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Perkembangan pada anak usia dini dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal, faktor eksternal diantaranya penggunaan gadget. Screen time pada anak usia dini tidak boleh lebih dari 1 jam/satu hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak screen time terhadap potensi tantrum dan perkembangan pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif, dengan desain analitik observasional, memanfaatkan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Uji statistik mengimplementasikan analisa Rank Spearman’s. Jumlah sampel merupakan total populasi sebanyak 40 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar DDST dan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian 17 responden berpotensi tantrum, dan 15 responden dengan kategori perkembangan suspect. Analisis uji korelasi didapatkan tingkat korelasi yang kuat, dimana semakin tinggi intensitas screen time, akan meningkatkan potensi tantrum dan keterlambatan perkembangan pada anak usia dini.

The intensive and explosive behavioral problems associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are treated as ‘meltdown or tantrum,’ and it may lead to hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, self-...

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Temper tantrum is an emotional condition related to the behavior of preschool children. Tantrums will be problematic if it’s excessive and even injurious behavior. Several factors caused tantrums such as physiological, psychological, parental and environmental factors.The aim of this study was to analyze the dominant factors between parental factors (parenting, communication, occupation and gender), child factors (gender, education level) and family environmental factors (number of children under five, families living at home) with temper tantrums for pre-school children. . Analytical survey research and cross sectional design. The sample size was 120 parents and pre-school children using cluster random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis used the chi square test, while multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the parenting style was the main predictor related to the temper tantrums of preschool children (pv = 0,001) with an OR= 14.879 controlled by variables of occupation and families live at home.In conclusion authoritarian parenting style causes temper tantrums 14.8 times higher than democratic parenting in pre-school children.

Objectives: Parent management training is an effective treatment for disruptive behavior disorders but it is often underutilized in clinical settings. Access to care is limited due to logistical barriers as well as limited service availability. This study examines in an open trial the acceptability, feasibility, and clinical effects of a digital parent management training intervention that includes videoconference coaching, called “Tantrum Tool.” Methods: Fifteen children, ages 3–9 years, participated in an open trial of an 8-week intervention. The primary symptom measure was the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS), and the secondary outcome measure was the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) completed by the primary caregiver before and after treatment. Results: Treatment retention was high (80%), and parents reported a high level of satisfaction with the program. There was a significant reduction in the mean DBRS score from 13.5 ± 5.5 at baseline to 7.3 ± 3.4 at endpoint, p

We present a program evaluation wherein archival data collected at The Arc of Alachua County (The AArc) was evaluated to determine the effects of a comprehensive treatment package on the management of weight and behavior in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Data from 4 individuals with PWS who participated in The AArc’s Program over a span of 6 years were collected. Data were analyzed in four phases: a descriptive analysis providing a summary of the characteristics of the individuals, a two-tailed paired sample T test to evaluate the change in weight, analyses of behavioral topographies using Wilcoxon’s matched pairs tests, and a calculation of clinical significance using percent-reduction for behavioral topographies inappropriate for statistical analysis due to small sample sizes. Analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in weight, food stealing, tantrum behavior, skin picking, and self-injury. Behavior not included in the statistical analysis due to small sample sizes showed clinically significant reductions. Although the analyses were conducted with archival data, the treatment package implemented in The AArc’s PWS program suggests strong historical evidence to support efficacy in reducing weight, food stealing, and other behavioral topographies. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

One form of emotional expression in the form of explosive anger in children is known as tantrum behaviour, which can be categorized as bad behaviour based on the perspective of some parents. This is very much related to the problem of child despair, which is caused by the way parents are not quite right in responding to tantrums, so the child reacts inappropriately. Parental responses make children increasingly undisciplined, even this provides opportunities for children to find certain ways to get their desires in a negative way. The child's inability to communicate is one aspect of tantrum studies. This communication is more translated as an expression of emotion and better known as tantrum. This article review will discuss temper tantrum behaviour in children along with a review of various theoretical points of view.

