Search

Background and Objectives: The enigma COVID-19 pandemic already involved major parts of the globe with a toll of 3,175,207 victims and 224,172 deaths from 215 countries/territories as on May 1, 2020. It cripples nations by the loss of human resources, economic decline, hunger, unemployment insecurities giving way to mental morbidities, and still many others to be discovered. A systematic search about correlates of its killing attribute is urgently warranted. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey for 3 weeks (03/5/2020–23/5/2020) was conducted in a teaching institution at Kolkata aiming to describe the magnitude and correlates of COVID-19 mortality. Data pertaining to COVID-19 cases, deaths of affected countries, and their potential correlates were retrieved from various public domains, for example, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports, worldpopulationreview.com, data.worldbank.org. Results: Multiple linear regressions analysis through forward method revealed a maximum R2 of 57.7% (P = 0.03) and a significant model fit (P = 0.000) for COVID-19 mortality rate per million which was revealed to have a positive association with median age of the population of the country (β = 0.073), proportion of population sustaining obesity (β = 0.051) and %of population consumed alcohol over the past 12 months (β = 0.018). It meant for 1 year increase in median age COVID-19 mortality would be increased by 8.0%. Similarly, COVID-19 mortality would be increased by 2.0% and 5.0% by inclusion in the model of 1% alcoholic, and 1% obese individual, respectively, Conclusion: Notwithstanding variations in testing, reporting, and patients' management strategy the findings of this research have some implications to the scientific fraternity and policymakers.

Nanoscale self-assembly of peptide constructs represents a promising means to present bioactive motifs to develop new functional materials. Here, we present a series of peptide amphiphiles which form hydrogels based on β-sheet nanofibril networks, several of which have very promising anti-microbial and anti-parasitic activities, in particular against multiple strains of

BackgroundCinemeducation has been shown to be an effective tool to help the students develop humanistic skills. However, there is a dearth of studies to find out if this can also be utilized to improve the interest and satisfaction of students learning about rare diseases such as the Inborn Errors of Metabolism. The aim was to introduce cinemeducation as part of early clinical exposure in teaching the inborn errors of metabolism for first-year MBBS students in the Department of Biochemistry. The Objectives were 1) to develop, validate and assess the feasibility of structured modules on Cinemeducation in teaching the Inborn Errors of Metabolism, 2) to study the impact of Cinemeducation on the satisfaction, interest, and academic performance of first-year MBBS students and 3) to study the perception of students and faculty towards CinemeducationMethodsThis was a quasi-experimental, cross-over study involving 100 MBBS students in the Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Kalyani. Movie clips prepared from Lorenzo’s Oil (for Lipid metabolism) and Extraordinary Measures (for Lysosomal Storage Disease) and corresponding paper-based cases; questionnaires and feedback forms were validated by expert group review. Analysis of quantitative data was performed in GraphPad, MS Excel and MAXQDA2022 software.Findings, Discussions and ConclusionsStudents’ academic performance was found to be improved in the groups where the Extraordinary Measures movie was used for Cinemeducation. Both learners and facilitators were satisfied with Cinemeducation. Cinemeducation was effectively introduced for teaching Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the Department of Biochemistry.

Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of permanent disability. Currently, the burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing across the world including India. The main risk factor of stroke are high blood pressure, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stroke include smoking, drinking alcohol, high fat diet. Objective: To identify the socio demographic prole of study population and to nd out the proportion of selected risk factors of stroke among the study subjects and to assess different risk factors among them. Methodology:An observational descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken in urban eld practice area of a teaching institute of Kolkata. By 2 using the formula 4pq/l , total 200 participants were selected by simple random sampling and they were interviewed during house to house visit with WHO STEPS questionnaire for Non Communicable Diseases (NCD). Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.39 years and 33.5% participants were overweight with high BMI. Only 26 % participants were hypertensive and most of them (57.69%) had duration of hypertension more than 1 year. Majority (72.03%) did not have diabetes mellitus. Most (61%) of study participants had done moderate intensity physical activity regularly. Almost 25.5% study participants consume tobacco products and Most of the study 92.8% participants consumed alcohol 1-4 times in past 30 days. Signicant association were seen between gender and smoking (p=0.005), Gender and alcohol consumption (p=0.000), Religion and alcohol consumption (p=0.03), Occupation category and alcohol consumption (p=0.002), Marital status and hypertension (p=0.001). Conclusion: Effective public health intervention required promote regular exercise and healthy eating, avoiding alcohol and tobacco. Periodic screening for hypertension and diabetes and early diagnosis and treatment are key strategy for stroke prevention.

BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrinological problem affecting women who present with ovulatory dysfunction resulting in infertility. Its milder form, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) characterised by mildly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and normal free thyroxin (FT4) levels, may also contribute to disturbed reproductive function. The prevalence of SCH has been reported to be 0.7 % - 2.3 % in large series of unselected infertile women. Undiagnosed and untreated thyroid diseases can be a cause for infertility as well as sub fertility. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in the reproductive age group ranges from 2 - 4 %. We wanted to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism as one of the causes of infertility in infertile women who attended a tertiary care centre, to study the prevalence of clinical / subclinical hypothyroidism in infertile women and to assess the thyroid status in infertile women. METHODS This is a prospective observational study done in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics outpatient department at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India from 1st January 2017 to 1st July 2018. 314 infertile women in the reproductive age of 20 - 40 years attending the outpatient department were included in this study RESULTS In our study out of the total of 314 cases, 270 patients (86 %) were suffering from primary infertility and 44 patients (14 %) had secondary infertility. Prevalence of hypothyroidism (both clinical and subclinical) was 21.9 % (69 cases) among the infertile patients attending outpatient department of a tertiary care centre. Clinical hypothyroidism was detected in 7.3 % (23 cases) and subclinical hypothyroidism was seen in 46 cases (14.6 %). Among the hypothyroid infertile patients, 75.4 % (52 cases) was of primary infertility. CONCLUSIONS Hypothyroidism is an emerging cause of infertility (both primary and secondary). Subclinical hypothyroidism is more prevalent than clinical hypothyroidism in infertile women. KEYWORDS Hypothyroidism, Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Infertility, Tertiary Care Centre

Chronic exposure to high glucose inside the human body helps in the progression of cancer by activating various signaling pathways including PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Ras, Raf, MAPK, and PKC. Hyperglycemia induces ROS and AGE production and decreases the functional activities of the cellular antioxidant system. By downregulating the prolyl hydroxylase, it stabilizes HIF-α leading to EMT-induced cancer progression and inhibition of apoptosis. High glucose level increases inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory environment through the production of certain pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, leukotrienes), and by influencing the recruitment of immune cells, leukocytes in the inflamed region. High glucose impairs the immune response and dysregulates ROS formation through the alteration in ETC and glutaminolysis which makes hyperglycemic patients more susceptible to viral infection. 2-DG is a modified form of D-glucose, that shows anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects. It enters the cells through GLUT transporters and is converted into 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate with the help of hexokinase. It inhibits the glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway leading to ATP depletion. By downregulating glucose uptake and energy (ATP) production it halts various pathways responsible for cancer progression. It promotes the formation of anti-inflammatory mediators, and macrophage polarization, and also modulates immune function, which decreases inflammation. 2-DG inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR and upregulates the AMPK pathway, causing activation of the SIRT-4 gene that reduces lipogenesis, glucose uptake, nucleotide formation, and alters viral replication thus reducing the chances of infection.

Though application of chemical fertilizers has contributed significantly to the huge increase in the world food production, the adverse impacts of it are well known. To develop an organic farming s...

