard), Sirca, C. (Costantino), Spano, D. (Donatella), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Stevens, R. M. (Robert M.), Sturtevant, C. (Cove), Suyker, A. (Andy), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Takanashi, S. (Satoru), Tang, Y. (Yanhong), Tapper, N. (Nigel), Thom, J. (Jonathan), Tiedemann, F. (Frank), Tomassucci, M. (Michele), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Urbanski, S. (Shawn), Valentini, R. (Riccardo), van der Molen, M. (Michiel), van Gorsel, E. (Eva), van Huissteden, K. (Ko), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Verfaillie, J. (Joseph), Vesala, T. (Timo), Vincke, C. (Caroline), Vitale, D. (Domenico), Vygodskaya, N. (Natalia), Walker, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Walter-Shea, E. (Elizabeth), Wang, H. (Huimin), Weber, R. (Robin), Westermann, S. (Sebastian), Wille, C. (Christian), Wofsy, S. (Steven), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Wolf, S. (Sebastian), Woodgate, W. (William), Li, Y. (Yuelin), Zampedri, R. (Roberto), Zhang, J. (Junhui), Zhou, G. (Guoyi), Zona, D. (Donatella), Agarwal, D. (Deb), Biraud, S. (Sebastien), Torn, M. (Margaret), and Papale, D. (Dario)

Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

Published
2020

14. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data.