“Nadine,” a 10‐year‐old female, was referred by her outpatient psychiatrist to the Bradley Hospital Partial Hospital Program for OCD and Related Disorders (OCD PHP) for intensive treatment of her unusual, dangerous, and obsession‐like interests, combined with frequent, severe, and developmentally inappropriate tantrum outbursts. These symptoms continued to elicit chronically high levels of family distress and impairment, despite years of interdisciplinary treatments. Nadine expressed a fascination with sharp objects, including knives. Her verbal and nonverbal behaviors reflected her experience of feeling compelled to interact with sharp objects, placing her parents in a constant state of “high‐alert” risk monitoring and management. Her fixations and unsafe behaviors had previously resulted in multiple hospitalizations to remove objects that she “could not resist” swallowing or pressing into her ears. Nadine's ongoing high risk of harm to herself, parents, and peers required constant monitoring at home and at her therapeutic school. Additionally, these and co‐occurring symptoms led Nadine's parents to engage in extremely high levels of accommodation, in which they modified their own behaviors and family lifestyle in attempts to reduce Nadine's distress and circumvent her unsafe behaviors and tantrum outbursts. For example, they removed sharp objects from Nadine's immediate environment, both in and out of their home, and at times avoided entering otherwise safe and positive environments because of potential exposure to sharps, such as going out to stores, restaurants, or peer playdates.

The Autism Treatment Center in Malang City applies structured teaching-learning methods, namely the TEACCH approach (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) with four essential components: physical structure, schedule, work system, and visual structure. The four components are interrelated with each other so that the goal of helping the development of autistic children can be achieved. The physical structure is the first step to encourage the interest of autistic children. An excellent physical arrangement of space can minimize the tantrum effect of autistic children. Thus, this paper aims to research the space for autistic children with the TEACCH approach. This study used behavioral mapping in the form of person-centered mapping, place centered mapping, and physical trace that aims to determine the pattern of activity, furniture layout, and trace activities of autistic children during therapy activities. The results show the motion space mapping of autistic children.

Irritability is a substrate of more than one dozen clinical syndromes. Thus, identifying when it is atypical and interfering with functioning is crucial to the prevention of mental disorder in the earliest phase of the clinical sequence. Advances in developmentally based measurement of irritability have enabled differentiation of normative irritable mood and tantrums from indicators of concern, beginning in infancy. However, developmentally sensitive assessments of irritability-related impairment are lacking. We introduce the Early Childhood Irritability-Related Impairment Interview (E-CRI), which assesses impairment associated with irritable mood and tantrums across contexts. Reliability and validity are established across two independent samples varied by developmental period: the Emotional Growth preschool sample (EmoGrow; N = 151, M = 4.82 years) and the When to Worry infant/toddler sample (W2W; N = 330, M = 14 months). We generated a well-fitting two-factor E-CRI model, with tantrum- and irritable mood-related impairment factors. The E-CRI exhibited good interrater, test–retest, and longitudinal reliability. Construct and clinical validity were also demonstrated. In both samples, E-CRI factors showed association to internalizing and externalizing problems, and to caregiver-reported concern in W2W. Tantrum-related impairment demonstrated stronger and more consistent explanatory value across outcomes, while mood-related impairment added explanatory utility for internalizing problems. The E-CRI also showed incremental utility beyond variance explained by the Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS) survey indicator of developmental impairment. The E-CRI holds promise as an indicator of impairment to inform identification of typical versus atypical patterns reflecting early emerging irritability-related syndromes in the initial phase of the clinical sequence.

2019 "The Relationship of Parenting to Temper Tantrum Behavior Children 3-5 Years Old in PAUD Mawar FKIP Unpatti" Department of Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Pattimura University Ambon. Tantrums (or temper tantrums) are emotional outbursts, usually associated with children or people in emotional distress, which are usually characterized by stubbornness, crying, screaming, screaming, screaming, insubordination, ranting angry, angry, resistance to efforts to calm and, in some cases, violence. Physical control can be lost, the person may not be able to remain silent, and even if the person's "goals" are fulfilled he may remain uneasy. This research was carried out at PAUD Mawar FKIP Unpatti. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of parenting to the incidence of temper tantrums in children aged 3-5 years in PAUD Mawar Unpatti. Research using a quantitative approach emphasizes its analysis on numerical data that is processed by statistical methods. The results of the analysis using the Chi Square statistical test with the SPSS program version 16.0 obtained ρ = 0.001

Tantrum in children is one of the most critical parenting problems and cannot be ignored. If neglected, it can have an impact on the children's unpreparedness in adapting to their environment. Parents must properly do handling tantrums in children. It will happen when parents have good parenting skills. Parents' parenting skills need to be increasing. It is necessary to provide training, a Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based parenting program with mobile training program assistant. This research is conducted using quasi-experimental analysis. The population in this study is all parents in Malang City who have children with tantrum problems. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling technique with the criteria of parents who have children aged three years with tantrum problems that show verbal and physical behaviour. The research instrument consisted of a set of parenting skill and tantrum questionnaires for children with the help of the Mobile Training Program and without the Mobile Training Program.