Objectives We aimed to evaluate blood pressure (BP) in Indian children who had similar demographic characteristics but hailed from different altitudes. Methods BP of school going children, aged 5 to 12 years, at five different locations varying in altitude (near sea level: n = 425; 2000 feet: n = 244; 4000 feet: n = 248; 6000 feet: n = 242 and 8000 feet: n = 250) was measured in a mountainous district in Himalaya. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded by aneroid sphygmomanometer in the sitting posture using a calibrated instrument and four trained resident doctors. The average of three readings was taken. Results Of the 1229 children whose data were analyzed, 50.4% were boys. SBP showed a progressive rise from 99.5 (4.00) mmHg [mean (standard deviation)] at near sea level to 106.7 (4.17) mmHg at 8000 feet. Similarly, DBP showed a rise from 60.1 (3.67) mmHg to 66.8 (4.58) mmHg over the same altitude range. Analysis of covariance for BP variation with altitude, with age as covariate, indicated a modest but statistically significant rise in both SBP and DBP with altitude. Higher BP values was noted among children residing at higher than at lower altitude (0.8% at sea level to 18.8% at 8000 feet). Correlations between SBP and DBP values and height and weight, though positive and significant at p Conclusions These data will help in correct interpretation of BP readings in children residing at high altitude.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a terrifying global pandemic. The presentations in neonates are varied with less case severity compared to adults.To describe the clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of neonates admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second surge of COVID-19 pandemic in a Government Medical College, West Bengal, India.It is a hospital-based observational cross-sectional study conducted in the newborn unit of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital between 1 April 2021 and 31 July 2021 including all SARS-CoV-2 Real time RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) positive neonates. The demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of all the neonates and their outcomes were documented and analysed.Twenty-two neonates were found to be SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive out of which 9 (40.9%) were found to be asymptomatic and 6 (27.27%) required neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Among the symptomatic neonates, most common presentations were respiratory distress (40.9%) and gastrointestinal manifestations (40.9%). Eight (36.36%) neonates required respiratory support. Three (13.6%) neonates had pneumonia of which one had right middle lobe collapse. Laboratory parameters were nonspecific except for the two (9%) cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates. High-resolution computed tomography findings in two cases were suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced changes. Two (9%) neonates died of which one was likely due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection are mostly asymptomatic. However, clinicians must be vigilant as atypical presentations such as consolidation, collapse, meningitis or multisystem inflammatory syndrome may occur.SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates is rare with varied presentations ranging from asymptomatic neonates to a few presenting with multiorgan failure. The disease severity and case fatality are much less than in adults. We studied the clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of 22 neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second surge of COVID-19 pandemic. While nine (40.9%) neonates were asymptomatic, six (27.27%) required NICU admission. Pneumonia is a rare presentation in neonates but severe COVID-19 pneumonia resulting in consolidation and lobar collapse requiring positive pressure ventilation is a possibility. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates is also a clinical entity probably as a result of hyperinflammatory syndrome due to transplacental transfer of antibodies. They require rigorous treatment, close monitoring and regular follow-ups. Amniotic fluid, placental or cord blood testing is essential to ascertain the definite mode of transmission in these neonates.

Background: Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) is an objective test for audiometric assessment of children. As deprived linguistic skill is often associated with auditory impairment in initial years of life; early diagnosis and interventions are much needed. Aim and Objective: To detect Wave V, in the lowest intensity, as it is a reliable parameter to assess BERA threshold for hearing among different age group of children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 children (n = 250) with impaired speech and 120 normal children. The case population was divided into four groups according to age – Group 1 (

Phthalates are a family of reprotoxicant compounds, predominantly used as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and longevity of consumable plastic goods. After their use these plastic products find their way to the waste disposal sites where they leach out the hazardous phthalates present within them, into the surrounding environment, contaminating soil, groundwater resources, and the nearby water bodies. Subsequently, phthalates move into the living system through the food chain and exhibit the well-known phenomenon of biological magnification. Phthalates as a primary pollutant have been classified as 1B reprotoxicants and teratogens by different government authorities and they have thus imposed restrictions on their use. Nevertheless, the release of these compounds in the environment is unabated. Bioremediation has been suggested as one of the ways of mitigating this menace, but studies regarding the field applications of phthalate utilizing microbes for this purpose are limited. Through this review, we endeavor to make a deeper understanding of the cause and concern of the problem and to find out a possible solution to it. The review critically emphasizes the various aspects of phthalates toxicity, including their chemical nature, human health risks, phytoaccumulation and entry into the food chain, microbial role in phthalate degradation processes, and future challenges.

Childhood pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality among under-five children. It is responsible for 15% of all deaths of children U5, killing 808,694 children in 2017 (1). Traditional visual inspection and manual count method is used to detect and classify fast-breathing, a key indicator of Pneumonia. In response to UNICEF's call for a reliable diagnostic tool, Philips was the first to respond with the Children's Automatic Respiratory Monitor for measuring fast breathing objectively.UNICEF and Philips Foundation initiated a field study to test the acceptability, usability and efficacy of the Automatic Respiratory Monitor in Determining Fast Breathing in low resource setting environments.Philips Foundation partnered up with the Directorate of Medical Education in West Bengal, India to conduct the field study amongst community healthcare workers and beneficiaries in a rural district of West Bengal. In collaboration with North Bengal Medical CollegeHospital, a community-based study was conducted in a tribal tea garden of Naxalbari block.Acceptability and usability of the device was assessed through structtured interviews and dialogues with community health workers (CHWs), caregivers and local healthcare practitioners. Efficacy of the device was represented by the inter-rater agreement between the traditional visual inspection and manual count method and the device reading.A descriptive community based mixed method study was conducted. Satisfaction among community healthcare workers (CHWs) and beneficiaries was found to be promising across all study parameters.The paper captures the study methods, statistical analysis of the data, the conclusions, areas of further research and recommends community-wide use of the device in objectively measuring fast breathing among children under the age of five years.

