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2. Functional Integral in terms of the Field Strength: An Approach to Chiral Symmetry Breaking

Author

Tanimura, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The chiral symmetry breaking in the 4-dimensional QED with the chirally invariant four-fermion interaction is discussed by using a novel path integral expression in terms of the field-strength tensor. In the local potential approximation, we find that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken for any nonzero gauge and four-fermion couplings on the tree level of an auxiliary field $\sigma$. The present approach allows us to easily include higher orders of the gauge coupling so that the effective potential up to the sixth order is obtained., Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures

Published
1999
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3. Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model Coupled to Constant Electromagnetic Fields in D-Dimension

Author

Ishi-i, M., Kashiwa, T., and Tanimura, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Critical dynamics of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, coupled to a constant electromagnetic field in D=2, 3, and 4, is reconsidered from a viewpoint of infrared behavior and vacuum instability. The latter is associated with constant electric fields and cannot be avoidable in the nonperturbative framework obtained through the proper time method. As for magnetic fields, an infrared cut-off is essential to investigate the critical phenomena. The result reconfirms the fact that the critical coupling in D=3 and 4 goes to zero even under an infinitesimal magnetic field. There also shows that a non-vanishing $F_{\mu\nu}\widetilde F^{\mu\nu}$ causes instability. A perturbation with respect to external fields is adopted to investigate critical quantities, but the resultant asymptotic expansion excellently matches with the exact value., Comment: 27 pages, 17 figure files, LaTeX

Published
1997
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4. Critical Couplings in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model with the Constant Electromagnetic Fields

Author

Ishi-i, M., Kashiwa, T., and Tanimura, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A detailed analysis is performed for the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model coupled with constant (external) magnetic and/or electric fields in two, three, and four dimensions. The infrared cut-off is essential for a well-defined functional determinant by means of the proper time method. Contrary to the previous observation, the critical coupling remains nonzero even in three dimensions. It is also found that the asymptotic expansion has an excellent matching with the exact value., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure files, LaTeX

Published
1997

5. Gauge Independence in terms of the Functional Integral

Author

Kashiwa, T. and Tanimura, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Among various approaches in proving gauge independence, models containing an explicit gauge dependence are convenient. The well-known example is the gauge parameter in the covariant gauge fixing which is of course most suitable for the perturbation theory but a negative metric prevents us from imaging a dynamical picture. Noncovariant gauge such as the Coulomb gauge is on the contrary used for many physical situations. Therefore it is desirable to include both cases. More than ten years ago, Steinmann introduced a function (distribution) which can play this role in his attempt on discussing quantum electrodynamics (QED) in terms of the gauge invariant fields solely. The method is, however, broken down in the covariant case: the invariant operators are ill-defined because of 1/p^2 singularity in the Minkowski space. In this paper, we apply his function to the path integral: utilizing the arbitrariness of the function we first restrict it to be able to have a well- defined operator, and then a Hamiltonian with which we can build up the (Euclidean) path integral formula. Although the formula is far from covariant, a full covariant expression is recovered by reviving the components which have been discarded under the construction of the Hamiltonian. There is no pathological defects contrary to the operator formalism. With the aid of the path integral formula, the gauge independence of the free energy as well as the S-matrix is proved. Moreover the reason is clarified why it is so simple and straightforward to argue gauge transformations in the path integral. Discussions on the quark confinement is also presented., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure files, LaTeX

Published
1996
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10. SBML Level 3: an extensible format for the exchange and reuse of biological models