The affordance of Augmented Reality (AR) allows users to view the virtual objects along with real world simultaneously, which provides more realistic and immersive experiences to interact with them. In this paper, we propose to integrate data with different modalities (such as animation, audio, and user behavior data) to generate a realistic child avatar in the AR environment that is responsive to the user's behaviors. The proposed framework has three components: avatar interaction system, avatar action control system, and avatar display system. The avatar interaction system leverages user behavior data to allow for reasonable interactions of the avatar, the avatar action control system integrates actions and audio data to generate realistic avatar actions, and the avatar display system presents the avatar to the user via the AR interface. Furthermore, a child tantrum management training application is implemented based on the proposed system to allow users to experience child tantrum and learn how to respond and manage different child tantrum situations. The application based on our system can run in real-time with an average of 93.41 fps. Based on the qualitative evaluation, the simulated child avatar has shown to be realistic enough and is able to respond to the user's gaze instantly in the AR environment. The action, reaction, treatment, and mitigation of the child avatar behavior among different tantrum levels in the avatar action controller are accurately represented through the clinical evaluation experiences from pediatricians and trained psychologists.

Unsurprisingly, most of the literature on the origins of the ANZUS alliance examines why the treaty came into existence in 1951, emphasising the role of John Foster Dulles, President Truman’s Speci...

El evento conocido como Taper Tantrum está relacionado con la alta volatilidad ocurrida en los mercados de capitales de Estados Unidos entre abril y junio de 2013, lo que aparentemente fue consecuencia de un conjunto de anuncios de la FED destinados a incrementar la tasa de interés estando a niveles relativamente bajos desde las crisis financieras de 2008-2009. La presente investigación estima el valor esperado del nivel de las tasas de interés (T-Note de 10 años) de un agente representativo y sus variaciones significativas en torno al Taper Tantrum. Para lograr ese objetivo se estima la densidad neutral-al-riesgo de la tasa de interés extraída de los precios de las opciones, la cual tiene información implícita sobre las expectativas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la metodología propuesta mide implícitamente las expectativas en el mercado de deuda. La hipótesis del trabajo es que los anuncios de los formuladores de políticas durante el Taper Tantrum tienen un efecto estadísticamente significativo en los mercados de capital.

The purpose of this study was to create a reliable, quick and easy to administer screening measure of violence exposure and trauma for children from infancy through age 7. In a sample of 6,676 children, caregivers completing a 22-item screener reported nearly one out of five youth had been exposed as witness or victim to at least one kind of violence. For trauma, caregivers reported that their children had trouble going to sleep at least sometimes (15.83%), had cried or had a tantrum to exhaustion (15.61%) and had difficulty concentrating or focusing (15.55%). Analyses showed reliable internal consistency for violence exposure (.74) and trauma (.85) scales. Factor analyses revealed a single trauma factor and two violence exposure factors, witnessing and victimization. These data provide support for a brief screening measure for trauma and violence exposure in children from birth through age seven that can be administered by minimally trained staff in public systems and community-based agencies who can then refer children and families to necessary assessment and treatment services.

Temper Tantrum is an uncontrolled emotional outflow in children, which often occurs in preschool children. The lack of understanding of teachers and parents in dealing with children with temper tantrum can result in unfavorable to the child's psychological development. Provision of appropriate information and skills on handling temper tantrums through cooperative game therapy to students, teachers and parents, is considered as an effort to prevent or minimize the appearance of temper tantrums. The purpose of this activity is the high participation of students in cooperative games and increasing the knowledge of teachers and parents of students about handling children with temper tantrums through cooperative games. The method used is screening knowledge about temper tantrums, then the implementation of cooperative game training is 2 meetings. The result of this service activity is that all students participate in cooperative games. Besides the participants' knowledge (teachers and parents), at the time of the pretest knowledge was 40% less, 35% Fair and 25% Good and at the posttest knowledge was 5% Less, 35% Fair and 65% Good. Thus it can be concluded there is an increase in the knowledge of participants to a large extent good. Thus through community service, the participants are expected to be able to carry out prevention of Temper tantrum properly.