Background: Burdwan Medical College is one of the 212 medical colleges included under National Knowledge Network (NKN), and we use telemedicine platform for imparting medical education. COVID-19 pandemic has brought a sudden change in education across the globe. Medical colleges in India also started online medical teaching since nationwide lockdown from March 24, 2020. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the impact telemedicine-assisted traditional teaching classes and flipped classroom (FC)-assisted self-directed learning (SDL) sessions among first MBBS students in Burdwan Medical College. Materials and Methods: This pilot study was conducted in a time span of 4 months after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. Two hundred medical students enrolled in the first year participated in this study. The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology. Traditional interactive classes were conducted and these were also shared with other institutions under NKN. Students of Burdwan Medical College were present physically in these classes. Multiple choice questions (MCQ) examinations were conducted to assess knowledge of the students of Burdwan Medical College prior to and after attaining the classes. After the nationwide lockdown, our students had to leave the institution and continue studies online. We were also unable to assess telemedicine-assisted sessions from March 24, 2020 onward. Hence, we started flipped classroom-assisted self-directed learning as the mode of teaching during this period. For these sessions also, MCQ examinations were conducted to assess knowledge of students before and after the teaching learning sessions. Two surveys were conducted to get feedback from students. Results: The students were more satisfied with telemedicine-assisted traditional classes. Academic activities carried by majority of students was 5 h or more. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between telemedicine-assisted traditional lecture classes and FC-assisted SDL in pretest sessions (45.83 ± 20.45 vs. 44.74 ± 17.1; P = 0.67). Students performed significantly better in posttest sessions (61.04 ± 12.75 vs. 45.83 ± 20.45; P < 0.0001**) as compared to pretest sessions in telemedicine-assisted traditional interactive lecture classes. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between telemedicine-assisted traditional lecture classes and FC-assisted SDL in posttest sessions (61.04 ± 12.75 vs. 61.51 ± 13.57; P = 0.74). Students performed significantly better in posttest sessions (61.51 ± 13.57 vs. 44.74 ± 17.1; P < 0.0001**) as compared to pretest sessions in FC-assisted SDL sessions. Conclusions: FC-assisted SDL is equally an effective tool as telemedicine-assisted traditional interactive lecture classes in teaching physiology to undergraduate medical students and may be taken into consideration in future teaching–learning program. Flipped classroom-assisted SDL may be used as an alternative in teaching–learning methodology as it is equally an effective tool as telemedicine-assisted traditional interactive lecture classes in physiology.

The research work has been done to determine the extent of adoption of improved vegetable cultivation practices by the farmers. Attempt was also made to explore the contribution of selected characteristics of farmers viz. age, education, family size, farm size, experience in vegetable cultivation, annual income, vegetable cultivation knowledge, extension media contact, organizational participation, innovativeness, training experiences and problems confrontation on their adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation. It is a Field Survey Research Shajahanpur upazila under Bogra district of Bangladesh by the department of Agricultural Extension and Information System between January to June of 2018. Data were collected from randomly selected 112 farmers of Chopinagar union under Shajahanpur upazila of Bogra district by using a structured interview schedule. Appropriate scales were developed in order to measure the variables. Multiple regression test was used to ascertain the contribution of the concerned independent variables on the dependent variable of the research work. 50% of the farmers had low adoption while 40% had medium adoption and 9.80% had high adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation. Among the selected characteristics education, experiences in vegetable cultivation, annual income, innovativeness and training experiences showed significant and positive contribution to their adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation. However, family size and problems confrontation showed the negative significant contribution to adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation of the farmers. Age, farm size, vegetable cultivation knowledge, extension media contact and organizational participation did not show any significant contribution on the adoption of improved practices in vegetable cultivation of the farmers. Adoption of improved vegetable cultivation practices by the farmers will not be possible to improve in a significant extent unless the concerned authorities (like-Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Extension) take proper steps.