Author

Pastorello G, Trotta C, Canfora E, Chu H, Christianson D, Cheah Y-W, Poindexter C, Chen J, Elbashandy A, Humphrey M, Isaac P, Polidori D, Ribeca A, van Ingen C, Zhang L, Amiro B, Ammann C, Arain MA, Ardö J, Arkebauer T, Arndt SK, Arriga N, Aubinet M, Aurela M, Baldocchi D, Barr A, Beamesderfer E, Marchesini LB, Bergeron O, Beringer J, Bernhofer C, Berveiller D, Billesbach D, Black TA, Blanken PD, Bohrer G, Boike J, Bolstad PV, Bonal D, Bonnefond J-M, Bowling DR, Bracho R, Brodeur J, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Burban B, Burns SP, Buysse P, Cale P, Cavagna M, Cellier P, Chen S, Chini I, Christensen TR, Cleverly J, Collalti A, Consalvo C, Cook BD, Cook D, Coursolle C, Cremonese E, Curtis PS, D'Andrea E, da Rocha H, Dai X, Davis KJ, De Cinti B, de Grandcourt A, De Ligne A, De Oliveira RC, Delpierre N, Desai AR, Di Bella CM, di Tommasi P, Dolman H, Domingo F, Dong G, Dore S, Duce P, Dufrêne E, Dunn A, Dušek J, Eamus D, Eichelmann U, ElKhidir HAM, Eugster W, Ewenz CM, Ewers B, Famulari D, Fares S, Feigenwinter I, Feitz A, Fensholt R, Filippa G, Fischer M, Frank J, Galvagno M, Gharun M, Gianelle D, Gielen B, Gioli B, Gitelson A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Goldstein AH, Gough CM, Goulden ML, Graf A, Griebel A, Gruening C, Grünwald T, Hammerle A, Han S, Han X, Hansen BU, Hanson C, Hatakka J, He Y, Hehn M, Heinesch B, Hinko-Najera N, Hörtnagl L, Hutley L, Ibrom A, Ikawa H, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Janouš D, Jans W, Jassal R, Jiang S, Kato T, Khomik M, Klatt J, Knohl A, Knox S, Kobayashi H, Koerber G, Kolle O, Kosugi Y, Kotani A, Kowalski A, Kruijt B, Kurbatova J, Kutsch WL, Kwon H, Launiainen S, Laurila T, Law B, Leuning R, Li Y, Liddell M, Limousin J-M, Lion M, Liska AJ, Lohila A, López-Ballesteros A, López-Blanco E, Loubet B, Loustau D, Lucas-Moffat A, Lüers J, Ma S, Macfarlane C, Magliulo V, Maier R, Mammarella I, Manca G, Marcolla B, Margolis HA, Marras S, Massman W, Mastepanov M, Matamala R, Matthes JH, Mazzenga F, McCaughey H, McHugh I, McMillan AMS, Merbold L, Meyer W, Meyers T, Miller SD, Minerbi S, Moderow U, Monson RK, Montagnani L, Moore CE, Moors E, Moreaux V, Moureaux C, Munger JW, Nakai T, Neirynck J, Nesic Z, Nicolini G, Noormets A, Northwood M, Nosetto M, Nouvellon Y, Novick K, Oechel W, Olesen JE, Ourcival J-M, Papuga SA, Parmentier F-J, Paul-Limoges E, Pavelka M, Peichl M, Pendall E, Phillips RP, Pilegaard K, Pirk N, Posse G, Powell T, Prasse H, Prober SM, Rambal S, Rannik Ü, Raz-Yaseef N, Reed D, de Dios VR, Restrepo-Coupe N, Reverter BR, Roland M, Sabbatini S, Sachs T, Saleska SR, Sánchez-Cañete EP, Sanchez-Mejia ZM, Schmid HP, Schmidt M, Schneider K, Schrader F, Schroder I, Scott RL, Sedlák P, Serrano-Ortíz P, Shao C, Shi P, Shironya I, Siebicke L, Šigut L, Silberstein R, Sirca C, Spano D, Steinbrecher R, Stevens RM, Sturtevant C, Suyker A, Tagesson T, Takanashi S, Tang Y, Tapper N, Thom J, Tiedemann F, Tomassucci M, Tuovinen J-P, Urbanski S, Valentini R, van der Molen M, van Gorsel E, van Huissteden K, Varlagin A, Verfaillie J, Vesala T, Vincke C, Vitale D, Vygodskaya N, Walker JP, Walter-Shea E, Wang H, Weber R, Westermann S, Wille C, Wofsy S, Wohlfahrt G, Wolf S, Woodgate W, Zampedri R, Zhang J, Zhou G, Zona D, Agarwal D, Biraud S, Torn M, Papale D, Pastorello G, Trotta C, Canfora E, Chu H, Christianson D, Cheah Y-W, Poindexter C, Chen J, Elbashandy A, Humphrey M, Isaac P, Polidori D, Ribeca A, van Ingen C, Zhang L, Amiro B, Ammann C, Arain MA, Ardö J, Arkebauer T, Arndt SK, Arriga N, Aubinet M, Aurela M, Baldocchi D, Barr A, Beamesderfer E, Marchesini LB, Bergeron O, Beringer J, Bernhofer C, Berveiller D, Billesbach D, Black TA, Blanken PD, Bohrer G, Boike J, Bolstad PV, Bonal D, Bonnefond J-M, Bowling DR, Bracho R, Brodeur J, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Burban B, Burns SP, Buysse P, Cale P, Cavagna M, Cellier P, Chen S, Chini I, Christensen TR, Cleverly J, Collalti A, Consalvo C, Cook BD, Cook D, Coursolle C, Cremonese E, Curtis PS, D'Andrea E, da Rocha H, Dai X, Davis KJ, De Cinti B, de Grandcourt A, De Ligne A, De Oliveira RC, Delpierre N, Desai AR, Di Bella CM, di Tommasi P, Dolman H, Domingo F, Dong G, Dore S, Duce P, Dufrêne E, Dunn A, Dušek J, Eamus D, Eichelmann U, ElKhidir HAM, Eugster W, Ewenz CM, Ewers B, Famulari D, Fares S, Feigenwinter I, Feitz A, Fensholt R, Filippa G, Fischer M, Frank J, Galvagno M, Gharun M, Gianelle D, Gielen B, Gioli B, Gitelson A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Goldstein AH, Gough CM, Goulden ML, Graf A, Griebel A, Gruening C, Grünwald T, Hammerle A, Han S, Han X, Hansen BU, Hanson C, Hatakka J, He Y, Hehn M, Heinesch B, Hinko-Najera N, Hörtnagl L, Hutley L, Ibrom A, Ikawa H, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Janouš D, Jans W, Jassal R, Jiang S, Kato T, Khomik M, Klatt J, Knohl A, Knox S, Kobayashi H, Koerber G, Kolle O, Kosugi Y, Kotani A, Kowalski A, Kruijt B, Kurbatova J, Kutsch WL, Kwon H, Launiainen S, Laurila T, Law B, Leuning R, Li Y, Liddell M, Limousin J-M, Lion M, Liska AJ, Lohila A, López-Ballesteros A, López-Blanco E, Loubet B, Loustau D, Lucas-Moffat A, Lüers J, Ma S, Macfarlane C, Magliulo V, Maier R, Mammarella I, Manca G, Marcolla B, Margolis HA, Marras S, Massman W, Mastepanov M, Matamala R, Matthes JH, Mazzenga F, McCaughey H, McHugh I, McMillan AMS, Merbold L, Meyer W, Meyers T, Miller SD, Minerbi S, Moderow U, Monson RK, Montagnani L, Moore CE, Moors E, Moreaux V, Moureaux C, Munger JW, Nakai T, Neirynck J, Nesic Z, Nicolini G, Noormets A, Northwood M, Nosetto M, Nouvellon Y, Novick K, Oechel W, Olesen JE, Ourcival J-M, Papuga SA, Parmentier F-J, Paul-Limoges E, Pavelka M, Peichl M, Pendall E, Phillips RP, Pilegaard K, Pirk N, Posse G, Powell T, Prasse H, Prober SM, Rambal S, Rannik Ü, Raz-Yaseef N, Reed D, de Dios VR, Restrepo-Coupe N, Reverter BR, Roland M, Sabbatini S, Sachs T, Saleska SR, Sánchez-Cañete EP, Sanchez-Mejia ZM, Schmid HP, Schmidt M, Schneider K, Schrader F, Schroder I, Scott RL, Sedlák P, Serrano-Ortíz P, Shao C, Shi P, Shironya I, Siebicke L, Šigut L, Silberstein R, Sirca C, Spano D, Steinbrecher R, Stevens RM, Sturtevant C, Suyker A, Tagesson T, Takanashi S, Tang Y, Tapper N, Thom J, Tiedemann F, Tomassucci M, Tuovinen J-P, Urbanski S, Valentini R, van der Molen M, van Gorsel E, van Huissteden K, Varlagin A, Verfaillie J, Vesala T, Vincke C, Vitale D, Vygodskaya N, Walker JP, Walter-Shea E, Wang H, Weber R, Westermann S, Wille C, Wofsy S, Wohlfahrt G, Wolf S, Woodgate W, Zampedri R, Zhang J, Zhou G, Zona D, Agarwal D, Biraud S, Torn M, and Papale D

Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

Published
2020

20. Energy-Water Nexus: Renewable-Integrated Hybridized Desalination Systems

Author

Rabiee, H, Khalilpour, KR, Betts, JM, Tapper, N, Rabiee, H, Khalilpour, KR, Betts, JM, and Tapper, N

Abstract

Increased water scarcity across increasing world populations has led to a greater demand for desalination. However, the energy intensity and subsequent high costs of desalination remain the main barrier for widespread deployment of desalination systems. Add to this, the sustainability concerns of fossil fuel energy sources. This challenge has led to focused international research on the energy-water nexus. In recent years, several types of renewable energy have been integrated with a variety of desalination processes. Various large-capacity, renewable-desalination (RE-desalination) plants have been built across the world, especially in Middle Eastern countries, where water is relatively scarce and renewable resources are abundant and accessible. In addition, the reduction in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels by almost 80% over the last decade has contributed to their greater economy and wide deployment worldwide. For remote areas, it is now reasonable to consider offgrid, small-capacity RE-desalination systems, since in these regions transportation of fuel or water and connection to the grid are prohibitively expensive or impractical. Various renewable energies—such as solar, wind, and geothermal—can be coupled with many desalination methods, based on the availability of these resources in different locations, and also on other factors such as reliability required or the capital cost of establishment. This chapter reviews these various methods of desalination and configurations of RE-desalination systems currently in use, or under development. In addition, the issues relating to grid connectivity of RE-desalination systems and the economy of grid connection versus complete or partial energy independence are explained.