Schizophrenia is a person who has a psychiatric problem, or a disturbed personality such as thoughts, feelings, hearing, emotions, language, delusions, and behavior that is not in accordance with other normal humans. Reason If the disease is not treated it will cause adverse effects and endanger the patient, family, and society because they can behave like a tantrum, act as they please, destroying goods or patients will hurt others even themselves. Factors studied were family support, age, and adherence to taking medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause recurrence in schizophrenic patients in the Catholic Cl Schizophrenia is a person who has a psychiatric problem, or a disturbed personality such as thoughts, feelings, hearing, emotions, language, delusions, and behavior that is not in accordance with other normal humans. Reason If the disease is not treated it will cause adverse effects and endanger the patient, family, and society because they can behave like a tantrum, act as they please, destroying goods or patients will hurt others even themselves. Factors studied were family support, age, and adherence to taking medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause recurrence in schizophrenic patients in the Catholic Clinic of H.Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Regency of Bulukumba. The research design uses analytical design with cross sectional approach. The population in the study were all schizophrenic patients who had schizophrenia accompanied by a family for 1 month at the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Bulukumba obtained data from January-March as many as 135 people, with sampling techniques using non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study were 57 respondents. Data obtained through questionnaires made by researchers to respondents. Data analysis using Fisher's alternative Chis-quare test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of data analysis showed age variables p = 0.032, family support p = 0.005, and medication adherence variables p = 0.025. Conclusion that there is a relationship between age, family support, medication adherence to the recurrence of schizophrenia in the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja in Bulukumba District in 2018. Suggestion expected This research can be used as additional knowledge to reduce the frequency of recurrence of schizophrenic patients. inic of H.Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Regency of Bulukumba. The research design uses analytical design with cross sectional approach. The population in the study were all schizophrenic patients who had schizophrenia accompanied by a family for 1 month at the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja Bulukumba obtained data from January-March as many as 135 people, with sampling techniques using non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study were 57 respondents. Data obtained through questionnaires made by researchers to respondents. Data analysis using Fisher's alternative Chis-quare test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of data analysis showed age variables p = 0.032, family support p = 0.005, and medication adherence variables p = 0.025. Conclusion that there is a relationship between age, family support, medication adherence to the recurrence of schizophrenia in the mental clinic of H. Andi Sulthan Hospital Dg. Radja in Bulukumba District in 2018. Suggestion expected This research can be used as additional knowledge to reduce the frequency of recurrence of schizophrenic patients.

Background While autistic temper tantrums during preschool age are a common challenging behavior, it is unknown whether they are qualitatively and quantitatively different from those arising in other neurodevelopmental conditions. Method Tantrum frequency, duration, triggering factors, behavioral components, parental responses and parental perception of their impact on functioning were collected in 48 autistic spectrum (AS) preschoolers and in 47 preschoolers with other neurodevelopmental conditions, aged from 2 to 5 years. Results The AS group had more frequent tantrums with no identifiable triggers, a higher proportion of tantrums triggered by communication problems and in the context of demands, and their parents were more likely to give in to their demands in response to tantrums. No other group differences in terms of frequency, duration, perceived impact, triggers, modulators and behaviors were found. Conclusion This study did not find an increased frequency of tantrums at a preschool age in youth with and without an AS diagnosis. Further research should now consider if autistic tantrums differ from that of typically developing peers.

This research project uses both critical theory and Michel Foucault’s concept of power to analyze a read-aloud children’s picture book titled The Tantrum that Saved the World. Published in 2017 by World Saving Books, the e-version’s 64 colorfully illustrated pages tell of a little girl who stares down the climate crisis, channeling tantrum power into positive action. Equally important, the analysis brings media literacy into dialogue with powerful discursive practices that cannot take hold in the absence of critical theorizing.

