Search

Este estudio investigó la influencia de variables espacio-temporales de coordinación interpersonal en la toma de decisiones de jugadores dentro del área de penalti en el fútbol. Fueron analizadas jugadas de remate (n= 71), pase (n= 26) y regate (n= 30), seleccionadas de 12 partidos de fútbol de un campeonato amateur en Colombia. Las imágenes capturadas fueron analizadas a través del software TACTO. Las variables espacio-temporales utilizadas para el análisis fueron: i) ángulo de remate: vectores conectando el jugador en posesión del balón (vértice) con los dos adversarios que generan el mayor espacio en la portería; ii) ángulo A de pase: vectores conectando el jugador en posesión del balón (vértice) con su marcador más próximo y su compañero de equipo; iii) ángulo B de pase: vectores conectando el jugador en posesión del balón (vértice) con su compañero de equipo y el marcador más próximo a él; iv) distancia interpersonal: entre el atacante en posesión del balón y su adversario más cercano; v) velocidad: tasa de cambio de cada una de las medidas en función del tiempo de duración de la acción; vi) variabilidad: coeficiente de variación de cada una de las medidas desde el comienzo hasta el final de la acción. Los resultados mostraron que, los valores del ángulo de remate fueron más altos en las situaciones que los jugadores decidieron rematar, en comparación con las situaciones en que los jugadores decidieron pasar o regatear; y, que las distancias interpersonales fueron más cortas en las situaciones de regate, en comparación con las situaciones de pase. En conclusión, los ángulos de remate y distancias interpersonales, influenciaron en la toma de decisiones del remate y regate, respectivamente. Abstract: This study investigated the influence of spatio-temporal variables of interpersonal coordination on players’ decision-making within the penalty area of the soccer. We analyzed shooting events (n= 71), passing (n= 26) y dribbling (n= 30), which was choose from 12 games of an amateur Colombian championship and analysed using TACTO software. The spatiotemporal variables were: (i) shooting angle: formed by vectors liking the ball carrier (vertex) to two opponents that generated a gap in the goal; (ii) passing angle A: vectors connecting the ball carrier (vertex) to his nearest defender and to a teammate; (iii) passing angle B: vectors linking the ball carrier (vertex) to a teammate and to the teammate’s nearest defender; (iv) interpersonal distance: between the ball carrier and his nearest defender; v) velocity: change rate of each of the measures, depending on the duration of the play; vi) variability: coefficient of variation of each of the measures from the beginning to the end of the play. The results revealed that, values of the shooting angle were higher when players decide for shooting, comparing to situations in which the players decided to pass or dribble; and, the interpersonal distance was shorter in dribbling situations, comparing to passing situations. It was concluded that, the shooting angle and the interpersonal distance, functioned as control parameters in shooting at goal and dribbling situations, respectively. Resumo: O presente estudo investigou a influência de variáveis espaço-temporais de coordenação interpessoal na tomada de decisões dos jogadores na grande área do futebol. Foram analisadas jogadas de chute (n= 71), passe (n= 26) e drible (n= 30), selecionadas de 12 jogos de futebol de um campeonato amador na Colômbia. As imagens capturadas foram analisadas através do software TACTO. As variáveis espaço-temporais consideradas para análise foram: i) ângulo de chute: vetores ligando o jogador com posse de bola (vértice) com os dois adversários geraram a maior lacuna no gol; ii) ângulo A de passe: vetores ligando o portador da bola (vértice) com seu marcador mais próximo e seu companheiro de equipe; iii) ângulo B de passe: vetores ligando o portador da bola (vértice) com seu companheiro de equipe e o marcador mais próximo dele.; iv) distância interpessoal: entre o atacante com posse de bola e o seu adversário mais próximo; v) velocidade: taxa de mudança de cada uma das medidas, em função do tempo de duração da jogada; vi) variabilidade: coeficiente de variação de cada uma das medidas desde o começo até o final da jogada. Os resultados mostraram que os valores do ângulo de chute foram superiores nas situações que os jogadores decidiram chutar, em comparação com as situações em que os jogadores decidiram passar ou driblar; e que, as distâncias interpessoais foram menores nas situações em que os jogadores decidiram driblar, em comparação com as situações de passe. Em conclusão, os ângulos de chute e distâncias interpessoais influenciaram na tomada de decisões do chute e drible, respectivamente.