Published
2019

22. Development of the VTUF-3D v1.0 urban micro-climate model to support assessment of urban vegetation influences on human thermal comfort

Author

Nice, K, Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Nice, K, Coutts, A, and Tapper, N

Abstract

With urban areas facing longer duration heat-waves and temperature extremes from climate change and growing urban development, adaptation strategies are needed to protect city residents. Examining the role that increased tree cover and water availability can have on human thermal comfort (HTC) is needed to help guide the development of thermally comfortable cities. To inform planning, modelling tools are needed that provide sufficient resolution to resolve urban influences on HTC and the ability to model important physiological processes of vegetation. To achieve this, a new micro-scale model, VTUF-3D (Vegetated Temperatures of Urban Facets) has been developed. In it, offline modelling of individual items of vegetation is performed using the MAESPA process-based tree model (Duursma and Medlyn, 2012) (a model that can model individual trees, vegetation, and soil components), and integrated into the TUF-3D (Krayenhoff and Voogt, 2007) urban micro-climate surface energy balance (SEB) model. This innovative approach allows the new model to account for important vegetative physiological processes and shading effects, using configurable templates to allow representation of any type of vegetation or water sensitive design feature. This work enables detailed calculations of surface temperatures (Tsfc), mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), and a HTC index, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), across urban canyons. This study presents an overview of VTUF-3D. Also presented are two evaluations of VTUF-3D. The first evaluation compares modelled surface energy balance fluxes to observations in Preston, Australia (Coutts et al., 2007). The second evaluation compares spatial and temporal predictions of Tmrt and UTCI to two observed street canyons in the City of Melbourne (Coutts et al., 2015b). The VTUF-3D model is shown to perform well and is suitable for use to examine critical questions relating to the role of vegetation and water in the urban environment in support of HTC.

Published
2018

23. Sustainable urban systems: Co-design and framing for transformation

Author

Webb, R, Bai, X, Smith, MS, Costanza, R, Griggs, D, Moglia, M, Neuman, M, Newman, P, Newton, P, Norman, B, Ryan, C, Schandl, H, Steffen, W, Tapper, N, Thomson, G, Webb, R, Bai, X, Smith, MS, Costanza, R, Griggs, D, Moglia, M, Neuman, M, Newman, P, Newton, P, Norman, B, Ryan, C, Schandl, H, Steffen, W, Tapper, N, and Thomson, G

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation generates risks and opportunities for sustainable development. Urban policy and decision makers are challenged by the complexity of cities as social-ecological-technical systems. Consequently there is an increasing need for collaborative knowledge development that supports a whole-of-system view, and transformational change at multiple scales. Such holistic urban approaches are rare in practice. A co-design process involving researchers, practitioners and other stakeholders, has progressed such an approach in the Australian context, aiming to also contribute to international knowledge development and sharing. This process has generated three outputs: (1) a shared framework to support more systematic knowledge development and use, (2) identification of barriers that create a gap between stated urban goals and actual practice, and (3) identification of strategic focal areas to address this gap. Developing integrated strategies at broader urban scales is seen as the most pressing need. The knowledge framework adopts a systems perspective that incorporates the many urban trade-offs and synergies revealed by a systems view. Broader implications are drawn for policy and decision makers, for researchers and for a shared forward agenda.