This paper explores a common tension for parents and teachers working with young children – the tantrum. Building on practitioner-inquiry methodologies, I engaged in a living inquiry into my practices as a parent, with the initial goal of reducing or preferably eliminating my son’s angry outbursts. Frustrated with approaches informed by theories often applied within early learning contexts to address tantrums, including behavioural, attachment and self-regulation, I turned to new materiality theories, which provide a novel approach in understanding the socio-material constitution of subjectivities, emotions, and relationships. Within this assemblage, tantrums were reconfigured as a doing of emotions, occurring in the spaces in/between bodies, rather than an individual act of defiance. Through this inquiry, I shifted from a position of trying to intervene from the outside to eliminate, control or manage my son’s tantrums to a place of ‘intra-acting from within’ and journeying with. My parental inquiry became a site to continuously work and rework everyday life and participate in the creative practice of world making. Although the tantrums, which we came to know as Mad I’m mad, continued, the connection among and between my son and I shifted, often in positive and enduring ways. I came to understand parental inquiry as a practice of ‘wayfaring,’ where the focus is on the journey rather than the destination. These stories may ‘trace a path’ for other parents and educators as they participate within their own affective and embodied entanglements, creating new possibilities for teaching and learning relationships.

Due to the pandemic, children are undergoing many changes in their daily lives.We analyzed how parents perceive the effects of the contingency on their children through an online survey shared by digital media for 7 days.We obtained 4000 responses. The most frequent difficulty of the children was online homeschooling (30.4%), followed by sleeping disorders (20.3%). The use of screens increased 30-80% in over 65% of children. Tantrum was detected in 34% and mood swings in 30% of children. The majority of parents (77.8%) considered that distance education does not guarantee children's education and that the level of learning acquired through online classes is not the same as that of face-to-face education (83.5%). In contrast, 70.6% of parents considered that it is not yet time to reopen schools, 78.8% believed that there is sufficient evidence to keep them closed, and 45% indicated that it is better not to return to campus this year. Regarding activities to improve mental health during the contingency, 51.3% have created home games, and 23.6% perform physical activity. However, 74.4% do not have the peace of mind to restart daily life. Among the positive aspects of the contingency, adaptability (35%) and family union (33.5%) were reported.Health professionals in contact with children must be prepared for the problems that this contingency is generating and sensitize parents to observe their children and seek professional help on any alarm data on the emotional or behavioral state of the child.Debido a la pandemia, la población infantil ha experimentado cambios en varios aspectos de su vida cotidiana.Se analizó la percepción de los padres con respecto a los efectos de la contingencia en sus hijos a través de una encuesta en línea compartida por medios digitales durante 7 días.Se obtuvieron 4000 respuestas. La dificultad más frecuente a la que se enfrentan los niños en la pandemia son las clases en línea en casa (30.4%), seguida de problemas para dormir (20.3%). Se identificó un incremento en el uso de pantallas del 30-80% en más del 65% de los niños. Se detectaron berrinches en el 34% y cambios de humor en el 30% de los niños. La mayoría de los padres (77.8%) consideraron que la educación a distancia no garantiza la educación de los niños, y que el nivel de aprendizaje de las clases en línea no es igual que el de las clases presenciales (83.5%). Por otro lado, el 70.6% de los padres opinaron que no es momento para abrir los colegios, el 78.8% indicaron que existe evidencia para mantenerlos cerrados y el 45% consideraron que es mejor no regresar este año al plantel. En cuanto a actividades para mejorar la salud mental en la contingencia, el 51.3% han creado juegos en casa y el 23.6% realizan actividad física. Sin embargo, el 74.4% no tienen tranquilidad para reiniciar su vida cotidiana. Dentro de las cosas positivas de la contingencia, se reportó adaptabilidad (35%) y unión familiar (33.5%).Los profesionales de la salud en contacto con niños deben estar preparados para los problemas generados por esta contingencia y sensibilizar a los padres para observar a sus hijos y solicitar ayuda si detectan datos de alarma del estado emocional o conductual del niño.