To explore association between serum ferritin and severity of sepsis among children, and relate levels to the final outcome.This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between I February and 30 July, 2019. Serum ferritin level was estimated in children (age 6 months to 12 years) suffering from sepsis, irrespective of the probable etiology. Children with hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune diseases, previous blood transfusion, severe acute malnutrition, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and chronic hepatitis were excluded. The ferritin level was measured sequentially at pre-defined stages of illness viz., sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Association between serum ferritin and severity of sepsis was analyzed, and ferritin level was related to the final outcome of death or recovery by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.The study group included 47 children with sepsis who progressed to a state of MODS; 32 recovered from MODS. Significant differences in serum ferritin level were observed with severity of sepsis. There was clear demarcation of ferritin levels between sepsis severity stages. The proportion of death among the 47 MODS cases was 31.9% (95% CI 18.6 - 45.2%). ROC analysis in the MODS group indicated that serum ferritin1994.3 ng/mL predicts mortality (AUC 0.73 [95% CI 0.58-0.85]) with sensitivity 66.7% [95% CI 38.4-88%] and specificity 100.0% [95% CI 89.1-100%].There is clear demarcation of serum ferritin levels that can help differentiation of sepsis severity stages in children with sepsis. There is no such demarcation between survivors and non-survivors in MODS cases.

The toxic metalloid arsenic (As), is a major pollutant of soil and water, imposing severe health concerns on human lives. It enters the food chain mainly through As-contaminated crops. The uptake, translocation and accumulation of As in plant tissue are often controlled by certain soil-inhabiting microbial communities. Among them, indigenous, free-living As-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) plays a pivotal role in As-immobilization. Besides, the plant's inability to withstand As after a threshold level is actively managed by these PGPR increasing As-tolerance in host plants by a synergistic plant-microbe interaction. The dual functionality of As-resistant PGPR i.e., phytostimulation and minimization of As-induced phytotoxic damages are one of the main focal points of this review article. It is known that such PGPR having the functional arsenic-resistant genes (in ars operon) including As-transporters, As-transforming genes contributed to the As accumulation and detoxification/transformation respectively. Apart from assisting in nutrient acquisition and modulating phytohormone levels, As-resistant PGPR also influences the antioxidative defense system in plants by maneuvering multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, they are effective in reducing membrane damage and electrolyte leakage in plant cells. As-induced photosynthetic damage is also found to be salvaged by As-resistant PGPR. Briefly, the eco-physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of As-resistant PGPR are thus elaborated here with regard to the As-exposed crops.

Objectives To determine the burden and etiological factors of leave against medical advice (LAMA) in Indian children. Methodology In this prospective study, legal guardians of 528 patients who took the decision of LAMA were interviewed (using structured question answers based multi-option) and data were captured over a period of 16 months. The resultant database was analyzed using standard statistical methods. Results About 6.12% of childhood LAMA cases were dealt out of total pediatric admission including newborns. Neonatal preponderance noted in cases of LAMA from intensive care unit (ICU; 57.14%, p Conclusions This study tried to elucidate the determinants of childhood LAMA in rural Indian setting.

The principal treatment for active tubotympanic CSOM is meticulous aural toilet and instillation of a topical antimicrobial agent. The aim of the study is to evaluate the current bacteriological profile of active tubotympanic CSOM and the sensitivity pattern to most of the currently available antibiotics. We conducted a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital in the northern part of West Bengal. Patients presenting with active tubotympanic CSOM who did not receive antimicrobial therapy in the last 21 days were included in the study. Middle ear discharge was collected by an ENT specialist under strict aseptic precautions. The isolates were grown on blood agar and identified according to standard microbiological and biochemical methods. The antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates was determined by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Out of total 198 samples the commonest micro-organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (35.86%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.19%). Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin followed by ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly sensitive to polymyxin B followed by meropenem, cefoperazone plus sulbactam, and ciprofloxacin. The present study indicates that there can be a variation in the bacterial aetiologies of CSOM and their sensitivity pattern due to widespread use of antibiotics. Hence it is prudent to conduct periodic evaluation of microbiological pattern and antibiotic sensitivity of CSOM.