Published
2018

26. Sustainable urban systems: Co-design and framing for transformation

Author

Webb, R., Bai, X., Smith, M., Costanza, R., Griggs, D., Moglia, M., Neuman, M., Newman, Peter, Newton, P., Norman, B., Ryan, C., Schandl, H., Steffen, W., Tapper, N., Thomson, G., Webb, R., Bai, X., Smith, M., Costanza, R., Griggs, D., Moglia, M., Neuman, M., Newman, Peter, Newton, P., Norman, B., Ryan, C., Schandl, H., Steffen, W., Tapper, N., and Thomson, G.

Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s) Rapid urbanisation generates risks and opportunities for sustainable development. Urban policy and decision makers are challenged by the complexity of cities as social–ecological–technical systems. Consequently there is an increasing need for collaborative knowledge development that supports a whole-of-system view, and transformational change at multiple scales. Such holistic urban approaches are rare in practice. A co-design process involving researchers, practitioners and other stakeholders, has progressed such an approach in the Australian context, aiming to also contribute to international knowledge development and sharing. This process has generated three outputs: (1) a shared framework to support more systematic knowledge development and use, (2) identification of barriers that create a gap between stated urban goals and actual practice, and (3) identification of strategic focal areas to address this gap. Developing integrated strategies at broader urban scales is seen as the most pressing need. The knowledge framework adopts a systems perspective that incorporates the many urban trade-offs and synergies revealed by a systems view. Broader implications are drawn for policy and decision makers, for researchers and for a shared forward agenda.

Published
2017

29. Weekly cycles of global fires-Associations with religion, wealth and culture, and insights into anthropogenic influences on global climate

Author

Earl, N, Simmonds, I, Tapper, N, Earl, N, Simmonds, I, and Tapper, N

Abstract

One approach to quantifying anthropogenic influences on the environment and the consequences of those is to examine weekly cycles (WCs). No long‐term natural process occurs on a WC so any such signal can be considered anthropogenic. There is much ongoing scientific debate as to whether regional‐scale WCs exist above the statistical noise level, with most significant studies claiming that anthropogenic aerosols and their interaction with solar radiation and clouds (direct/indirect effect) is the controlling factor. A major source of anthropogenic aerosol, underrepresented in the literature, is active fire (AF) from anthropogenic burning for land clearance/management. WCs in AF have not been analyzed heretofore, and these can provide a mechanism for observed regional‐scale WCs in several meteorological variables. We show that WCs in AFs are highly pronounced for many parts of the world, strongly influenced by the working week and particularly the day(s) of rest, associated with religious practices.

Published
2015

33. Green Cities and Micro-climate – Interim Report 2

Author

Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Beringer, J, Daly, E, White, E, Broadbent, A, Pettigrew, J, Harris, R, Gebert, L, Nice, K, Hamel, P, Fletcher, T, Kalla, M, Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Beringer, J, Daly, E, White, E, Broadbent, A, Pettigrew, J, Harris, R, Gebert, L, Nice, K, Hamel, P, Fletcher, T, and Kalla, M

Published
2013

34. Recent developments in micrometeorological theory and practice with some examples from OzFlux : Australia, New Zealand and Vanuatu

Author

Leuning, R., Cleugh, H.A., Zegelin, S., Hughes, D., Finnigan, J., Keith, H., Hutley, Lindsay, Beringer, J., Tapper, N., Turton, Steve, Liddell, Michael, Blake, Denise F., White, Ronald, Campbell, D., and Roupsard, Olivier

Subjects
P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, U30 - Méthodes de recherche
Abstract