The aim of this study was to distract the tantrum of the patient with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Children with tantrums disturbed others and even the children themselves, as well as the activities they were doing. From this condition, we attempted to divert the tantrums of the children with ASD by using percussion instruments. The use of musical instruments is an effective method to redirect the behavior intended to be changed since musical instruments are interesting and pleasing objects for children suffering from ASD. Owing to the matter, music and its instruments have a chance to be utilized in diverting the behavior of ASD children. This experiment by single subject design ABA took a single subject of ASD which was 7 years old. The musical instruments applied are five percussions which are tambourine, glockenspiel, tifa, maracas, and bell. The result showed that the subject throwing tantrums are hardly managed in the first baseline. It was supported by the mean baseline, which is 7.3 min, whereas the average result in treatment showed 2.3 min. It revealed that the time span of the subject’s response in treatment was less than in the baseline. However, in the treatment phase, the subject’s behavior was distracted. It occurred because the subject seemed interested and enthusiastic as playing the percussions. The treatment also increased the cognitive aspect of the subject, focusing on ongoing activities. The subject could play bell based on the therapist’s instruction and holding on to it until 15 min. The percussion instrument was able to improve the subject’s focus on playing bell and distract the tantrum.

The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred has resulted in changes in several aspects of human life, including education and therapy. The closure of therapy and school is enough to make parents who have special needs children worry about their child's development. As a result, many special need children developments are slowing down or even stooped. Even a lot of them are addicted to gadget because they cannot be asked to do other activities and they also feeling bored at home. So eventually, many parents give gadget to their children so that they can be controlled. Their children also expressing tantrum if they are not given gadget to play. Parents are hoping that during the pandemic, in which they have to stay home long enough, they can also help their children and see the significant development of their children. A natural way that can aid the brain become actively re-integrated is by activation of the nerves. Nerve activation is a consolidation of an assortment of simple movements and light massage integrated into the head and inside the mouth. This movement and massage can be executed passively or actively. Some of this nerve activation movement is simple and can be consummated at home. Massage at home can only be done to patients that had been nerve activated before in the clinic before the pandemic occur. The categories of patients in this case are aged 3 to 5 years, experiencing speech delays and concentration disorders, have never tried any therapy. Parents can see significant progress in their children as long as they perform routine massage every day with duration of 30 minutes. Significant developments are seen in several areas: self-controls, concentration, language, academic understanding and socialization.

Background: The children with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) are known to exhibit different types of problem behaviors and significant limitations in their day to day age appropriate activities and adaptive behaviors. All parents of children with ID are not alike. They hold different personality traits, which are responsible for their behavioral expression. Therefore personality traits of the parents of children with ID have significant impact on the development of problem behavior of their children, Aims and objective: Hence the present study was conducted with the sole purpose of (1) to examine the types of problem behavior shown by the children with ID having different categories of ID and (2) to identify the types of the personality traits holds by the parents of children with different categories of ID (3) to examine the relationship between the personality traits of the parents and expression of problem behaviors of the children with ID. Hypothesis: • There is no significant difference in Problem Behaviors exhibited by children with different levels of ID. • There is no significant difference in Personality traits of parents having children with different levels of ID. Methodology: Sample: Sample consists of 45 parents (either father or mother) who have children with mild, moderate or severe level of ID and must exhibit the problem behaviors. Equal numbers of parents were chosen in all three groups through purposive sampling techniques. Research design: This is the cross sectional study where the impact of different types of problem behaviors exhibited by the children having different categories of ID was examined over the different personality traits of the parents. Variables: The independent variables are the different types of problem behaviors exhibited by the children with ID having different categories of ID and the dependent variable is the personality traits of the parents having children with ID. Research tools: Socio-demographic data were collected on the revised version of the NIMH Socio Economic Status (SES) Scale (NIMH, 1999). Problem behaviors were assessed by using Behavioral Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC-MR) Part- B developed by Peshawaria, & Venkatesan, 1992. It measures ten types of problem behavior commonly found in children with ID. Personality traits of the parents were assessed by using Sixteen Personality Factors (16PF) questionnaire, developed by Cattell, 1967 &Kapoor, 1978. Statistical Analysis of data: Obtained data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and F-test. Software SPSS version 17.0 was used for statistical treatment of data. Result: Result indicates that violent and destructive behavior (F = 13.17), self-injurious behavior (F =10.41), and repetitive behavior (6.69) was found significant on 0.01 levels, whereas temper tantrum behavior (F= 4.67) and rebellious behavior (F = 3.62) was also found significant at 0.05 levels. These five types of problem behavior is present in ascending order in all three groups of children with ID (Mild, moderate and severe levels of ID). These problem behaviors are closely related to the parent’s personality traits of I (Sensitivity) (chi-square = 9.82, significant at 0.05 level) and Q1 (Openness to change) (chi-square = 11.58, significant at 0.05 level). Children of such parents were involving more in problem behavior. Those problem behaviors which was not found significant were misbehavior with others (F = 1.88), odd behavior (F=0.46), hyperactive behavior (F=0.48), antisocial behavior (F= 2.33), and fears (F= 2.25).

