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BackgroundInternet addiction has become a major global concern and a burden on mental health. However, there is a lack of consensus on its link to mental health outcomes. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between internet addiction severity and adverse mental health outcomes. MethodsFirst-year undergraduates enrolled at Sichuan University during September 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were invited to participate in the current study survey, 85.13% (31,659/37,187) of whom fully responded. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Symptom Checklist 90, Six-Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to evaluate internet addiction, four psychopathologies (high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, and paranoia), serious mental illness, and lifetime suicidality. ResultsThe prevalence of students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction was 37.93% (12,009/31,659), 6.33% (2003/31,659), and 0.20% (63/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates of high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and serious mental illness were 6.54% (2072/31,659), 4.09% (1294/31,659), 0.51% (160/31,659), 0.52% (165/31,659), and 1.88% (594/31,659), respectively, and the lifetime prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 36.31% (11,495/31,659), 5.13% (1624/31,659), and 1.00% (315/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) of the four psychopathologies and their comorbidities, screened serious mental illness, and suicidalities in the group without internet addiction were much lower than the average levels of the surveyed population. Most of these metrics in the group with mild internet addiction were similar to or slightly higher than the average rates; however, these rates sharply increased in the moderate and severe internet addiction groups. Among the four psychopathologies, clinically significant depression was most strongly associated with internet addiction after adjusting for the confounding effects of demographics and other psychopathologies, and its prevalence increased from 1.01% (178/17,584) in the students with no addiction to 4.85% (582/12,009), 24.81% (497/2,003), and 58.73% (37/63) in the students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction, respectively. The proportions of those with any of the four psychopathologies increased from 4.05% (713/17,584) to 11.72% (1408/12,009), 36.89% (739/2003), and 68.25% (43/63); those with lifetime suicidal ideation increased from 24.92% (4382/17,584) to 47.56% (5711/12,009), 67.70% (1356/2003), and 73.02% (46/63); those with a suicidal plan increased from 2.59% (456/17,584) to 6.77% (813/12,009), 16.72% (335/2003), and 31.75% (20/63); and those with a suicidal attempt increased from 0.50% (88/17,584) to 1.23% (148/12,009), 3.54% (71/2003), and 12.70% (8/63), respectively. ConclusionsModerate and severe internet addiction were strongly associated with a broad group of adverse mental health outcomes, including somatic symptoms that are the core features of many medical illnesses, although clinically significant depression showed the strongest association. This finding supports the illness validity of moderate and severe internet addiction in contrast to mild internet addiction. These results are important for informing health policymakers and service suppliers from the perspective of resolving the overall human health burden in the current era of “Internet Plus” and artificial intelligence.

BackgroundComorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and emotional dysregulation may represent a distinct subtype of ADHD， which is characterized by an increased risk of anxiety or depressive disorder and a poor clinical prognosis， so research is urgently required to explore its unique executive functioning profile and clinical characteristics. However， there is limited research comparing the clinical symptoms and executive function in children with ADHD in terms of the presence or absence of emotional dysregulation.ObjectiveTo explore the executive function and clinical characteristics of ADHD children with emotional dysregulation.MethodsFrom June 2020 to December 2023， 118 children aged 7 to 12 with ADHD attending the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital， Sichuan University and fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Children were classified into emotional dysregulation group （n=68） and non-emotional dysregulation group （n=50） based on the standard T-scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL）- anxious/depressed， aggressive behavior and attention problems subscales. All children were then subjected to complete the Chinese version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham，Version IV Scale-parent form （SNAP-IV）， Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children （C-WISC）， Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent form （WFIRS-P） and 4 tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery （CANTAB）： ①Stockings of Cambridge （SOC） testing spatial planning. ②Intradimensional-extradimensional Set Shifting（IED） testing cognitive/attentional flexibility， adjusting the total errors across the task. ③Spatial Working Memory （SWM） testing spatial working memory. ④Rapid Visual Information Processing （RVP） testing sustained attention.ResultsThe SNAP-IV Inattention， Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Oppositional Defiant Disorder domain scores and total score were all higher in emotional dysregulation group compared with non-emotional dysregulation group （t=3.206， 5.088， 6.316， 6.553， P

Due to the concentration of heat input in the plasma arc direct deposition technology, the material was prone to large residual stress and uneven deformation, which greatly affects the quality of the formed parts. All of the birth-death cell technique, the transient thermal model and the thermo-elasto-plastic model were adopted for the thermal process and residual stress simulation during the additive manufacturing process. The calculation results were used to study the effects of different deposition paths on the thermal cycle characteristics and residual stress distribution of TC4 part in plasma arc additive manufacturing. Meanwhile, the validation experiment was carried out to check the effectiveness of the finite element model through thermal tests. The simulated thermal curves match the experimental results well. The results show that both paths generate higher residual stress in the area around the arc-extinguishing point than the rest, and the zigzag with contour-offset path has better heat dissipation than the full zigzag path, and the residual stress of the deposited layer of the contour-offset path is significantly lower than that of the full raster path. Previous layers are subjected to a complicated thermal cycles, when the new layers are deposited on old layers. The peak temperature is increased from the bottom layer to the middle layer. As new layer is deposited on top, the transient stress distribution of parts changes regularly. Larger stress is located near the middle of the top layers and the area where the bottom meets the substrate, which is then maintained and gradually converted into residual stress within the part.