Currently, a major curricular reform in the form of competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum is being rolled out across all medical colleges in India. However, it is important to find out and address the concerns of faculty regarding various aspects of this new curriculum.To analyze the concerns of the faculty members of medical colleges in India in response to the changes emerging from the adoption and implementation of the new curriculum through the concerns-based adoption model by applying the stages of concern (SoC) questionnaire.A multicentric, cross-sectional quantitative study involving faculty members currently working in medical colleges and with more than 2 years of teaching experience was conducted using SoC questionnaire (SoCQ). The questionnaire was delivered as Google Form.Of the 744 faculty participants, 41.1% (306) of faculty belonged to the 31-40 years age group followed by the 41-50 years age group (267, 35.9%). Respondents rated their level of concern differently among the seven SoC - percentile scores were highest in Stage 0- awareness (94) and least in Stage 4- consequences (59). An appreciably higher percentile scores were seen at the consequences stage (63 vs. 54), collaboration stage (80 vs. 68), and refocusing stage (77 vs. 69) in those faculty members who were trained in curriculum implementation support program (CISP) compared to the untrained group. However; the SoCQ profiles of CISP trained and untrained faculty were very much similar. SoCQ profiles of holders of advanced training in medical education and non-holders were also the same.Almost after 2 years of well-planned introduction of the CBME curriculum in India, the generalized faculty profile is still suggestive of interested but non-user type for the adoption of CBME. However; compared to untrained faculty, CISP trained faculty is more concerned about the impact of CBME on students, collaborating with colleagues for its proper implementation and exploring more benefits from the implementation of CBME, indicating that more hand-holding is required for faculty development beyond CISP.

Aim And Objective: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education and healthcare systems worldwide. In India, responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education resulted in closures of medical colleges and adoption of online teaching-learning methods, which is challenging for both faculty and students. Rising concerns among students urged to evaluate strength and weakness of ongoing online teaching and learning methods. The objective of the study was to nd out the perceptions of students regarding E-learning during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at IPGME & R Kolkata. A sample size of 600 was calculated. MBBS students of all levels participated in this study. A Google questionnaire was developed and was validated by Medical education unit of the college. The Google questionnaire was mailed to the students. The data was transferred to excel sheet and analysis was done on various parameters to derive descriptive statistics between classroom teaching and online teaching Results: Total 600responses were received. 340 (56.7%) males and 260(43.3%) females participated in the study. 41.7% students use mobile phones as their gadgets for E- learning and 33.3% use laptops followed by desktop (16.7%) and tablet (8.3%) Overall only 10 % students preferred to use only E- learning. 50% students preferred classical didactic learning. And 40% preferred a combination of classical ofine and E - learning as useful method of learning. Conclusions: Students did not prefer E- learning over classroom learning. They admit the usefulness of E -learning. But, classroom learning with rational use of E -learning is preferred by the students.

OBJECTIVE: Hemophilia is a common X-linked recessive coagulopathy causing recurrent bleeding into the synovial joints and results in articular and periarticular abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study aimed at studying the clinico-radiological joint score evaluation in hemophilic arthropathy in children from a developing country and its possible impact on the quality of life. METHODS: In this hospital-based, prospective, descriptive study, all children presenting to the pediatric rheumatology clinic were studied. The joint physical examination was scored using the Hemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 (HJHS 2.1). The patients were then subjected to imaging of the most affected joint using ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Detailed USG and MRI radiological evaluation was recorded in the predesigned proforma using the Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultra Sound (HEAD-US) score and MRI DENVER score. The physical quality of life as per Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH) was noted. The clinical, radiological, and functional scores were analyzed with an appropriate statistical measure. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 7.4 years (interquartile range 4.9–10), with the knee being the most common joint involved. All of the USG score, MRI score, and FISH score have a significant correlation (p

Background: Premature rupture of membrane is the unconstrained break of layer before the beginning of labor and can happen any gestational age even at 42 weeks of growth. Around 2-30 % of all pregnancy will encounter PROM and prompts 33% of preterm birth. The analysis of PROM is to a great extent clinical and is normally proposed by a history of watery vaginal discharge and affirmed on sterile speculum assessment. This examination was led to decide the occurrence, to discover the age, equality dispersion, gestational age dissemination, presentation of PROM and plan the line of the management.Methods: The cases selected in this study were those who had spontaneous rupture of membrane after 28 weeks of gestation but before the onset of labor pain. The study period was of one year from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. The study was conducted in the labor room complex of Coochbehar Govt. Medical College and Hospital, WB India. The patients were admitted in the labor room through emergency. All datas were collected from labor room log book.Results: Total no. of deliveries were 10900 and total no of PROM were 545.Incidence of PROM is 5% in the present study. Maximum no of cases were in the age group between 20-29yr (63%). PROM mainly occurs in primigravida (50.45%). And low rupture of membrane was 91.8%. Cephalic is the commonest presentation (85%) in PROM and the incidence of caesarean section is 24.95%.Conclusions: PROM is the obstetric emergency and once the PROM is diagnosed it is important to weigh the risk of PROM and prematurity and make the right choice of conservative management and active management. If there is chance of maternal morbidity pregnancy should be terminated considering the maternal wellbeing first and then that of the fetus.

