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Chemical fungicides are often harmful to people and the environment because of their toxicity. The wood protection industry places a high priority on replacing them with natural products. Therefore, this investigation focused on developing a formulation of a binary combination of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn and Cedrus atlantica Manetti obtained by Simultaneous hydrodistillation to protect the wood from decay using a mixture design methodology. The chemical composition of EOs was identified by Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and their anti-wood-decay fungal activity was assessed using the macrodilution method against four fungi responsible for wood decay: Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Poria placenta. The results of GC/MS identified myrtenal as a new component appearing in all binary combinations. The optimum anti-wood-decay fungal activity was observed in a combination of 60% S. rosmarinus and 40% C. atlantica essential oils, providing an effective concentration for 50 percent of maximal effect (EC50) value of 9.91 ± 1.91 and 9.28 ± 1.55 µg/mL for C. puteana and C. versicolor, respectively. The highest anti-wood-decay fungal activity for G. trabeum and P. placenta was found in the combination of 55% of S. rosmarinus and 45% of C. atlantica essential oils, with an EC50 value of 11.48 ± 3.73 and 22.619 ± 3.79 µg/mL, respectively. Combined simultaneous hydrodistillation improved the antifungal effect of these essential oils. These results could be used to improve antifungal activity and protect wood against wood-decay fungi.

The main compounds or the chemical composition in general is influenced by different factors such as the harvest period, the origin of the plant and the climatic conditions. The composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils during 9 harvest periods (January 2018 to April 2019) was determined by and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents were 1,8-Cineole (33.33-52.59%), Camphor (7.07-20.09%), α-pinene (11.93-16.22%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed two main groups namely First group “winter season” which contains a high amount of Camphor, Second group “summer season” which has a significant amount of 1,8-Cineole and an intermediate group “ which shares the same characterize of the two groups. In conclusion, these results allow us to understand the variation of major compounds according to the seasons for the exploitation of these compounds in different fields.

Argan oil plays a significant socio-economic role in southwestern Morocco, with many applications in cosmetics and nutrition. In this study, the chemical composition, the quality, as well as antioxidant activity of Argan oils extracted from different fruit shapes (apiculate, oval, spherical, and fusiform) in Essaouira and Agadir were evaluated. The results collected indicated a slight resemblance in the chemical composition of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, and polyphenols of Argan oils. These, extracted from two different regions, also show similar yields in the oval form, with values of 53.53 % for the Essaouira region and 54.86 % for that of Agadir. However, a slight difference was noted in the shape of the fruit. Indeed, the total sterols content for the oval shape showed values of 178.64 mg/100g in the Essaouira region and 171.97 mg/100g in the Agadir region. Also, γ-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all tested oils.

Resume La presente etude vise a determiner l’evolution de la teneur du principe actif Δ9-THC dans une serie de 1004 echantillons de resines de cannabis saisies au Maroc entre 2005 et 2014. Il en ressort une tendance a la hausse comparativement a la moyenne de 8 % declaree en 2004 dans le rapport ONUDC, puisque les teneurs ont evolue de la gamme 0,6 %–16,8 % en 2005–2006 a 0,5 %–25 % en 2014. L’augmentation a ete ressentie tres sensiblement en 2007 pour la categorie des resines dosees entre 10 % et 20 % en Δ9-THC (frequence de 40 % en 2007 contre 17 % en 2005–2006), et s’est poursuivie par l’apparition en 2009 de nouvelles resines fortement dosees a plus de 20 % (5 % des saisies). Cela s’explique par l’introduction de nouvelles semences de type hybride ( Cannabis indica L.) importees d’Europe. En contrepartie, pendant la meme periode, la classe sous-dosee en Δ9-THC (taux inferieur a 10 %), correspondant aux cultures traditionnelles du kif ( Cannabis sativa L.), a tres nettement regresse mais sans disparaitre, en passant de 83 % des saisies en 2005–2006 a 55 % en 2014. La classe des nouvelles varietes hybrides ( C. indica L.) riches en Δ9-THC se distingue par la forte predominance du precurseur chimique de ce principe actif, le THCA. L’enrichissement en Δ9-THC constate dans les saisies de resines de cannabis au Maroc au cours de la derniere decennie concorde avec la tendance generalement enregistree en Europe (des 2004) et aux Etats-Unis (des la periode 2004–2008).

The essential oils obtained separately from both the untreated and treated wood (wood veneer) of Tetraclinis articulate (Dahl) Masters gathered from the area of Essaouira (Morocco)have been analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the constituents in the samples studied. In the treated wood, the main componentswere carvacrol (41.2 % vs. 30.5% for untreated wood), O-methylthymodroquinone (10.8 % vs. 16.5 % for untreated wood) and cedrol (2.5 % vs. 12.1 % for untreated wood). The present study shows that the wood veneers are source of essential oil and can be used in both medicinal and cosmetic purposes.

La presente etude porte sur la caracterisation de la compo-sition lipidique de l'huile des graines de Cannabis sativa L. type drogue cultive au Nord du Maroc. Les resultats obtenus montrent que la composition en acides gras de cette huile est assez proche de celle des huiles de graines de cannabis type fibre cultive dans d'autres parties du monde. Un taux d'aci-de linolenique (omega-3) de 16 %, un ratio ponderal acides poly-insatures/acides satures (P/S) de 6:1 et un rapport omega-6/omega-3 de 3:1, ont ete determines. Les teneurs de cette huile en sterols et en tocopherols ) ont ete evaluees respectivement a 3765 mg/kg, 13 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg et 426 mg/kg. Cette composition en acides gras, ste-rols et tocopherols, presente de fortes similitudes avec celle de l'huile de soja. Enfin, un lavage a l'hexane des graines avant extraction de l'huile, permet d'obtenir un produit pratiquement exempt de traces de -9-THC

La presente etude concerne la determination du taux de tetrahydrocannabinol des cultures de cannabis dans trois regions du nord du Maroc : Al Hoceima, Chefcliaouen et Larache, a partir de plantes vertes en croissance, seches arrivees a maturite et reduites en poudre. L'analyse quantitative conduite en chromatographie gazeuse couplee a la spectrometrie de masse, sur les extraits organiques de 245 echantillons issus de 30 parcelles, a permis la determination des teneurs moyennes en -THC dans la plante verte (0,5 %), seche (2,1 %) et dans la poudre (8,3 %). En outre, ces resultats demontrent que les regions de culture traditionnelle Al Hoceima et Chefcliaouen produisent du cannabis a plusforte teneur en. -THC comparativement a la region de Larache, appelee zone d'extension ou le cannabis a ete mis en culture plus recemment. Par ailleurs, cette etude a etabli que les plants mâles, souvent consideres deficients en -THC, renferment des teneurs de meme ordre que celles enregistrees pour les plants femelles aussi bien dans les feuilles que dans les sommites.