AbstractDamqiong Co Lake (DCL) is a high-altitude (4,450 m) soda lake with high salinity (122.45 ± 6.20 g/L) and carbonate concentrations ((10 ± 0.21 g/L of CO32- and 8.77 ± 0.07 g/L of HCO3-) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to examine bacterial and archaeal community compositions in the DCL. The result showed that bacterial diversity (Shannon index values of 4.18 ± 0.42) in DCL were significantly higher (P = 0.012) than Archaeal (2.27 ± 1.01). Bacterial communities comprised by 25 phyla, 40 classes, and 205 genera. The dominant bacterial phyla were the Firmicutes (11.23%–70.05%), Proteobacteria (15.47%–45.27%), Bacteroidetes (9.87%–27.88%) and Actinobacteria (0.98%–11.55%). The dominant bacterial genera were Gracilimonas (1.25%–18.95%), Halomonas (3.99%–15.02%), Nitriliruptor (0.76%–11.30%), Bradymonas (0.08%–6.66%), and Brumimicrobium (0.04%–6.47%). Archaeal communities comprised by 5 phyla, 4 classes, and 26 genera. The dominant archaeal phyla were Euryarchaeota (3.69%–97.12%) and Woesearchaeota (2.85%–92.26%), while the dominant genera were Methanomassiliicoccus (0.36%–76.88%), Woesearchaeota AR16 (2.18%–48.61%), Methanolobus (0.32%–19.87%), and Woesearchaeota AR15 (0.27%–18.20%). Correlation heatmap indicated that the diversity in DCL was highly correlated with pH, CO32-, Cl-, Na+, Mg2+, and temperature (P < 0.001). The unique dominant genera of Bacteria (Bradymonas) and Archaea (Methanomassiliicoccus) in DCL suggests that valuable microbial resources may exist in high-altitude soda lakes like the DCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the crushing rate and improve the yield of rice during the milling process, it is significant from a fundamental standpoint to understand the mechanical behaviors of rice under external loads. In this paper, the mechanical properties and fracture morphologies of rice with various moisture contents have been analyzed in detail by experiments and the finite‐element (FE) method. In FE simulations, two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) composite models have been established with the cohesive zone model characterizing the interface strength. The results show that the moisture content determines the endosperm cell wall interface strength, and a linear relationship between the interface strength and moisture content has been obtained. In particular, three fracture patterns of brown rice are observed by the competition between the interface strength of starch granule and endosperm cell wall interface strength. Good agreements between FE predictions and experimental results indicate that the combination of the 2D and 3D composite models with the cohesive zone model can provide accurate predictions of the fracture behaviors of brown rice. This investigation should be of great help for understanding the moisture content‐dependent compression and impact behaviors of rice. Practical applications: Brown rice can be obtained by removing the husk through a hulling machine. During these processes, external loads, such as compression and impact, will damage the microstructure of brown rice, which results in a loss rate as high as 25%. Understanding the mechanical properties of brown rice with different moisture contents will be of great help in designing the equipment used in rice processing operations and extending the yield of polished rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminar flame speed measurements were carried for mixture of air with eight C3-4 hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butene, n-butane, and iso-butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C1-2 hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame speed data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study. The method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (MUM-PCE) (D.A. Sheen and H. Wang, Combust. Flame 2011, 158, 2358-2374) was employed to constrain the model uncertainty for laminar flame speed predictions. Results demonstrate that a reaction model constrained only by the laminar flame speed values of methane/air flames notably reduces the uncertainty in the predictions of the laminar flame speeds of C3 and C4 alkanes, because the key chemical pathways of all of these flames are similar to each other. The uncertainty in model predictions for flames of unsaturated C3-4 hydrocarbons remain significant without considering fuel specific laminar flames speeds in the constraining target data set, because the secondary rate controlling reaction steps are different from those in the saturated alkanes. It is shown that the constraints provided by the laminar flame speeds of the foundation fuels could reduce notably the uncertainties in the predictions of laminar flame speeds of C4 alcohol/air mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the laminar flame speed of a particular C4 alcohol/air mixture is better achieved through measurements for key molecular intermediates formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the parent fuel.