The global burden of disease depicts that by the year 2020, childhood neuropsychiatric disorders will increase by more than 50% internationally to become one of the five most common causes of morbidity and disability among children. Identifying them early and treating them would reduce the burden of this disorder and may help in the better treatment of the co-morbid conditions in these patients. The research approach was used is quasi-experimental research design one group pre-test and post-test. The target population for the study was primary school teachers. The total samples under the study were 60 primary school teachers. The data was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire which was designed to assess the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder and temper tantrum. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings related to the assessment of pre-test knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder and temper tantrum shows that 5 (8.3%) teachers had inadequate and 7 (11.6%) teachers had adequate and 48 (80%) had the moderate knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder and temper tantrum. Findings related to the assessment of post-test knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder and temper tantrum shows that 45 (75%) teachers had adequate knowledge, 10 (16.6%) teachers had the moderate knowledge and 5 (8.3%) teachers had inadequate knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder and temper tantrum. Findings related to the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder and temper tantrum among primary school teachers depicts that, enhancement between the pre-test and post-test was 7.1 and obtained paired ‘t’ test value was 21.5, it was highly significant at level less than 0.05. This shows the effectiveness of structured teaching program. Chi-square test revealed that there was a statistically significant association between knowledge of primary school teachers with their demographic variables.

Rebecca Schrag Hershberg, founder of Little House Calls Psychological Services, taught in the Department of Pediatrics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. She specializes i...

Growth and development, especially in children, sometimes impaired either before birth or after birth. Developmental disorders in children one of which is a developmental disorder behavior. Autism is one of irregularities in development since infancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of parents' parenting autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta and analyze the relationship between foster parents with autistic children in special schools tantrums Agca Center Surakarta. The result is expected to increase the knowledge and contribute to the parties involved in this research about the types of parenting parents the right to their children, especially to children dishabilitas, such as autistic children. This study design using correlational, which examines the relationship between variables. Method is a cross sectional approach. The population in this study are all autistic children in SLB Agca Center Surakarta numbered 34 children. The sample in this study were students with autism SLB Agca Center Surakarta totaling 34 children. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using univariate and bivariate analysis aimed to test the hypothesis or testing a relationship between parenting parents with an autistic child temper tantrums in SLB Agca Center Surakarta. The results showed that parents' parenting of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category of good, and the trend parenting democratic show that autistic children at SLB Agca Center Surakarta has temper tantrums low and temper tantrums of children autism in SLB Agca Center Surakarta included in the category are low, this indicates that the planting of education in SLB Agca Center Surakarta quite successful. There is a correlation between parenting system and temper tantrum of children with Autism Syndrom Disorder in Agca Center Surakarta.

Purpose A good understanding of children's emotions, activities, and needs should be promoted. This study assessed temper tantrum behaviour, including frequency, severity, duration, common behaviours, reasons, locations, contexts, and parent's strategies, among Jordanian children aged 24–48 months. Design and methods A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study. A non-probability convenience sample was adopted to recruit 213 parents of children aged between 24 months to 48 months. All parents completed the Parents' Experience of Temper Tantrums in Children's questionnaire. Results Findings showed that about half of the children experienced weekly tantrums, however, half of the parents reported that mild tantrums were exhibited by their youngsters, with an average duration of minutes. The most frequently reported tantrum behaviour was ‘screaming or shouting’. “Seeking attention” was the most frequent reason and most tantrums occurred when visiting someone else's home. Unfamiliar situations were the most commonly associated with tantrum episodes. The main strategies used by parents to lessen their child's tantrums were first, stating a consequence (e.g., timeout), and secondly, ignoring the behaviour. Conclusions The results draw attention to significant aspects of tantrums, such as the duration, where children managed to maintain a tantrum episode for more than seven minutes on average. Tantrum behaviours, reasons, locations, context, and parents' strategies to control tantrums were significant in developing proper interv entions. Practice implications The findings of this study are of practical use in equipping parents and caregivers with the appropriate strategies to enable them to halt tantrums among children.