Author

Keating, S, Waltemath, D, König, M, Zhang, F, Dräger, A, Chaouiya, C, Bergmann, F, Finney, A, Gillespie, C, Helikar, T, Hoops, S, Malik-Sheriff, R, Moodie, S, Moraru, I, Myers, C, Naldi, A, Olivier, B, Sahle, S, Schaff, J, Smith, L, Swat, M, Thieffry, D, Watanabe, L, Wilkinson, D, Blinov, M, Begley, K, Faeder, J, Gómez, H, Hamm, T, Inagaki, Y, Liebermeister, W, Lister, A, Lucio, D, Mjolsness, E, Proctor, C, Raman, K, Rodriguez, N, Shaffer, C, Shapiro, B, Stelling, J, Swainston, N, Tanimura, N, Wagner, J, Meier-Schellersheim, M, Sauro, H, Palsson, B, Bolouri, H, Kitano, H, Funahashi, A, Hermjakob, H, Doyle, J, Hucka, M, Adams, R, Allen, N, Angermann, B, Antoniotti, M, Bader, G, Červený, J, Courtot, M, Cox, C, Dalle Pezze, P, Demir, E, Denney, W, Dharuri, H, Dorier, J, Drasdo, D, Ebrahim, A, Eichner, J, Elf, J, Endler, L, Evelo, C, Flamm, C, Fleming, R, Fröhlich, M, Glont, M, Gonçalves, E, Golebiewski, M, Grabski, H, Gutteridge, A, Hachmeister, D, Harris, L, Heavner, B, Henkel, R, Hlavacek, W, Hu, B, Hyduke, D, Jong, H, Juty, N, Karp, P, Karr, J, Kell, D, Keller, R, Kiselev, I, Klamt, S, Klipp, E, Knüpfer, C, Kolpakov, F, Krause, F, Kutmon, M, Laibe, C, Lawless, C, Li, L, Loew, L, Machne, R, Matsuoka, Y, Mendes, P, Mi, H, Mittag, F, Monteiro, P, Natarajan, K, Nielsen, P, Nguyen, T, Palmisano, A, Jean-Baptiste, P, Pfau, T, Phair, R, Radivoyevitch, T, Rohwer, J, Ruebenacker, O, Saez-Rodriguez, J, Scharm, M, Schmidt, H, Schreiber, F, Schubert, M, Schulte, R, Sealfon, S, Smallbone, K, Soliman, S, Stefan, M, Sullivan, D, Takahashi, K, Teusink, B, Tolnay, D, Vazirabad, I, Kamp, A, Wittig, U, Wrzodek, C, Wrzodek, F, Xenarios, I, Zhukova, A, Zucker, J, Keating, SM, Bergmann, FT, Gillespie, CS, Malik-Sheriff, RS, Moodie, SL, Moraru, II, Myers, CJ, Olivier, BG, Schaff, JC, Smith, LP, Swat, MJ, Wilkinson, DJ, Blinov, ML, Faeder, JR, Gómez, HF, Hamm, TM, Lister, AL, Proctor, CJ, Shaffer, CA, Shapiro, BE, Sauro, HM, Doyle, JC, Adams, RR, Allen, NA, Angermann, BR, Bader, GD, Cox, CD, Denney, WS, Evelo, CT, Fleming, RM, Harris, LA, Heavner, BD, Hlavacek, WS, Hyduke, DR, Karp, PD, Karr, JR, Kell, DB, Loew, LM, Monteiro, PT, Natarajan, KN, Nielsen, PM, Phair, RD, Rohwer, JM, Ruebenacker, OA, Sealfon, SC, Stefan, MI, Sullivan, DP, Keating, S, Waltemath, D, König, M, Zhang, F, Dräger, A, Chaouiya, C, Bergmann, F, Finney, A, Gillespie, C, Helikar, T, Hoops, S, Malik-Sheriff, R, Moodie, S, Moraru, I, Myers, C, Naldi, A, Olivier, B, Sahle, S, Schaff, J, Smith, L, Swat, M, Thieffry, D, Watanabe, L, Wilkinson, D, Blinov, M, Begley, K, Faeder, J, Gómez, H, Hamm, T, Inagaki, Y, Liebermeister, W, Lister, A, Lucio, D, Mjolsness, E, Proctor, C, Raman, K, Rodriguez, N, Shaffer, C, Shapiro, B, Stelling, J, Swainston, N, Tanimura, N, Wagner, J, Meier-Schellersheim, M, Sauro, H, Palsson, B, Bolouri, H, Kitano, H, Funahashi, A, Hermjakob, H, Doyle, J, Hucka, M, Adams, R, Allen, N, Angermann, B, Antoniotti, M, Bader, G, Červený, J, Courtot, M, Cox, C, Dalle Pezze, P, Demir, E, Denney, W, Dharuri, H, Dorier, J, Drasdo, D, Ebrahim, A, Eichner, J, Elf, J, Endler, L, Evelo, C, Flamm, C, Fleming, R, Fröhlich, M, Glont, M, Gonçalves, E, Golebiewski, M, Grabski, H, Gutteridge, A, Hachmeister, D, Harris, L, Heavner, B, Henkel, R, Hlavacek, W, Hu, B, Hyduke, D, Jong, H, Juty, N, Karp, P, Karr, J, Kell, D, Keller, R, Kiselev, I, Klamt, S, Klipp, E, Knüpfer, C, Kolpakov, F, Krause, F, Kutmon, M, Laibe, C, Lawless, C, Li, L, Loew, L, Machne, R, Matsuoka, Y, Mendes, P, Mi, H, Mittag, F, Monteiro, P, Natarajan, K, Nielsen, P, Nguyen, T, Palmisano, A, Jean-Baptiste, P, Pfau, T, Phair, R, Radivoyevitch, T, Rohwer, J, Ruebenacker, O, Saez-Rodriguez, J, Scharm, M, Schmidt, H, Schreiber, F, Schubert, M, Schulte, R, Sealfon, S, Smallbone, K, Soliman, S, Stefan, M, Sullivan, D, Takahashi, K, Teusink, B, Tolnay, D, Vazirabad, I, Kamp, A, Wittig, U, Wrzodek, C, Wrzodek, F, Xenarios, I, Zhukova, A, Zucker, J, Keating, SM, Bergmann, FT, Gillespie, CS, Malik-Sheriff, RS, Moodie, SL, Moraru, II, Myers, CJ, Olivier, BG, Schaff, JC, Smith, LP, Swat, MJ, Wilkinson, DJ, Blinov, ML, Faeder, JR, Gómez, HF, Hamm, TM, Lister, AL, Proctor, CJ, Shaffer, CA, Shapiro, BE, Sauro, HM, Doyle, JC, Adams, RR, Allen, NA, Angermann, BR, Bader, GD, Cox, CD, Denney, WS, Evelo, CT, Fleming, RM, Harris, LA, Heavner, BD, Hlavacek, WS, Hyduke, DR, Karp, PD, Karr, JR, Kell, DB, Loew, LM, Monteiro, PT, Natarajan, KN, Nielsen, PM, Phair, RD, Rohwer, JM, Ruebenacker, OA, Sealfon, SC, Stefan, MI, and Sullivan, DP