Recent developments in the micrometeorological theory needed to interpret flux measurements in complex terrain will be presented. The problems of measuring fluxes under stable conditions will be discussed, followed by presentation of preliminary results of flux measurements from the developing OzFlux network. Diverse ecosystems are being studied and for a variety of objectives: the Australian sites include the wet/dry tropics in the Northern Territory and N. Queensland, a tropical rain forest, sugar cane plantations and a cool temperate Eucalyptus forest. The New Zealand study is over agricultural land while the Vanuatu site is in a coconut plantation. Fire is a major ecological factor in savannas, and the effects of fires on heat, moisture and carbon dioxide fluxes to the atmosphere is the focus of the study by the Northern Territory group. Interannual variability in global CO2 concentrations are strongly affected by savanna fires. The dynamics of the productivity and water use of wet/dry savanna in a major river catchment in N. Queensland are being studied by CSIRO. These ecosystems are heavily grazed and research focuses on effects of current climate variability and future higher CO2 levels on water use efficiency of the ecosystem. James Cook University has mounted instruments on a large industrial crane located in tropical rainforest. A tropical cyclone severely damaged the forest soon after installation of the crane and the JCU group is now tracking the changes in microclimate and canopy productivity of the rainforest following the cyclone. The main objective of the sugar cane site in tropical Qld is to provide accurate estimates of crop evapotranspiration and to determine the CO2 balance of the Australian sugar industry. Productivity and water use of the tropical ecosystems are being contrasted with a 40 m tall Eucalyptus forest in SE New South Wales by CSIRO. The temperate forest is the most productive of all the FLUXNET sites, and this high productivity is attributed to high rainfall, good soils and the ability of the leaves to photosynthesise actively whenever air temperatures > 0 C. The New Zealand study will use a fixed flux station while roving sites will be of the order of 100 m, 1.5 km, 10 km, 20 km, 40 km away. The aim of the study is to examine coherence in surface fluxes of heat, water vapour and CO2 at various spatial and temporal scales. Annual productivity of coconut palms is the focus of the study in Vanuatu since products from these plantations are major export earners. Tropical plantations are often highly productive and may be suitable for use in carbon sequestration under the Kyoto protocols. (Texte intégral)

Published
2002

35. Evaluation of Collections 4 and 5 of the MODIS Gross Primary Productivity product and algorithm improvement at a tropical savanna site in northern Australia

Author

Kanniah, K, Beringer, J., Hutley, Lindsay, Tapper, N, Zhu, X, Kanniah, K, Beringer, J., Hutley, Lindsay, Tapper, N, and Zhu, X

Abstract

In this study, we assessed the accuracy of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) GPP (gross primary productivity) Collections 4.5, 4.8 and 5 along with Leaf Area Index (LAI), fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fPAR), light use efficiency (LUE) and meteorological variables that are used to estimate GPP for a northern Australian savanna site. Results of this study indicated that the MODIS products captured the seasonal variation in GPP, LAI and fPAR well. Using the index of agreement (IOA), it was found that Collections 4.5 and 4.8 (IOA 0.89 respectively) agreed reasonably well with flux tower measurements between 2001 and 2006. It was also found that MODIS Collection 4.5 predicted the dry season GPP well (Relative Predictive Error (RPE) 4.17%, IOA 0.72 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.05 g C m―2 day―1), whilst Collection 4.8 performed better in capturing wet season dynamics (RPE 1.11%, IOA 0.80 and RMSE of 0.91 g C m―2 day―1). Although the wet season magnitude of GPP was predicted well by Collection 4.8, an examination of the inputs to the GPP algorithm revealed that MODIS fPAR was too high, but this was compensated by PAR and LUE that was too low. Although LAI and fPAR estimated by Collection 5 were more accurate, GPP for this Collection resulted in a much lower value (RPE 25%) due to errors in other factors. Recalculation of MODIS GPP using site specific input parameters indicated that MODIS fPAR was the main reason for the differences between MODIS and tower derived GPP followed by LUE and meteorological inputs. GPP calculated using all site specific values agreed very well with tower data on an annual basis (IOA 0.94, RPE 6.06% and RMSE 0.83 g C m―2 day―1) but the early initiation of the growing season calculated by the MODIS algorithm was improved when the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) function was replaced with a soil water deficit function. The results of this study however, reinforce previous findings in water l

Published
2009

36. Savanna fires and their impact on net ecosystem productivity in North Australia

Author

Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay B., Tapper, N., Cernusak, Lucas A., Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay B., Tapper, N., and Cernusak, Lucas A.