Background: β-Thalassemia major is associated with iron overload toxicity. This study was done to investigate lipid profile abnormality in β-Thalassemia major patients and to establish their correlation with serum ferritin. Another motto of this study was to signify deleterious effect of multiple blood transfusion and facilitate to understand how it will affect the lipid profile parameters changes so that we can also prevent early dyslipidemia induced complications like atherogenesis by early detection of lipid profile abnormality and also to establish derangement of lipid profile as an indirect evidence of iron overload.Methods: 102 nos. β-Thalassemia major paediatric patients with multiple blood transfusion (≥10) in age group of 6 to12 years admitted in pediatric ward of tertiary care hospital (NRSMCH) were enrolled. Serum ferritin level and lipid profile were investigated and their correlation were assessed.Results: Among 102 β-Thalassemia major pediatric (6 to 12 years) patients 55.88% were male and 66.67% were Hindu by religion and 69.61% children came from lower socio-economic class. The average value of number of previous blood transfusion was 42.79±7.510. The mean value of serum ferritin was 2263.53±833.904 ng/ml. The average value of serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were 153.84±5.428 mg/dl and 97.16±3.982 mg/dl and 29.45±4.445 mg/dl respectively and their correlation with serum ferritin were negative (r=-0.941 and r=-0.964 and r=-0.751 respectively). Average value of serum triglyceride and VLDL were 206.22±67.407 mg/dl and 36.16±3.385 mg/dl respectively and their correlation with serum ferritin were positive (r=+0.606 and r=+0.973 respectively).Conclusions: There was significant lipid profile derangement. As the serum ferritin level increases, serum total cholesterol, HDL, LDL decreases and serum triglyceride, VLDL level increases.

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has placed additional pressure on doctors and the health-care system in general, and the research shows that extra pressure brings a greater risk of psychological distress. Aims: To study perceived stress levels, burnout, and job satisfaction of doctors and non-medical staff in a medical college of West Bengal during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on 105 doctors (Group A) and 64 non-medical staff (Group B) in Burdwan Medical College after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the subjects. An online semistructured questionnaire was developed, with a consent form attached to it. The specific instruments which were included in the survey were job satisfaction scale, perceived stress scale (PSS), and abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: PSS of Group A was 18.68 ± 4.248 and of Group B was 18.625 ± 4.082; P value: 0.931. There was no significant difference in the perceived stress score between the two groups, but perceived stress scores in both groups were significantly higher than average score. Average score is considered as 13. 44% in Group A had PSS 20 or above and 42% in Group B had PSS 20 or above; P = 0.775 and Chi-square 0.0816. Job satisfaction score in Group A was 36.97 ± 6.32 and Group B was 37.81 ± 4.99; P value: 0.346. In Group A, 22.12% had scores between 42 and 50 (indicates very high job satisfaction); 26.92% had scores between 39 and 41 (high job satisfaction); 36.54% had scores between 32 and 38 (average job satisfaction); 7.69% had scores between 27 and 31 (low job satisfaction); and 7.69% had scores between 10 and 26 (very low job satisfaction). In Group B, 31.25% had scores between 42 and 50 (indicates very high job satisfaction); 18.75% had scores between 39 and 41 (high job satisfaction); 37.5% had scores between 32 and 38 (average job satisfaction); and 12.5% had scores between 27 and 31 (low job satisfaction). PSS was negatively correlated with job satisfaction score in both groups with more negative correlation in Group A as compared to Group B (Group A – r value: −0.21069; Group B – r value: −0.08197); satisfaction with medicine scores was 12.96 ± 3.34; depersonalization scores: 5 ± 2.3; personal accomplishment scores: 12.096 ± 3.457; and emotional exhaustion scores: 6.66 ± 3.42. Conclusions: Doctors as well as non-medical staff perceived high stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, but they were mostly satisfied with their jobs and burnout scores were not alarming.