Abstract

Systems biology has experienced dramatic growth in the number, size, and complexity of computational models. To reproduce simulation results and reuse models, researchers must exchange unambiguous model descriptions. We review the latest edition of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format designed for this purpose. A community of modelers and software authors developed SBML Level 3 over the past decade. Its modular form consists of a core suited to representing reaction-based models and packages that extend the core with features suited to other model types including constraint-based models, reaction-diffusion models, logical network models, and rule-based models. The format leverages two decades of SBML and a rich software ecosystem that transformed how systems biologists build and interact with models. More recently, the rise of multiscale models of whole cells and organs, and new data sources such as single-cell measurements and live imaging, has precipitated new ways of integrating data with models. We provide our perspectives on the challenges presented by these developments and how SBML Level 3 provides the foundation needed to support this evolution.

Published
2020

20. Selection method for observation points using Bayesian LASSO at estimating radiation source distribution from air dose rates

Author

Yamada Susumu, Machida Masahiko, and Tanimura Naoki

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

When we decommission a reactor building, it is essential to identify the radiation source distribution for safety. It has been reported that the source distribution can be predicted from the measured air dose rates at appropriate observation points by minimizing an evaluation function using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). However, it is challenging to decide on suitable points in advance. Therefore, we estimate the posterior distribution from the prior distribution of the source amounts, calculated by the standard LASSO, using the Bayesian LASSO. We then assess the predictive distribution of the air dose rates at the candidate observation points from the posterior distribution. We select the additional observation points based on the variances of the predictive distributions. We confirmed that the method can estimate the source distribution with fewer additional observation points than when adding them randomly in most cases.

Published
2024
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22. An Epidemiologic Study of Anti-HTLV-I (Antibody to Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I) by Category of Disease in the Kushima District of Miyazaki Prefecture

Author

Wataru Kajiyama, Miki Hirata, Koya Nakashima, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, Toshimitsu Shingu, Akinori Noguchi, and Tanimura N

Subjects
Adult, Male, Veterinary medicine, Blood transfusion, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, Disease, Japan, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Particle agglutination, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Seroprevalence, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, HTLV-I Infections, HTLV-I Antibodies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Virus type, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business
Abstract

HTLV-I seroprevalence in the southern part of Miyazaki prefecture was reported to be high in many seroepidemiological surveys. In order to determine the distribution of antibody to Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (anti-HTLV-I) in the Kushima district of Miyazaki prefecture and evaluate the relation between the HLTV-I carrier and disease, determination of anti-HTLV-I status of patients in a hospital in Kushima City, Miyazaki prefecture was carried out from March to July, 1985. Sera from 542 patients was tested for presence of anti-HTLV-I by particle agglutination (PA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Results obtained area as follows 1) Overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 31.2 per cent (169 of 542 individuals). It increased gradually with age and elevated remarkably in the 60-69 age group, showing the highest rate of 39.6 per cent. 2) Prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 28.6 per cent (65 of 227) in males and 33.0 per cent (104 of 315) in females. A significant difference by sex was not recognized. 3) No significant difference was found in the geographical distribution of anti-HTLV-I, but prevalence in the Toi area was relatively low. 4) Anti-HTLV-I was prevalent in the patients with tuberculosis (46.2 per cent), most of whom had a history of blood transfusion. In this study, the relation between HTLV-I carriers and diseases was not analysed. 5) Seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-I in the patients who had had blood transfusions was significantly higher than that of those who had not had blood transfusions (p less than 0.01).

Published
1991
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24. PRAT4A-dependent expression of cell surface TLR5 on neutrophils, classical monocytes and dendritic cells

Author

Shibata, T., primary, Takemura, N., additional, Motoi, Y., additional, Goto, Y., additional, Karuppuchamy, T., additional, Izawa, K., additional, Li, X., additional, Akashi-Takamura, S., additional, Tanimura, N., additional, Kunisawa, J., additional, Kiyono, H., additional, Akira, S., additional, Kitamura, T., additional, Kitaura, J., additional, Uematsu, S., additional, and Miyake, K., additional

Published
2012
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27. Pathology of Fatal Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Large-billed Crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) during the 2004 Outbreak in Japan

Author

Tanimura, N., primary, Tsukamoto, K., additional, Okamatsu, M., additional, Mase, M., additional, Imada, T., additional, Nakamura, K., additional, Kubo, M., additional, Yamaguchi, S., additional, Irishio, W., additional, Hayashi, M., additional, Nakai, T., additional, Yamauchi, A., additional, Nishimura, M., additional, and Imai, K., additional

Published
2006
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