Abstract

Savannas comprise a large area of the global land surface and are subject to frequent disturbance through fire. The role of fire as one of the primary natural carbon cycling mechanisms is a key issue in considering global change feedbacks. The savannas of Northern Australia burn regularly and we aimed to determine their annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and the impact of fire on productivity. We established a long-term eddy covariance flux tower at Howard Springs, Australia and present here 5 years of data from 2001 to 2005. Fire has direct impacts through emissions but also has indirect effects through the loss of productivity due to reduced functional leaf area index and the carbon costs of rebuilding the canopy. The impact of fire on the canopy latent energy exchange was evident for 40 days while the canopy was rebuilt; however, the carbon balance took approximately 70 days to recover. The annual fire free NEP at Howard Springs was estimated at -4.3 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) with a range of -3.5 to -5.1 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) across years. We calculated the average annual indirect fire effect as +0.7 t C ha(-1) yr(-1) using a neural network model approach and estimated average emissions of fine and coarse fuels as +1.6 t C ha(-1) yr(-1). This allowed us to calculate a net biome production of -2.0 t C ha(-1) yr(-1). We then partitioned this remaining sink and suggest that most of this can be accounted for by woody increment (1.2 t C ha(-1) yr(-1)) and shrub encroachment (0.5 t C ha(-1) yr(-1)). Given the consistent sink at this site, even under an almost annual fire regime, there may be management options to increase carbon sequestration by reducing fire frequency.

Published
2007

37. Local boundary-layer development over burnt and unburnt tropical savanna: an observational study

Author

Wendt, C., Beringer, J., Tapper, N, Hutley, Lindsay, Wendt, C., Beringer, J., Tapper, N, and Hutley, Lindsay

Abstract

Fire scars have the ability to radically alter the surface energy budget within a tropical savanna by reducing surface albedo, increasing available energy for partitioning into sensible and latent heat fluxes and increasing substrate heat flux. These changes have the potential to alter boundary-layer conditions and ultimately feedback to local and regional climate. We measured radiative and energy fluxes over burnt and unburnt tropical savanna near Howard Springs, Darwin, Australia. At the burnt site a low to moderate intensity fire, ranging between 1,000 and 3,500 kW m(-1), initially affected the land surface by removing all understorey vegetation, charring and blackening the ground surface, scorching the overstorey canopy and reducing the albedo. A reduction in latent heat fluxes to almost zero was seen immediately after the fire when the canopy was scorched. This was then followed by an increase in the sensible heat flux and a large increase in the ground heat flux over the burnt surface. Tethered balloon measurements showed that, despite the presence of pre-monsoonal rain events occurring during the measurement period, the lower boundary layer over the burnt site was up to 2 degrees C warmer than that over the unburnt site. This increase in boundary-layer heating when applied to fire scars at the landscape scale can have the ability to form or alter local mesoscale circulations and ultimately create a feedback to regional heating and precipitation patterns that may affect larger-scale processes such as the Australian monsoon.

Published
2007

38. The contribution of trees and grasses to productivity of an Australian tropical savanna.

Author

Moore, C. E., Beringer, J., Evans, B., Hutley, L. B., McHugh, I., and Tapper, N. J.

Subjects
SAVANNAS, PLANT productivity, CARBON dioxide, UNDERSTORY plants, GRASSES
Abstract

