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Objective The evaluation of bone marrow (BM) status is an integral part of the initial workup of patients diagnosed with lymphoma as it plays an important role in staging and predicting prognosis in these patients. This article determines the incidence and pattern of BM involvement in lymphoma cases and distinguishes benign from malignant lymphoid aggregates in BM biopsies. Materials and Methods The study group included 121 cases of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas for which BM biopsies were performed, fixed in acetic acid-zinc formalin solution, decalcified using 10% formic acid, and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. Results The overall incidence of BM biopsy involvement in our study was 31.4% (37/118), including 34.7% (35/101) in cases of B cell lymphomas, 25% (2/8) in cases of T cell lymphomas, and no involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma. The predominant histological pattern of BM involvement was diffused (14/37; 37.8%), followed by interstitial (10/37; 27.1%). Five cases revealed benign nonparatrabecular lymphoid aggregates which could be confused with lymphomatous involvement, especially in low grade lymphomas. Conclusion A careful examination of the BM biopsies along with clinical history, peripheral blood examination, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry will help in arriving at the correct diagnosis.

In the present investigation the production and characterization of a thermostable alpha-amylase enzyme from hot spring isolates Alcaligenes faecalis SSB17 has been studied. The individual and combined effect of temperature, pH and time has been investigated on the production of enzyme in four media (Luria Bertani, Nutrient Media, Semi-Synthetic Media l and Semi-Synthetic Media 2) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows high coefficient values of determination for each medium and satisfactory prediction second order regression models has been derived. Enzyme purification has been carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Maximum purification has been obtained by SEC with 60 fold. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme has shown the presence of a single band associated with the amylase enzyme, having a molecular weight of 52 kDa

Existing overviews of arsenic removal include technologies that have traditionally been used (oxidation, precipitation/coagulation/membrane separation/adsorption) in static bed, with far less attention paid to fluidized bed. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using cashew nut shale waste as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of arsenic (III) ions from aqueous solutions by using gas–liquid–solid fluidized bed. The effect of gas velocity, liquid velocity, initial static bed height and average particle size on the adsorption of arsenic (III) by cashew nut shale waste is investigated using batch methods. The single and combined effects of operating parameters such as gas velocity, liquid velocity, initial static bed height and average particle size on the adsorption of arsenic (III) from wastewater are analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). A 24 full factorial central composite experimental design was employed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.9611) and satisfactory prediction second-order regression model was derived. The optimum operating conditions were determined as gas velocity, 12.5 m/s; liquid velocity, 0.04 m/s; initial static bed height, 0.1 m and average particle size of 1.27 mm. At optimum adsorption conditions, the adsorption of arsenic (III) from wastewater in a three phase fluidized bed is found to be 92.5464%.

The prediction of the fluctuation and expansion ratios in three-phase fluidised beds of homogeneous particles is of prime importance in designing the equipments and evaluating the efficiency of a number of physical and/or chemical operations of industrial importance. A clear knowledge of the hydrodynamic behaviour in a three-phase fluidised bed is a prerequisite for this purpose. To explore this, a series of experiments have been carried out for homogeneous well-mixed ternary mixtures of three different sizes of glass beads of varying compositions in a three-phase fluidised bed. The hydrodynamic characteristics determined include the bed fluctuation and expansion ratios. The dependence of these quantities on the average particle diameter, superficial gas velocity and initial static bed height has been discussed. Based on dimensional and statistical analyses, correlations have been developed with the system parameters, viz., average particle diameter, initial static bed height and superficial velocity of the fluidising medium. Experimental values of bed fluctuation and expansion ratios have been found to agree well with those calculated from developed correlations.

In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted to isolate microbial strains from Taptapani Hot Spring Odisha, India for bioremediation of cadmium and lead. The strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SS1), Aeromonas veronii (SS2) and Bacillus barbaricus (SS3) have shown better adaptation to metal tolerance test, with different concentrations of cadmium and lead and hence have been selected for further studies of metal microbial interaction and optimization. The results of bioremediation process indicate that consortium of thermophilic isolates adsorbed heavy metals more effectively than the individually treated isolates. Therefore, A 24 full factorial central composite design has been employed to analyze the effect of metal ion concentration, microbial concentration and time on removal of heavy metals with consortium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows a high coefficient of determination value. The kinetic data have been fitted to pseudo-first order and second-order models. The isotherm equilibrium data have been well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The optimum removal conditions determined for initial ion concentration was 0.3 g/l; contact time 72 h; microbial concentration, 3 ml/l; and pH 7. At optimum adsorption conditions, the adsorption of cadmium and lead are found to be 92% and 93%, respectively, and presence of metals was confirmed through EDS analysis.