This study aims to determine the development of tantrum children and parental guidance in tackling Tantrum Children in Kuripan Utara Village, Kuripan Lobar District. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a case study approach. The subject of this study is the parents of children who have the behaviour of tantrums and their neighbours. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation. The data analysis techniques are used, namely through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Check the validity of the data by increasing perseverance and using source triangulation. The fndings of this study, namely the development of tantrum children in Kuripan Utara Village, have several developments including (a) physical development, (b) emotional development, (c) cognitive development, (d) social development. While the fndings of parental guidance in dealing with tantrum children are (a) moving to another place, (b) distracting the child, (c) talking softly to the child. In this parent’s guidance, the connection with the theory can produce children who will be spared from deviant behaviour when they are big.

One of schizophrenia symptoms is tantrum; to hurt people and environment, it is done to express resentment or anger which is not constructive. Anger is an aggravation which emerges as a response to anxiety or unfulfilled need and perceived as a threat. This research aims to analyze the relation between REBT (Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy) and the ability to control anger to schizophrenics in UPT Bina Laras Kras Kediri. Research design uses observational analytic with crossectional approach. The population is all schizophrenics in UPT Bina Laras Kras Kediri, the sampling technique used is purposive sampling by getting 13 respondents, the data collection used are REBT questionnaire and observation sheet of the ability to control anger. Data analysis uses Chi-Square with p value 0,001 < ɑ 0,05 means there is a relation between REBT application and the ability to control anger to schizophrenia patients in UPT Bina Laras Kras Kediri.

We show that currency networks in cross-border bank lending have a significant impact on the size, distribution, and direction of international monetary policy spillovers. Utilizing a novel dataset, we map the major currency networks in international banking and show that the US dollar dominates at the global level. Next, we provide evidence that during the 2013 Fed taper tantrum, the degree of exposure to US dollar lending had a significant impact on cross-border bank lending growth. Most notably, it had a strong negative impact on cross-border flows to emerging markets.

Temper tantrums are part of the normal course of development occurring most commonly in toddlers. There is a chance that these tantrums can become pathological, more so in case of dysfunctional family dynamics. And as it happens in the context of family, it can become a “family problem” as well. Early identification of abnormal tantrum behaviour and interventions directed to help parents handle these tantrums can prevent their long-term adverse consequences. The focus of this article is on why temper tantrums occur, what elements constitute a tantrum, stages through which they progress and simple methods of handling tantrums. It is done with the help of an example and some illustrations that can be useful in psychoeducation to families about tantrum behaviour.

Tantrum temperature is a burst of emotions that are explosive and uncontrolled and often appear in children aged 15 months to 6 years. Tantrums are characterized by crying, shouting and violent or aggressive body movements such as throwing things, rolling on the floor, banging your head and stamping your feet on the floor. The way parents take care of children plays a role in tantrums. Another study at Northwestern Feinberg in 2012, based on a survey of nearly 1500 parents, this study found that 84% of children aged 2-5 years vent their frustrations by raging in the past month and 8.6% of them have daily tantrums which is precisely if it happens every day is not normal. Whereas in Indonesia, toddlers who usually experience this within one year, 23-83% of children aged 2-4 years have experienced temper tantrums. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of parenting parents with the incidence of temper tantrums in preschool children (ages 3 to 6 years) in PAUD Puspa Bangsa Bogor City. This study uses a descriptive analysis research design. The population of this research is all parents who have pre school children (aged 3 to 6 years) located in PAUD Puspa Bangsa Bogor, with the sample are 60 respondents and the researcher using total sampling techniques. Then, the data collection are using interview techniques at the preliminary study stage and questionnaires at the research site. The data analysis using Chi Square. In conlcusion, the results of the study showed that parenting in the PAUD PuspaBangsa Bogor is positive parenting it is reached as 32 or 53% of parents while negative parenting as much as 28 or 47% of parents. And for the occurrence of temper tantrums, 27 or 45% of children experience temper tantrums and 33 or 55% of children do nottemper tantrums. The results showed there was no relationship between parenting style with the incidence of temper tantrums in preschool children (aged 3 to 6 years) in Puspa Bangsa PAUD Bogor, α (0.05) and p value of 0.446.