Savanna ecosystems cover 20% of the global land surface and account for 25% of global terrestrial carbon uptake. They support one fifth of the world's human population and are one of the most important ecosystems on our planet. Savanna productivity is a product of the interplay between trees and grass that co-dominate savanna landscapes and are maintained through interactions with climate and disturbance (fire, land use change, herbivory). In this study, we evaluate the temporally dynamic partitioning of overstory and understory carbon dioxide fluxes in Australian tropical savanna using overstory and understory eddy covariance measurements. Over a two year period (September 2012 to October 2014) the overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of the savanna was 506.2 (±22 SE) g C m-2 yr-1. The total gross primary productivity (GPP) was 2267.1 (±80 SE) g C m-2 yr-1, of which the understory contributed 32%. The understory contribution was strongly seasonal, with most GPP occurring in the wet season (40% of total ecosystem in the wet season and 18% in the dry). This study is the first to elucidate the temporal dynamics of savanna understory and overstory carbon flux components explicitly using observational information. Understanding grass productivity is crucial for evaluating fuel loads, as is tree productivity for quantifying the tree carbon sink. This information will contribute to a significant refinement of the representation of savannas in models, as well as improved understanding of relative tree-grass productivity and competition for resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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43. Savanna fires and their impact on net ecosystem productivity

Author

Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay Beaumont, Tapper, N. J., Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay Beaumont, and Tapper, N. J.

Abstract

Fire is probably the greatest natural and anthropogenic environmental disturbance in Australian tropical savannas with large tracts of savanna burnt annually. These landscape scale fires are likely to have massive impacts on the regional water, energy and carbon dioxide exchanges and as a result may have important feedbacks to the atmosphere and regional to global climate. We initiated the Savanna Fire Experiment (SaFE) at Howard Springs, Darwin, N.T., to examine the impacts of burning on carbon dioxide, heat and moisture budgets. Eddy covariance measurements of surface fluxes were commenced in August 2001. This paper examines measurements of the initial fluxes during the fire and post burn effects as well as the longer term (>2 year) vegetation recovery. Fire and the subsequent scars radically alter the surface energy budgets of tropical savanna lands through reduced surface albedo (0.12 to 0.06), increased available energy for partitioning, increased sensible heat fluxes (40%) and decreased latent heat fluxes (75%). There was a relatively rapid recovery of water but not carbon exchanges driven by canopy flush around six weeks following fire. In addition, biomass burning on this scale in Australian savannas is responsible for releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and important in determining the overall net biome productivity. Fire is an important disturbance factor that will reduce Net Ecosystem Production through initial burning emissions and recovery. Net Ecosystem Production minus fire losses was +0.8 (2001-2002) & +0.3 (2002-2003) and Net Biome Production was estimated at -0.6 tC ha-1 y-1. There are possibilities for reduced carbon emissions and carbon sequestration in this environment.

Published
2004

45. Fire impacts on surface heat, moisture and carbon fluxes from a tropical savanna in northern Australia

Author

Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay B., Tapper, N. J., Coutts, A., Kerley, A., O'Grady, Anthony Peter, Beringer, Jason, Hutley, Lindsay B., Tapper, N. J., Coutts, A., Kerley, A., and O'Grady, Anthony Peter

Abstract

Savannas form a large fraction of the total tropical vegetation and are extremely fire prone. We measured radiative, energy and carbon exchanges over unburned and burned (both before and after low and moderate intensity fires) open forest savanna at Howard Springs, Darwin, Australia. Fire affected the radiative balance immediately following fire through the consumption of the grass-dominated understorey and blackening of the surface. Albedo was halved following fire of both intensities (from 0.12 to 0.07 and from 0.11 to 0.06 for the moderate and low intensity sites, respectively), but the recovery of albedo was dependent on the initial fire intensity. The low intensity fire caused little canopy damage with little impact on the surface energy balance and only a slight increase in Bowen ratio. However the moderate fire resulted in a comprehensive canopy scorch and almost complete leaf drop in the weeks following fire. The shutdown of most leaves within the canopy reduced transpiration and altered energy partitioning. Leaf death and shedding also resulted in a cessation of ecosystem carbon uptake and the savanna turned from a sink to a source of carbon to the atmosphere because of the continued ecosystem respiration. Post-fire, the Bowen ratio increased greatly due to large increases in sensible heat fluxes. These changes in surface energy exchange following fire, when applied at the landscape scale, may have impacts on climate through local changes in circulation patterns and changes in regional heating, precipitation and monsoon circulation.

Published
2003

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