In this work the problem of underwater radiated noise emitted by cavitating propellers is addressed, considering the case of single screw ships. To this aim, a series of experimental results obtained in model and full scale is presented. The analysis of results reported allows to discuss the effect of the surrounding ambient in model scale measurements and the importance of a correct representation of the ship wake. A comparison of model and full scale measurements is also reported.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital cystic lesions of the lung in children are uncommon but potentially life-threatening and warrant an urgent diagnostic work-up. Pulmonary sequestration (PS), congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), and bronchogenic cyst (BC) are the four major congenital cystic lesions, but they share similar embryologic and clinical characteristics. The purpose of this study is to review our institutional experience with congenital cystic lung disease emphasizing on diagnosis and management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1975 and October 2007, 109 patients have been treated, of which 57 males and 52 females, the age ranged from the birth to 13 years. 104 patients presented solitary lesions: CCAM (47), CLE (16), PS (22), BC (19). The remainders 5 patients presented two simultaneous lesions: intralobar PS and CCAM (2), CLE and CCAM (3). RESULTS: All the lesions have been treated surgically: in the first cases, only symptomatic patients underwent surgery, while in the last years, patients have systematically been submitted operated. CONCLUSIONS: A meaningful percentage of CCAM joins to PS and CLE; instead the BC are generally isolated, probably deriving by a more precocious embryogenetic defect. The treatment of these lesions is surgical: CCAM (type I-II) and CLE should be treated promptly in newborns for respiratory distress and pneumothorax; CCAM (type II) and BC generally become symptomatic gradually and expose to degenerative risk; intralobar PS generally becomes symptomatic and surgery prevents the risk of infections. Extralobar PS and the asymptomatic BC are not exempted by surgical approach whenever accidentally described as masses of uncertain nature. Asymptomatic cysts in children should be resected, to avoid later complications of the cysts, which could make operation more difficult. Conservative anatomic resections should be attempted to preserve functional lung tissue. Careful histologic examination of the resection specimen is mandatory to identify occult malignancy. In conclusion a correct embryogenetic organization and a clinical evaluation of the congenital cystic lung diseases allow a precocious and effective surgical timing.

Laser welding appears to be the most suitable technology for joining metallic foams. Spatially limited energy input, together with high energy density, determine a small molten material volume and a rapid solidification, which prevents the collapse of the cellular structure and the drainage phenomena. It has indeed already been shown that laser welding is a useful technique for joining metal foam panels with conventional or foamable filler. The welding techniques were also widely applied and studied for the Aluminum Foam Sandwich (AFS). Composite materials obtained by filling with metallic foam hollow profiles are nowadays available. Reliable welding processes have to be carried out in order to realize complex lightweight structures. The present paper investigates the butt-joint laser welding of a composite material made of steel tubes filled with aluminum foam core. Two pieces of a metal foam filled steel tube were prepared by chamfering the edge and foamable filler was then inserted between them. The process was divided in two parts. As a first phase of the method, the joining of the tubes was obtained by tuning the laser parameters in order to weld the whole tube thickness without damaging the metal foam. Finally, the laser beam was used in order to obtain both a sort of heat treatment in the tubes material and a temperature gradient inside the aluminum foam core. In this second stage of the laser processing, the beam parameters were tuned in order to achieve the foaming temperature inside the tubes. The hollow steel profiles were filled up with aluminum powder precursors, which were produced by cold uniaxial compaction according to the powder metallurgical route. They were then foamed in a furnace. A Laser machining center with 3 kW CW FAF CO2 laser source and five CNC axes was used. This study is a preliminary step in order to verify the reliability of the method, and further investigations will be necessary with the aim of optimizing the process. The present investigation was limited to laser beam power and process speed. At the present stage the results are very encouraging and a prototype has therefore been constructed.

Standard sonographic views of the brain obtained along the axial planes at mid-gestation failed to identify absence of the septum pellucidum in two consecutive fetuses. It was presumably the close proximity of the walls of the lateral ventricles that generated an artifact resembling a normal cavum septi pellucidi. In one of these fetuses, septo-optic dysplasia was confirmed by magnetic resonance demonstration of hypoplastic optic tracts. In the other fetus, isolated absence of the septum pellucidum was the final diagnosis. Standard axial scans are unreliable in predicting absence of the septum pellucidum in the mid-trimester fetus when the lateral ventricles are normal in size.

This study was performed jointly by ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Environment), Bologna and Florence Universities and the firm FINI COMPRESSORI. The functional unit is an axial air compressor manufactured by FINI COMPRESSORI, lubricated, having a 25-litres air tank, provided by 1.8 kW electrical motor. The system boundaries include raw material extraction and the end of life of the compressor. All metallic materials have the recycling as waste scenario. The LCA is obtained by using the SimaPro 3.1 code and the two methods Eco-indicator 95 and Ecopoints. The results show that air tank and stator of electrical motor are the components with greater environmental damage, even if the damage is mainly due to the electrical energy consumed during use.